考虑浮力射流近区垂向效应影响的二维计算方法

以温排水数值计算为例,结合已有的深水表面浮力射流厚度研究,尝试给出了一种在排放口近区考虑射流垂向效应、在全计算域使用二维平面模型的计算方法.该方法在排放口引入了浮力射流热水层厚度,并且对混合区底部高程的变化过程给予考虑,提高了排放口近区表面温升分布的可信度,在火核电厂温排水数值预报中具有实用价值.     

竖管式扩散器排放近区数值模拟研究

结合我国排放口设计的发展方向，通过数值模拟方法研究了竖管式多孔扩散器排放近区的稀释特性和数值预报模型。针对前人二维当量长孔浮射流理论不能考虑扩散器附近单个浮射流的混合特征的不足之处，提出了多孔浮射流混合前后的耦合模拟方法，建立了竖管式扩散器排放近区单侧混合的数值模型，并通过模型试验加以验证。结果表明，数值计算成果与模型试验成果基本一致，可以直接用于竖管式扩散器表层初始稀释度的预报。     

滨海核电厂明渠深水温排放三维数值模拟研究

核电厂温排水对海域环境的影响不容忽视,数学模型是预报温排水扩散范围的重要手段。三维数学模型能反映水温垂向分层,相比二维模型更为精细,由于其对垂向流速求解存在简化,应用于不同排放型式的模拟精度尚需要深入论证。本文针对深水明渠排放型式开展了温排水三维数值模拟,计算结果与物理模型及近区浮射流模型Cormix进行了对比,结果表明三维数学模型计算的1 ℃温升范围与物理模型接近,4 ℃温升范围较物理模型和Cormix显著偏小。本项研究表明现有三维数学模型单独应用于明渠水深排放型式难以同时兼顾近远区模拟精度,需要进一步开展与近区浮射流模型的耦合研究以提升其适用性。     

弯道流水域热浮力排放扩散器参数优化物理模型试验研究

弯道河流水域排放口布置常选择在弯道凹岸侧,以充分利用弯道环流加快稀释,然而弯道环流条件下排放口近区稀释特性与均匀流条件下存在较大差异,相关研究较少。本文在大比例尺物理模型试验中模拟复杂地形和弯道流动条件下扩散器热浮力排放近区稀释规律,采用平面激光诱导荧光(Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence,PLIF)技术进行断面浓度测量,分析了弯道环流对近区浮射流稀释扩散的影响,对扩散器出流仰角、出流水平方位角和离岸距离等进行了优化,在此基础上提出了适用于弯道水域地形条件热浮力排放的近水平非等高多喷口离岸向排放型式。研究结果对于类似弯道水域热浮力排放扩散器优化研究具有参考意义。     

孟加拉湾巴瑞萨河口温排放初始稀释特性研究

为提高温排放的初始稀释度、减小排口近区超标区域,扩散器常被用于电厂排海工程。本文采用CORMIX经验模型与Realizable k-ε紊流模型相结合的方法,开展了孟加拉湾河口水域燃煤电厂排水扩散器的参数优化及温排水稀释特性研究。首先分析了扩散器长度、出流角度、出流流速等参数对初始稀释的影响,并对扩散器型式进行了比选,提出潮汐水域采用交错型扩散器有利于增大近区稀释度。针对推荐扩散器,研究依据准恒定假设,模拟了涨潮、高平、落潮、低平四个特征潮态的温排水稀释扩散过程。结果表明:不同潮态的温度场空间结构、温升分布及稀释效果具有显著差异,低平潮对温排水掺混稀释最为不利;涨潮与落潮时顺流向与逆流向的喷口射流结构也不尽相同,顺流向射流更加细长。研究成果可为电厂排放口工程设计与环境影响评价提供技术支撑,也可为浅水型海域扩散器选型提供参考。     

静止浅水环境中水平圆形浮力射流稳定性的数值研究

给出描述考虑浮力效应的热污水水平圆形浮力射流的数学模型，采用Balasubra-manian等（1978）的实验资料进行检验，计算结果和实验资料的吻合证明了模型和方法的有效性。在此基础上给出静止环境中水平圆形浮力射流稳定性的条件和表面最小稀释度的经验公式。     

岸边排放口近区流场和浓度场特性的分析

本文对各种全深度岸边正交、斜交排放问题应用了水深平均的k-ε紊流模型计算了排放口近区的流场和浓度场,并进行了试验量测,以实测值对计算所得的回流尺度及浓度分布结果作了对照。文中依据计算结果和实测资料分析了影响近区流场、浓度场的主要因素;提出了排放口对岸的影响可略去时河宽B_(cr)的估算式;指出了近区回流尺度的变化规律;对不受河宽影响的近区导出了计算射流轨迹的公式。     

静止环境中垂直平面浮力射流稳定性与混合特性数值研究

针对不同的射流参数和环境流体参数下的有限深平面垂直射流，采用混合有限分析法对近区以稳定浮力表面层形式排放和由于近区漩涡产生二次吸附的非稳定排放两种流动形态的混合流体的流速场和温度场进行了数值模拟。结果表明近区排放稳定性主要取决于排放佛汝德数和相对淹没度，而与受纳水体的远区几何形状无关；受纳水体的远区几何形状只对排放水体的混合性质产生影响，这一点对非稳定排放尤其显著。所得结果与Jirka和Harleman的理论分析和试验结果十分吻合，说明所采用数值方法可对平面浮力射流的流动现象进行完整的预报。     

滨海核电厂冷却水明渠浅水排放三维数值模拟

温排水是滨海核电厂面临的重要环境问题,模型预报是评价排放影响的主要手段。三维数学模型能精细反映温排水扩散,是预报模型的主要发展方向,但目前其模拟适用性尚需要进一步深入研究。本文以某浅水明渠排放核电厂为例,开展了海域潮流及温排水三维数值模拟,并与二维模拟及物理模型试验进行了对比分析,比较结果表明,三维数学模型模拟的近区水温垂向分布与物理模型吻合,模拟的表层4℃和1℃温升范围与其它模型相比具有合理性。研究结果表明三维数学模型能合理反映浅水明渠排放浮力作用下的水温分层,较好兼顾近区和远区的模拟精度,对此种排放型式具有较好的适用性。     

横流中有限长线源型倾斜正浮力射流特性的数值研究

本文利用混合有限分析法及交错网格的思想,对横流中有限长线源型倾斜正浮力射流进行了数值计算,成功模拟了端涡现象及其发展过程,比较了倾角为60°倾斜浮力射流与垂直浮力射流轨迹线上的温度和稀释度,还得出了浮力射流是否发生贴壁现象的界限值。     

挟沙水流卡门常数的理论研究

挟沙水流的流速分布,特别是其中的卡门常数,一直是冲积河流水力学研究的热点问题之一.实测资料表明挟沙水流流速分布仍遵循对数流速分布规律,但在主流区的卡门常数要小于清水时的卡门常数,而在近底区的卡门常数与清水基本一致.在引入颗粒切应力的基础上,从理论上推导了同时适用于主流区和近底区的统一流速分布模型.利用该流速分布模型,得到挟沙水流的卡门常数沿垂线是变化的结论,即从近底区的约0.4渐变到主流区的小于0.4.并给出了主流区卡门常数的理论表达式,认为主流区卡门常数与近底区的泥沙浓度和泥沙粒径有关.该卡门常数的理论公式与实测资料较为吻合.     

STABILITY AND MIXING CHARACTER FOR BUOYANT JETS IN QUIESCENT SHALLOW WATER

BRIEFINTRODUCTIONOFTHEPAPER:Inthe firstpart,thecharactersforthe3Dthermalbuoy antjetsintheflowingenvironmentareanalyzed experimentally.UsingtheMicroADVandtem peraturemeasuringsystem,thevelocityfieldand temperaturefieldoftheheatedbuoyantjetsatdif ferentcross to jetvelocityratiosaremeasured.Thetestdatarevealedthecharacteristicsofthose meanflowparametersandturbulentflowparame tersaregaveout.Furthermore,theexperimental runsarenumericallysimulatedusingthebuoyancy extendedkεturbulencemo…     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FORMATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN AN IMPINGING TWIN-JET

The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method has been used to solve the fluid momentum equations coupled with a convection-diffusion equation to study the formation of pollutant nanoparticles in a vehicular exhaust with impinging twin-jet. The functions of the space (S) between the two jets and the distance (H) from the exit of nozzle to the impingement plane are evaluated according to the distributions of pollutant nanoparticles. The results show that the nucleation produces a large number of nanoparticles, and gas-to-nanoparticle conversion mostly takes place in the interface region of the two jets, the circumambience of the jets, and region near the plane. The maximal particle size and maximal number concentration produced by both nucleation and coagulation appear around the region of free jet and the region near the plane, respectively. The significant differences for various spaces between the two jets are the number concentration and size distributions in the interface region of the two jets. For the case with larger space, more nanoparticles are produced by nucleation and coagulation. The more the distance from the exit of nozzle to the impingement plane, the lower is the number concentration and the fewer the particles distribute near the plane. Increasing the distance from nozzle to plane is beneficial to the reduction of nanoparticle formation.     

MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY OF CONDENSATE OIL AND GAS WELLS STIMULATED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING

In this article, the recent research achievements on the theory and technology of condensate oil and gas wells stimulated by electromagnetic induction heating during middle or late exploitation period were introduced for the first time at home and abroad. A new kind of electromagnetic wave induction heating equipment XAEMH-1 was developed. Taking near wellbore zone temperature field as the main research object, which is the key factor for the condensation and retrograde vaporization during electromagnetic heating, the mathematical simulation model for a condensate oil and gas well stimulated by electromagnetic heating to eliminate blockage near wellbore region was established. A corresponding computer system was developed to dynamically predict and evaluate the efficiency of this electromagnetic heating process. Through this computer system, the near wellbore region distributions of several important factors such as temperature, pressure, condensate oil saturation and relative permeability can be described quantitatively. A condensate gas well in a late exploitation period reservoir here in China was chosen as a practical example to test the effectiveness of this new technology and some satisfactory results were obtained.These results proved that it is feasible to eliminate the near wellbore region blockage by electromagnetic heating. A new prospective stimulation method was given for the condensate oil and gas reservoirs during middle or late exploitation period.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEAN AND TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IMPINGING DENSITY JET IN A CONFINED CROSSFLOW IN NEAR FIELD

The three-dimensional mean and turbulence characteristics of an impinging density jet in a confined crossflow were numerically investigated using the RNG turbulence model. The comparison of the subregion structures and gross features between the numerical results and the experimental data show good agreement. The velocity, Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) and concentration distributions of the impinging jet in near field were obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that the flow and concentration fields of the impinging jet in the crossflow exhibit distinguished three-dimensionality in the near field. There exist upstream wall vortices and downstream wall jet zones in the impinging region, and the TKE and concentration decays are asymmetrical in relation to the stagnation point. The lateral concentration distributionrange in the impinging region spreads considerably. The enhanced entrainment and mixing of the impinging jet in the confined crossflow are mostly associated with the impinging action and lateral expansion in the impinging region. The presence of the bottom wall restrains the formation of the spanwise rollers in the transverse jet region and vertical entrainment and mixing in the impinging region and the transition region.     

二维浅水域潮流数值模拟的ADI－QUICK格式

本文采用ＡＤＩ－ＱＵＩＣＫ有限差分格式，用单一正交网格系进行空间离散，对二维浅水流动方程和污染物对流－扩散问题进行数值模拟。方法具有高阶精度，不呈现数值振荡，不带有可感受的数值衰减，计算过程稳定，计算方法简便等优点。本文以大连湾海域为实例，计算了Ｍ２－分潮流动规律。基于ＡＤＩ－ＱＵＩＣＫ格式编制的ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ程序对其它的浅水海域和河口的流动问题具有普遍的适应性。     

挟沙气流中输沙量垂线分布的实验研究

为了克服传统的垂直集沙方法在近床面区测量精度较低的缺陷 ,本文将垂直集沙方法和水平集沙方法结合 ,在风洞内测量了气流中输沙量沿垂线的分布 ,同时对沙粒沿风洞轴向的水平降落量进行了量测。实验分别针对五种风速条件和两种沙粒级配条件进行。结果表明 :挟沙气流中输沙量沿垂线分布的上段符合传统的指数递减分布规律 ,近床面区的输沙量较对应的指数分布函数预测值偏大 ,偏大的程度随气流摩阻速度和沙粒粒径的增大而减小。采用本文的实验方法可以半定量地揭示近床面区输沙量偏离指数递减分布规律的原因 ,并能够合理地概括以往关于近床面区输沙率测量精度研究的各个方面的论述。     

近坝库岸边坡稳定分析

通过对砂页岩区近坝库岸边坡的调查,以张峰水库左岸近坝库岸为例,阐述了近坝库岸边坡的特征,并对土质边坡进行了稳定性分析,提出治理方案。     

黄河回拦门沙演变分析

本文在分析黄河口拦门沙地区的流速、含沙量及泥沙粒径的基础上，总结出这些水动力因素防潮汐变化的规律．并结合河口地区滞流点的变化特点，初步探讨了拦门沙区的水动力特征与拦门沙演变模式之间的相互关系．     

三峡蓄水初期水库近坝区水环境特性分析

通过现场观测和数值模拟的方法，对三峡水库近坝区在蓄水初期的水流和水环境特性进行了 分析。对蓄水初期的溶解氧、BOD、COD和NH3-N、Cu等水质参数进行了观测，将蓄水初期水质资料与蓄水之前的结果进行了对比，分析了近坝区水环境变化趋势。采用大涡模拟紊流模型，考虑水体表面的热交换，对三峡近坝区的流动和水温分布特性进行了模拟。研究结果表明，三峡水库蓄水初期近坝区水流特性明显改变，主要表现为水深增加、流速变缓，部分地段有回流区出现。水质指标变化不明显，坝前断面溶解氧浓度、悬浮物浓度有所降低，和悬浮物密切相关的污染物总磷、重金属也随之降低；蓄水初期139m水位时坝前水域尚没有出现温度分层现象。