污水有机碳源和电子受体对除磷的影响

考察厌氧-缺氧SBR(A2SBR)工艺中主导生化反应过程及聚磷污泥的特性,为反硝化除磷脱氮工艺的应用提供运行控制参数.在稳定运行的A2SBR系统进水中分别投加NaAC和葡萄糖作为碳源,进行对比试验.结果表明,进水中的有机物越容易降解,反硝化除磷菌(DPB)厌氧释磷速率越快,后续的缺氧吸磷效果也越好.同时通过静态试验考察了不同浓度CODCr、NO3--N、不同类型电子受体对DPB反硝化除磷效果的影响.结果表明,进水CODCr为300 mg/L、NO3--N为60mg/L时反硝化除磷效果最佳,同时缺氧段瞬时投加NO3--N利于驯化DPB对NO2--N的适应性,可以实现DPB利用不同类型的电子受体进行吸磷作用.     

双污泥回流A~2/O工艺在低温下的脱氮除磷效果

在温度为9~16℃的低温条件下,考察了双污泥回流A2/O工艺系统处理低C/N城市污水的脱氮除磷特性。试验结果表明:在低温处理低C/N城市污水时,将A2/O工艺改良为双污泥回流系统,通过富集反硝化除磷菌(DPB)和强化缺氧吸磷等方法,取得了良好的同步脱氮除磷效果。当水温为12~16℃,缺氧池DO为0.2~0.4mg/L时,进水TN、NH3—N和TP平均分别为47.44mg/L、37.50mg/L和6.01mg/L时,系统出水TN、NH3—N和TP平均分别为12.81mg/L、2.75mg/L和0.37mg/L,去除率分别为72.99%、92.66%和93.90%,当水温为9~12℃时,系统对TN、NH3—N和TP去除效果下降,不能达到预定的去除目标。系统对COD去除效果良好,进水COD平均为253.59mg/L,出水为26.85mg/L,平均去除率为89.41%。     

污水处理厂反硝化除磷研究及实践

结合苏州娄江污水处理厂生产运行实践,研究了改良型一体化交替反应池在实现良好反硝化除磷条件下的运行工况.实践表明,提高反硝化除磷的关键是要有充足的硝酸盐氮为反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)提供电子受体,当NO-2N浓度在5 mg/L以上时,可以实现较好的反硝化除磷;当SRT为12～14 d时,反硝化除磷和系统脱氮除磷效果最好,生物除磷运行成本较低.此外,进水COD/TP、好氧池DO、厌氧池MLSS以及SRT也是影响一体化反应池生物除磷的主要因素.针对雨季低负荷运行除磷效果不理想的现象,提出了相应的工况运行措施.     

研究生论文摘要

亚硝酸型硝化的控制与反硝化除磷影响因子的研究研究生:陈鸣岐导师:任南琪(哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院150090)反硝化除磷脱氮双泥工艺(Anaerobic-Anoxic/Nitrification,A2N)是以控制水体富营养化为目的的脱氮除磷新工艺,工艺中包括好氧SBR反应器和厌氧/缺氧SBR反应器。以模拟生活污水为处理对象,分别进行了厌氧/缺氧SBR间歇试验和好氧SBR的连续流试验,为下一阶段运行A2N动态试验提供运行参数的参考范围。在厌氧/缺氧SBR间歇试验中,采用厌氧/缺氧交替运行方式培养驯化反硝化聚磷污泥,结论如下:(1)当厌氧段的pH分别为8、7.5、7…     

一体式连续流A/O-MBR脱氮除磷试验研究

采用一体式厌氧/好氧膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)处理模拟生活污水,溶解氧(DO)浓度分别控制在小于0.7mg/L,1±0.3mg/L,2±0.3mg/L和大于0.3mg/L下,以DO为2±0.3mg/L时,反应器对污染物的去除能力最强,COD、NH4+-N、TN、PO43--P的去除率分别可达91.4%,89.6%,88.7%和92.3%。在该DO条件下,对C/N和C/P对污染物去除效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明:当进水C/N在14～24之间C/P在70～120之间变化时,氨氮及总氮去除率随着C/N的增大而增大,而对COD及磷的影响不大。当进水C/N=8,C/P=40时,脱氮效果明显下降。说明即使控制适宜的溶解氧,在碳源不足的情况下对氮也无法达到较好的去除,表明碳源是否充足是影响同步硝化反硝化的关键因素。     

预处理—A/O~2—混凝沉淀处理化工园区高氨氮废水

某大型化工集团园区废水处理厂采用A/O2工艺.因受进水中S2-、C2H2、As、Ca2+、CN-等抑制物质及大量无机颗粒的影响及冲击,导致出水氨氮高达56.6 mg/L(实际进水TKN 70.7 mg/L),远未达到氨氮≤20 mg/L的要求.在进行多种工艺比较试验的基础上,提出了分流去除抑制物质及SS的预处理措施,改变并优化现状处理工艺,形成以预处理-A/O2-混凝沉淀为主体的改造中试工艺路线.运行结果表明,当进水平均CODCr 1 000 mg/L、TKN 124 mg/L时,出水CODCr＜80 mg/L、氨氮＜15 mg/L,达到设计要求.     

污染水体原位就地修复技术的研究以及在温榆河污染治理上的应用

采用污染水体原位就地修复技术处理温榆河支流二道沟河水,试验结果表明当水与载体的有效接触时间为1.25h、进水CODCr为55.4～180.5mg/L、出水CODCr为28.15mg/L、进水氨氮为18.26~30.81mg/L和出水氨氮为6.31mg/L时,各项水质指标除总氮外都达到应有的设计水质标准。     

低碳城市污水反硝化除磷若干影响因素的试验研究

广州地区城市污水碳量严重偏低、碳氮磷比例失调,其同步脱氮除磷一直是个难题,为此以SBR法进行反硝化除磷影响因素的试验研究.试验表明:缺氧段硝酸盐负荷决定反硝化吸磷效果,在硝酸盐足量情况下,缺氧除磷率达到99.4%.通过对ORP与pH的在线监测发现,ORP无法作为缺氧吸磷过程的控制参数,pH可以指示缺氧吸磷情况.以亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体研究发现,15 mg/L以下的亚硝酸盐氮可以作为电子受体进行吸磷作用,当亚硝酸盐氮浓度达到23.8 mg/L时,反硝化吸磷受到了明显的抑制;厌氧初始pH在6～8变化时,厌氧释磷量随着pH的升高而增加,pH变化只影响厌氧释磷量,不影响释磷速率.缺氧初始pH降到6时,反硝化吸磷效果变差,缺氧段pH偏碱性条件下,反硝化除磷仍能够稳定进行.     

清潭污水处理厂一级A提标改造工程脱氮除磷特性分析

结合清潭污水处理厂一级A提标改造工程实例,通过全流程生产性测试和主要功能单元的模拟试验,对回流污泥内源反硝化强化环沟型改良A2/O工艺的脱氮除磷特性进行了分析。结果表明,回流污泥内源反硝化池HRT为3.2h时,内源反硝化NO-3—N去除量为9.6mg/L,污泥内源反硝化速率为0.68mgNO-3—N/(gVSS·h);在进水COD/TN为3.3的条件下,工艺脱氮能力高达35mg/L,回流污泥内源反硝化池、缺氧池和生物同化作用对工艺脱氮的贡献率分别为27.4%、44%和28.6%。通过将初沉池改造为回流污泥内源反硝化池,工艺脱氮能力提高37.8%;在进水PO3-4浓度均值为3.22mg/L时,好氧池出水PO3-4可达0.3mg/L以下,厌氧池厌氧释磷作用显著,PO3-4释放量高达8.3mg/L,污泥厌氧释磷速率为9.68mgPO3-4/(gVSS·h)。     

厌氧接触-好氧MBR工艺处理豆制品废水

采用厌氧接触—好氧MBR工艺处理豆制品废水。工程实践表明,进水CODCr为3500～4500mg/L,BOD5为2000～2400mg/L,NH3—N为30～40mg/L时,出水CODCr为30～45mg/L,BOD5为10～15mg/L,NH3—N为2～3mg/L,达到《上海市污水综合排放标准》(DB31/199—1997)二级标准。     

DO对短程同步硝化反硝化除磷工艺的影响

针对碳源偏低的城市污水,采用序批式活性污泥法研究D0对短程同步硝化反硝化除磷工艺的影响,同时对短程同步硝化反硝化和反硝化除磷的机理进行探讨。试验表明：控制DO浓度可在同一个反应器内既实现短程同步硝化反硝化反应又达到反硝化除磷的效果。综合考虑COD、NHg—N、TN、TP的出水浓度达到一级A排放标准,得出最佳的D0控制范围。当D0浓度在0．5～1．0mg／LU时．COD的去除率达到93％～94％,Nil,＋一N的去除率为97％～98％,TN的去除率达到85％一96％,TP的去除率为91％～93％。     

两段ABR—A/O工艺在高浓度硫酸盐制药废水处理中的应用

在高浓度硫酸盐制药废水的厌氧处理中,硫酸盐还原菌通过竞争性与非竞争性抑制影响产甲烷菌的活性和生长率。采用两段ABR-A/O组合工艺处理含高浓度硫酸盐制药废水。结果表明:系统稳定运行后,进水CODCr为10500～15000mg/L,SO42-为1000～1500mg/L时,CODCr、SO42-去除率分别达到98%和92%,出水各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准。     

水解酸化-好氧移动床膜生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水的试验研究

好氧移动床膜生物反应器(M-CMCBR)是生物膜法与微滤膜相结合的一种新型反应器。采用水解酸化-好氧移动床膜生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水和含酚废水。试验结果表明:此工艺可以提高难降解有机废水的可生化性,继而得到较好的出水水质。进水CODCr为3000～5000mg/L时,最终膜出水CODCr为30～90mg/L,总去除率为98.5%～99.5%。     

A novel wastewater treatment process: simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal.

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via the nitrite pathway and anaerobic-anoxic enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) are two processes that can significantly reduce the COD demand for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The combination of these two processes has the potential of achieving simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal with a minimal requirement for COD. A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated in alternating anaerobic-aerobic mode with a low dissolved oxygen concentration (DO, 0.5 mg/L) during the aerobic period, and was demonstrated to accomplish nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal. Under anaerobic conditions, COD was taken up and converted to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), accompanied with phosphorus release. In the subsequent aerobic stage, PHA was oxidized and phosphorus was taken up to less than 0.5 mg/L at the end of the cycle. Ammonia was also oxidised during the aerobic period, but without accumulation of nitrite or nitrate in the system, indicating the occurrence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. However, off-gas analysis found that the final denitrification product was mainly nitrous oxide (N2O) not N2. Further experimental results demonstrated that nitrogen removal was via nitrite, not nitrate. These experiments also showed that denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms rather than denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms were responsible for the denitrification activity.     

Biological phosphorus removal with nitrite as election acceptor.

Biological phosphorus removal was studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that nitrite could be used as electron acceptor in denitrifying phosphorus removal. Feed mode of nitrite had significant influence on denitrifying phosphorus removal. Anoxic phosphorus assimilation rate could reach 10.44 mgP/gSS.h and the percentage of anoxic phosphorus assimilation amount was more than 97% with continuous feed mode. Granular sludge with denitrifying phosphorus removal activity was found in the SBR. The effects of different operational conditions, such as COD loading, settling time, HRT etc., on the formation of granules were also studied.     

污染河道水质强化脱氮生化工艺研究

应用生化工艺对河道污染水体进行修复是目前最经济的一条途径,但其面临的一个突出问题是在生物脱氮过程中可利用碳源不足,从而影响其处理效果。本研究采用分段进水生物接触氧化工艺来强化受污染水脱氮性能,与传统单点进水方式相比,两段进水对有机物和总氮去除率有显著提升,CODMn平均去除率从50.6%提升到66.3%;总氮平均去除率从31.4%提升到60.9%。沿程统计硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量,硝化细菌主要集中在曝气区,数量为5.58×106,反硝化细菌主要集中在非曝气区的中后段,数量为6.49×105。同时检测沿程溶解氧和各氮素浓度,溶解氧浓度沿程降低,最后出水仅为0.2 mg/L;氨氮在曝气区转化为硝态氮,在非曝气区硝态氮还原成氮气,其结果进一步证实了硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的分布特征。     

Fenton氧化法深度处理制革废水生化出水试验研究

采用Fenton氧化法深度处理以制革废水为主的园区生化处理出水,试验表明:影响Fenton氧化的因素从大到小依次为H2O2投加量、Fe2+浓度、pH、反应时间。当进水CODCr平均为116.6mg/L时,在H2O2投加量50mmol/L、Fe2+投加量10mmol/L、pH为3、反应时间60min的最佳条件下,出水CODCr平均为31.7mg/L;在H2O2投加量25mmol/L、Fe2+投加量7.5mmol/L、pH为5、反应时间40min的经济运行条件下,出水CODCr平均为46.6mg/L。经济条件下的运行成本比最佳条件下的运行成本可节约2.3元/m3。     

梯田式人工湿地处理生活污水的初步研究

针对山丘坡地的自然环境特点,提出构建梯田式人工湿地处理生活污水的方法,并通过实验装置对梯田式人工湿地处理生活污水的效果进行了初步研究。结果表明:当CODCr、NH4+-N、TP的进水质量浓度变化范围在182.3~286.7 mg/L、32.91~59.28 mg/L、1.23~3.05 mg/L时,其平均去除率分别为86.52%、80.5%、96.16%,出水质量浓度分别低于30mg/L、10mg/L、0.1mg/L;湿地基质中硝化菌、反硝化菌数量变化范围分别为1.5万~420万MPN/g、30万~1 860万MPN/g。与常规人工湿地相比,梯田式人工湿地具有较强的污染物去除能力,特别是具有高效的脱氮除磷效果。     

Improvement of denitrification by denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria using sequentially combined carbon.

The effects of sequentially combined carbon (SCC) using a symbiotic relationship of methanol and acetic acid on biological nutrient removal were investigated in both the continuous bench scale process consisting of an anoxic, an aerobic and a final settling tank and intensive batch tests. Compared to the use of respective sole carbon sources, methanol and acetic acid, the use of SCC showed superior removal efficiency of nitrogen (98.3%) and phosphorus (approximately 100%). Furthermore, the use of SCC enhanced simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus uptake by denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria (DPB), resulting in the highest specific denitrification rate (SDNR) of 0.252 g NO3-N/g VSS/d achieved from the first anoxic zone with methanol of 30 mg COD/I. From batch tests performed under carbon limited anoxic conditions, 1 g of nitrate was used by DPB for P-uptake of 1.19 g. According to this result, 0.205 g NO3-N/g VSS/d was accomplished by normal denitrifiers using methanol, and 0.047 g NO3-N/g VSS/d was achieved by DPB. This research also demonstrated that the increase of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) stored by phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) could be of importance in improving aerobic denitrification. The use of SCC produced the highest P-release in the anoxic zone, indicating the amount of PHB would be higher compared to the use of other sole carbons. Therefore, the SCC could be a very effective carbon source for the enhancement of aerobic denitrification as well.     

Simulation of denitrification in groundwater from Chaohu Lake Catchment,China

The eutrophication of Chaohu Lake in China is mainly attributed to nitrate inflow from non-point sources in the lake catchment. In this study,biological nitrate reduction from groundwater in the Chaohu Lake Catchment was investigated under laboratory conditions in a continuous upflow reactor. Sodium acetate served as the carbon source and electron donor. Results showed that a carbon-to-nitrogen(C/N) molar ratio of 3:1 and hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 8 d could achieve the most rapid nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N) depletion(from 100 mg/L to 1 mg/L within120 h). This rate was confirmed when field groundwater was tested in the reactor, in which a NO_3~--N removal rate of 97.71% was achieved(from60.35 mg/L to 1.38 mg/L within 120 h). Different levels of the initial NO_3~--N concentration(30, 50, 70, and 100 mg/L) showed observable influence on the denitrification rates, with an overall average NO_3~--N removal efficiency of 98.25% at 120 h. Nitrite nitrogen(NO_2~--N)accumulated in the initial 12 h, and then kept decreasing, until it reached 0.0254 mg/L at 120 h. Compared with the initial value, there was a slight accumulation of 0.04 mg/L for the ammonia nitrogen(NH4-N) concentration in the effluent, which is, however, less than the limit value.These results can provide a reference for evaluating performance of denitrification in situ.