绿塘整体浇筑堆石混凝土拱坝施工期温度仿真研究

【目的】绿塘大坝是一座不分横缝、整体浇筑的堆石混凝土拱坝,旨在解决坝体分缝过多而带来的施工干扰大、速度慢以及堆石率低等问题。为深入探究这种新拱坝型式的温度场分布特征与应力变化规律,得到堆石混凝土坝体不分缝或少分缝的理论依据,【方法】基于实测资料开展有限元温度仿真计算,考虑上游防渗层及预制混凝土块模板、混凝土水化反应及弹性模量增长、徐变等,采用结构多场仿真与非线性分析软件SAPTIS模拟整体浇筑拱坝的分层拱圈浇筑全过程,并分析坝体温度场与应力分布规律。【结果】结果显示：绿塘大坝施工期的混凝土水化温升较低,约3～10℃,部分高温月份浇筑的混凝土温升后能达到38.6℃;施工期拱向拉应力普遍小于0.8 MPa,仅上游自密实混凝土防渗层的局部应力达到1.5 MPa,预制混凝土块模板起到辅助吸热和力学约束作用;横缝对拱坝上游面的应力改善较为明显。【结论】结果表明,堆石混凝土拱坝采用不分横缝、全断面整体上升浇筑的型式是可行的,但建议上游防渗层设置短缝和高温季节采取合适的温控措施,该坝型对促进快速筑坝技术发展具有重要意义。     

绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝施工期温度分析

贵州省绿塘水库堆石混凝土拱坝是第一座采取不分横缝整体浇筑的堆石混凝土拱坝,不仅取消了振捣/碾压,通水冷却,还取消分缝,极大简化了混凝土拱坝施工。为了研究绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝的施工期温度过程,开展了施工期临时温度监测,并综合分析了大坝永久温度监测系统获得的施工期温度、施工单位混凝土温度记录、当地气温历史记录等多种资料,论证了温度监测资料的可靠性,得到了一些基本认识。主要结论有:(1)堆石混凝土水化热温升低;(2)气候温和地区完全不采取温控措施的堆石混凝土工程,堆石入仓温度接近于日平均气温,高自密实性能混凝土(HSCC)入仓温度显著高于气温;(3)堆石混凝土入仓温度可以根据HSCC入仓温度与气温加权平均得到。绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝采取不分横缝整体浇筑,是成功的创新实践,可以在气候温和地区推广应用。     

堆石混凝土拱坝施工期温度监测与分析

贵州省境内的龙洞湾堆石混凝土拱坝采取了不分横缝整体浇筑,未采取任何温控措施,期间赶上炎热夏季施工.为了研究堆石混凝土中堆石与自密实混凝土的温度传导规律,针对龙洞湾拱坝开展了夏季晴天和持续降雨两个工况下详细的施工期温度监测工作.通过对自密实混凝土、堆石、环境气温等监测数据进行分析,结果显示:①堆石接触到自密实混凝土后能迅...     

沼河渡槽施工期温度应力仿真研究

用化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响，求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程，对南水北调工程沼河渡槽施工期温度场和徐变应力场进行了仿真计算。研究表明，对于夏季和冬季浇筑的混凝土，采用基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升理论和传统理论的计算结果有较大差异。     

洺河渡槽施工期温度应力仿真研究

用化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响,求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程,对南水北调工程 洺河渡槽施工期温度场和徐变应力场进行了仿真计算。研究表明,对于夏季和冬季浇筑的混凝土,采用基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升理论和传统理论的计算结果有较大差异。     

大型渡槽温度应力仿真研究

用化学反应速率描述温度对混凝土绝热温升的影响,求解基于等效时间的非线性热传导方程,对南水北调工程某渡槽施工期温度场和徐变应力场进行了仿真计算.研究表明,对于夏季和冬季浇筑的混凝土,采用基于等效时间的混凝土绝热温升理论和传统理论的计算结果有较大差异.     

混凝土高拱坝施工期温控防裂仿真研究

混凝土高拱坝封拱和蓄水是一个持续时间较长的动态交替过程。浇筑方案对坝体施工期温度场和温度应力有着重要的影响。采用三维有限元法对小湾混凝土高拱坝22号坝段两种浇筑方案的施工期温度场及温度应力进行了全过程仿真分析，得到了高拱坝温度场及温度应力变化的一般规律．提出了减小二期冷却结束时温度应力的措施。仿真计算中考虑了坝体混凝土材料的热力学性能、浇筑过程、水管冷却、环境温度变化、封拱和蓄水过程。仿真结果对混凝土高拱坝的温控防裂设计有参考价值。     

万家口子高碾压混凝土拱坝温控防裂仿真分析

采用三维有限元法对万家口子高碾压混凝土拱坝的施工期温度场及温度应力进行全过程仿真分析，得到了高碾压混凝土拱坝温度场及温度应力变化的一般规律。仿真中考虑了坝体材料的热力学性能、环境温度变化、浇筑过程和封拱过程。仿真结果对高碾压混凝土拱坝的温控防裂设计有参考价值。     

万家口子高碾压混凝土拱坝温控防裂仿真分析

采用三维有限元法对万家口子高碾压混凝土拱坝的施工期温度场及温度应力进行全过程仿真分析,得到了高碾压混凝土拱坝温度场及温度应力变化的一般规律.仿真中考虑了坝体材料的热力学性能、环境温度变化、浇筑过程和封拱过程.仿真结果对高碾压混凝土拱坝的温控防裂设计有参考价值.     

碾压混凝土拱坝温度场仿真分析

依据碾压混凝土坝的材料特性，采用三维有限元浮动网格法对某碾压混凝土拱坝施工期至运行期温度场进行了全过程仿真分析。分析中考虑了混凝土的绝热温升随龄期的变化和分层浇筑、夏季停工及蓄水对坝体温度场的影响。计算成果给出了温度场分布及其随时间变化规律，为某碾压混凝土拱坝的设计和施工中采取相应的温控措施提供了参考。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。