黄河小浪底工程泥沙问题的研究

本文系统地研究了原型沙和模型沙的基本运动特性。首次提出了可应用于高含沙水流模型试验的相似关系，据此理论建造了黄河小浪底枢纽１：８０的正态泥沙模型，研究了小浪底工程不同运用阶段的泥沙问题。同时，还重点研究了高含沙异重流和泄水建筑物的防淤堵问题。     

黄河下游节水减淤的高含沙输沙方式商榷

本文回顾了近２０年有关利用高含沙水流解决黄河下游泥沙问题的研究过程，并节省输沙用水、人为产生高含沙水流、泥沙堆放地点等问题。认为通过小浪底水库对泥沙进行多年调节，产生有利的水沙组合，改进高村以上宽浅游荡河道为窄深河槽，再利用窄深河槽输送高含沙水流经的措施是解决黄河下游防洪、减淤问题的有效措施。     

高含沙模型相似律及设计实例

本文提出了既适用于低含沙水流，又适用于高含沙水流的泥沙模型相似律。阐述了进行泥沙模型设计和试验的关键技术。给出了黄河小浪底水利枢纽泥沙模型的具体设计。模型试验的结果表明，按该相似律设计的泥沙模型，可使模型中的水流条件、泥沙运动和异重流的运动规律，河床的冲淤部位、冲淤数量和淤沙粒径与原型达到基本相似。     

高含沙水库泥沙运动数学模型的研究及应用

通过修正泥沙运动基本方程，并采用水流挟沙力、河床糙率、异重流计算等方面的最新研究成果，建立起高含沙水库泥沙数学模型。通过选择黄河三门峡水库及巴家嘴水库的泥沙观测资料进行仿真计算，证明了所建模型的可靠性。并应用该数学模型模拟泾河东庄水库泥沙淤积及排沙规律，取得了与泥沙模型试验结果相接近的计算成果，表明该模型具有模拟高含沙水流运动、溯源冲刷、泥沙级配变化、异重流运动等功能。     

小浪底工程2018年高含沙水流泄洪排沙运用实践

小浪底工程2018年度进行了低水位、大流量、高含沙量泄洪排沙运用,库区泥沙淤积三角洲顶点向坝前推移了8.65 km,顶点高程降低了8.49 m,排沙比达238%,减少了库区泥沙淤积、调整淤积形态。同时在泄洪排沙运用中,出现了泥沙淤积造成闸门启闭困难、高含沙水流对闸门及流道磨蚀严重、泥沙在线监测设施不足、发电运行方式调整等问题。针对低水位高含沙水流泄洪排沙运用,需进一步完善泥沙监测应急预案,提高泥沙淤积的预测预判能力;进一步优化孔洞运用方式,完善闸门操作规程,减少高含沙水流对闸门淤堵及磨蚀的影响;开展高含沙水流相关问题的研究,加强设施设备维护保养力度,确保枢纽安全稳定运行;小浪底水库进入拦沙后期第一阶段,水库排沙比增加,水库坝前淤积增加,需进一步加强小浪底水库高含沙水流运动研究,分析水库泄洪建筑物排沙机理,为水库安全生产提供技术支持。     

黄河中游地区高浓度浑水流变特性的试验研究

本研究根据已往研究中,以几种特定泥沙颗粒级配作试样。进行流变试验。与天然实际高含沙不相符合造成流变失真的情况,分析了渭黄、无定河高含沙水流,依照其具体组成特征。配制不同沙样进行了试验.结果表明:黄河中游地区高含沙水流流型可用宾汉模型描述:流变参数τ-B、η值随细粒泥沙含量和体积浓度增加而增大。并给出了相应的计算式。     

泾惠渠漏斗絮凝排沙试验研究

在河源高含沙来水中加入絮凝剂，可促使来水中的细颗粒泥沙凝结成粗颗粒泥沙，然后通过已建成的排沙漏斗工程排除。文中结合泾惠渠灌区的工程实际，对絮凝剂的添加进行了试验研究，对解决灌区高含沙引水提供了一定的参考。     

分流对高含沙输送影响试验的初步分析

利用水槽进行了粗细两种泥沙的高含沙水流稳定输送试验，在此基础上就军水分流对高含沙输送的影响进行了试验研究。浑水分流后，一般会改变水流的含沙量，或者影响水流的稳定输沙状态，引起河床的冲淤变化。分流会增加水流含沙的浓度或造成淤积，从而影响高含沙水流的稳定输送。     

高含沙模型相似律及设计实例

本文提出了既适用于低启沙水流，又适用于高含沙水流的泥沙模型相似律。阐述了进行泥沙模型设计和试验的关键技术。给出了黄河小浪底水利枢纽泥沙模型的具体设计。模型试验的结果表明，按该相似律设计的泥沙模型，可使模型中的水流条件，泥沙运动和异重流的运动规律，河床的冲淤部位，冲淤数量和淤沙粒径与原型达到基本相似。     

高含沙水流泄流能力影响试验研究

我国河流泥沙含量较高,特别是西北、华北地区,泥沙淤积问题是工程规划时需要考虑的重要问题。西北地区高含沙水流多数都可以看成是宾汉体,其具有不同于一般水流的独特现象。本文简要介绍了高含沙水流流变特性研究成果,以亭口水库为例,对其入库高含沙水流流变特性进行研究,并通过模型试验,对比相同流量下不同含沙量时的库水位壅高程度,进而对紊流情况下含沙量与泄流能力间关系进行初步探讨。     

潮汐河口泥沙物理模型设计方法

潮汐河口水流系一典型的非恒定往复流，水沙运动、泥沙模型的设计远较河流模型复杂，许多问题尚无定论。本文论述了潮汐河口各类泥沙模型的相似律，指出了各类泥沙模型选沙的主要原则和时间变态的处理方法。     

Distribution of Diatoms in Lake Superior Sediments

Four maps showing semiquantitative abundance patterns of diatoms throughout Lake Superior were made by examination of 170 cores at sediment depths of 0–1, 10, 20, and 50 cm. These maps show a decrease in diatom abundance with sediment depth and an absence of diatoms in most open-lake sediments. Diatoms in surficial sediments are most abundant in Jive regions in Lake Superior: Thunder Bay, Keweenaw Bay, the Thunder Bay and northshore troughs, and a region to the southwest of Isle Royale. Only three of these five regions still show relatively abundant diatoms at the 50-cm sediment depth. Diatom abundance in the sediments is positively correlated with sedimentation rates, water depth, and proximity to shore. Nearshore deep-water troughs act as depositional traps for diatoms in western Lake Superior and Keweenaw Bay. Later transport of diatoms by waves and currents generally erases any relationship between diatom abundance in the sediments and diatom biomass in the overlying water. Diatom abundances at 10- and 20-cm depths correlate positively with sedimentation rates, suggesting that biogenous and terrigenous components are eroded, transported, and redeposited as a mixture, rather than being hydraulically separated. Diatoms are abundant at 0–1 cm in regions of both low and high sedimentation rates.     

1960年前黄河下游河槽淤积物粒径组成分析

利用1999年汛前深层钻孔取样资料和历年淤积实测大断面资料分析出1960年前无三门峡水库影响的“自然”水沙情况下,下游河道主槽淤积物中d≥0.1 mm以上泥沙占50.7%,比1960-1999年大30个百分点,这种泥沙在下游的淤积比高达83.1%,比0.05 mm以上泥沙的淤积比高39个百分点。指出应在黄河中游寻找出0.1 mm以上的粗泥沙集中来源区作为近期水土保持的重点区域。     

宾汉极限切应力的研究

本文对含沙高浓度流体的极限含沙浓度、刚度系数和宾汉极限切应力进行了理论和试验研究，得出了相应的计算式。各计算式均得到试验资料的验证，尤其是得到了轻质沙－电木粉试验资料的验证，且吻合良好。     

Reservoir sedimentation and mitigation measures

The biggest threat to reservoirs after their construction, which can reduce their capacity, life cycle and water quality, is sediments carried inflowing streams. The sediment volumes in four reservoirs in Central Macedonia, Greece, were measured in this study. These measurements indicated the study reservoirs are under serious threat from sedimentation. Appropriate measures to protect these newly formed reservoirs from sedimentation also are proposed.     

Prediction of sediment inflows to Angereb dam reservoir using the SRH‐1D sediment transport model

Angereb Dam, located in Ethiopia, was constructed in early 1994 as a water supply for the town of Gondar up to the year 2020. The reservoir could not achieve this objective, however, because of significant sedimentation problems. Accordingly, one objective of this study was to simulate the historical reservoir sedimentation pattern, as well as predict the near future (until 2015) sedimentation pattern of Angereb Reservoir. The Sedimentation and River Hydraulics one‐dimensional model (SRH‐1D), version 2.6, was used for this purpose. Another objective was to propose possible mitigation measures to reduce the quantity and rate of sedimentation in the reservoir. There was generally good agreement between measurements and model simulations, with the observed trends being well simulated. The exception was that the model tended to overpredict the sediment deposition volumes in the upstream reaches of the reservoir. The two mitigation alternatives for addressing the sedimentation problem, namely managing sediments in the watershed and flushing sediment through the dam bottom outlet, appear to be technically feasibility, with a predicted reduction of the volume of deposited sediment between 63 and 80% be achievable.     

粘性细颗粒泥沙絮团发育与絮网发育临界判据的初步研究

单颗粒沉降、絮团发育沉降、絮网压缩沉降是粘性细颗粒泥沙悬浮体系絮凝发育的三种不同相态,其中关于从絮团发育沉降转变到絮网压缩沉降这一临界状态的研究比较少见.本文从特征絮团的角度出发,考虑形成絮网的临界状态分别得出了静水、动水不同条件下区分絮团发育与絮网发育的临界判据,其分析结果与试验观察定性的一致.     

Sediment distribution and its impacts on Hirakud Reservoir (India) storage capacity

Construction of dams causes reduced flow velocities, inducing gradual deposition of sediments carried by the inflowing stream, and resulting in sedimentation and ultimately diminishing reservoir storage capacity. This study focuses on sedimentation of Hirakud Reservoir in Odisha, India, using available reservoir capacity and numerical simulation data. Reduced trap efficiency, observed and projected capacity curves, rising reservoir bed level and the capacities of the different storage zones for various projected years are analysed. The area‐reduction method indicates the loss in the live, gross and dead storage will be 58%, 63% and 100%, respectively, of their original capacities by 2057, which represents 100 years of impounding of water in the reservoir. If the present sediment inflow rate continues without regular flushing of the deposited sediment, it is predicted the reservoir bed level will rise to the full reservoir level of 192.02 m by the year 2110. Brune's trap efficiency and step method indicate the gross storage zone of Hirakud Reservoir will be completely depleted by the end of 2110, with the trap efficiency reduced to zero. The empirical area‐reduction method is found to be more suitable for determining the storage capacities of Hirakud Reservoir in the absence of sedimentation survey data. An attempt was also made to solve the combined hydrodynamic and sediment transport equations numerically to predict morphological changes in Hirakud Reservoir. The finite‐element code TELEMAC‐2D and finite‐volume code for SISYPHE, respectively, were applied to solve the above set of equations in order to predict the bed profiles at different reservoir cross sections for the period of 1958–2008. Analysis of the simulated results demonstrates that, considering the model inputs, the model performs well in simulating the morphology and dynamic characteristics of a reservoir. Projection of the numerical results indicates a complete loss of reservoir operational life due to sedimentation by around 2150.     

深圳湾泥沙淤积预测及其影响研究

深圳湾长期呈现累积性淤积状态。根据深圳湾历史演变规律的分析,建立了深圳湾的平面二维非恒定、不平衡输沙模型,对深圳湾未来50年内的演变趋势进行了预测,提出了淤积量、淤积分布的规律,分析了淤积导致的水动力条件的变化,在此基础上分析了泥沙淤积对深圳湾水系防洪排涝、水环境容量、生态环境和航道水深等方面的影响。     

Impact of sedimentation on groundwater recharge at Sahalanowt Dam,Salalah, Oman

Recharge dams in Oman detain floods to recharge groundwater. The impact of sedimentation on recharge at Wadi Sahalanowt Recharge Dam, in Salalah, Oman, was evaluated using field data and numerical modelling. Analysis of the thickness of sediments after flood events shows that maximum depositions were at the same locations after each event, coinciding with the lowest positions in the wadi. Numerical modelling suggests that the current practice of periodic removal of sediments will restore the storage capacity of the reservoir, but that ploughing or raking of the underlying native sedimentary rocks could be required to significantly improve infiltration rates.