珠江三角洲河道岸线存在问题及解决思路

珠江三角洲地区经济发达，土地资源紧张，八十年代以后大规模开发建设导致河道滩地开发利用严重，形成河道卡口，增加防洪压力及洪水灾害造成的损失，因此统一规划、合理控制河道岸线成为珠江三角洲综合治理的重要内容之一，如何制定合理的岸线控制方案是本文探讨的核心内容。     

珠江三角洲岸线监管信息平台设计与应用

珠江三角洲是我国经济快速发展的地区之一,但随着人口增长,工业化和城市化进程加快,其河口岸线形态发生了巨大变化。珠江三角洲岸线监管信息平台结合目前计算机及网络技术等学科前沿的优势,在标准与规范的指导下,实现珠江三角洲地图展示、岸线提取、岸线比对、全景、河道断面展示等功能,并建成了河道数据库、涉水建筑数据库、水文数据库、水利数据库和成果数据库,为珠江三角洲河口岸带开发和滩涂围垦提供了科学依据和决策咨询服务。     

广西城镇河道岸线空间控制利用规划的探讨

分析了广西城镇河道岸线空间利用中存在的问题,探讨了城镇岸线空间规划的模式和原则,针对城镇河道岸线空间控制利用规划的误区,提出可持续发展、保护生态等针对性的处理措施和建议.     

基于“三区三线”开展的岸线保护与功能分区规划

当前浈江南雄段河岸普遍存在岸线开发无序等问题，缺乏合理规划开发利用，长期会严重影响河道行洪，导致岸线侵蚀等不利影响。为河流发挥正常的生态景观行洪防汛的功能，保护开发岸线，设置合理功能区划。在水动力模型对水面线计算的基础上对现有河道水面线和河势稳定性进行分析评价，梳理现有岸线的开发现状和保护需求。对不同河段进行划分为岸线保护区、岸线保留区和岸线控制利用区的岸线功能区划分，对岸线的临水控制线、堤顶控制线和外缘控制线进行划分，提出了岸线保护管控的长效举措。     

江苏长江干流岸线利用与河道整治

随着江苏沿江经济带的发展,优良岸线资源已愈来愈少,为推进合理利用有限且不可再生的长江岸线资源,维护健康长江,在进一步提高长江防洪标准的同时,加强河道整治,实施长江岸线开发利用与防洪和河道整治的有机结合,是保障沿江经济社会可持续发展的一项重要任务.针对岸线利用现状存在的主要问题,分析研究河道治理与岸线开发利用的关系,提出两者有机结合、相互推动的理念及其相应的保障措施.     

浅谈塔里木河上游阿拉尔城区段岸线管理利用

讨论了塔里木河上游阿拉尔市城区段河道现状特点、稳定性分析、存在的问题,综合国内成功的岸线管理和利用方法,提出了本区岸线管理和利用的对策,但是就岸线管理而言还有许多技术问题需要作专题研究,如河道输沙、径流变化对岸线侵蚀的严重程度、岸线防护方案的投入和产生的经济生态效益、合理的岸线功能区划分等.     

浅析岸线规划在广西河道管理中的作用

河道岸线是指河流水陆边界线两侧具有综合利用开发功能,并有一定范围的带状区域.岸线由岸线功能区和控制线构成.明确河道岸线控制线与河道管理范围的关系,阐明岸线规划在涉水建设项目洪水影响评价制度中的作用,对广西河道管理具有十分重要的现实意义.     

科学规划、合理利用和保护松辽流域重点河道岸线

在深入开展岸线资源及其开发利用情况、河道演变规律调查评价的基础上,全面分析岸线资源利用状况和需求以及岸线资源利用与河道整治工程、河势控制工程的关系,在确保防洪安全、供水安全和保护好水生态环境的基础上,对流域重要河段的岸线进行评估,合理规划岸线资源的利用与保护,并提出岸线利用与保护的指导意见,进一步明确河道岸线的管理范围,为实现岸线资源的科学管理,加强水行政执法提供技术支撑。     

赣江河道岸线资源利用现状分析与规划研究

本文在分析赣江河道岸线利用现状及存在的问题的基础上,拟定岸线控制线和岸线功能区划分的方法,对赣江河道岸线功能区进行了划分,提出岸线利用规划成果,为加强赣江河道岸线管理提供了依据.     

以河道岸线利用与管理规划为依托提升涉河事务管理能力

通过划定临水控制线和外缘控制线明确河道岸线范围,根据岸线开发利用现状、经济社会发展对岸线利用的需求及河流生态环境的需求,对各河段岸线进行功能划分。通过河道岸线利用与管理规划,提出既能有效支撑经济社会可持续发展、也能保障防洪安全、又能维系河流健康的岸线资源开发利用方式及程度、实现岸线资源合理开发的目标。以海河流域为例,从保障岸线利用与管理规划实施入手,探讨河道岸线资源利用的方法和途径。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. II. Distribution and abundance of trichoptera

River regulation in the headwaters and middle reaches of the Gunnison River, Colorado, significantly altered distributions and abundances of Trichoptera fauna. Twenty-five species were collected from mainstream samples, with the greatest species richness occurring at an unregulated, rhithron segment above the central reach dams. At sites immediately below the three hypolimnial-release dams and a reregulation dam, species richness was reduced 35–90 per cent and abundance > 95 per cent. Net-spinning caddisflies were the dominant trichopterans at unregulated sites; Arctopsyche grandis in the upper reaches (218 organisms, 586 mg dry mass m^?2) and Hydropsyche cockerelli, H. occidentalis and Cheumatopsyche pettiti in the lower river (9041 total organisms, 6621 mg m^?2), downstream from the last dam. The observed distributional pattern of low trichopteran densities in dam tailwaters and high hydropsychid densities at sites 60–80 km below the central reach dams is a classic expression of continuum resets and adjustments in response to stream regulation as predicted by the Serial Discontinuity Concept.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.