Hybrid Constructed Wetland Selection as a Group Decision-Making Problem

Water Resources Management - This paper proposes a framework based on the group analytic hierarchy process for identifying most desirable technologies for constructed wetland segmentation. A method...     

轮台县塔勒克引水枢纽及两岸干渠改扩建工程

塔勒克引水枢纽及干渠经过长时间的使用,出现了砌石中所灌砂浆局部段被冲毁、部分渠段滑塌、渗漏严重等问题。因此,需要对塔勒克引水枢纽及干渠进行改扩建,以提高引水保证率、输水效率,减少水量渗漏损失,从而高效、安全地向阳霞灌区输水,提高灌区农业灌溉保证率和水的利用率,增加作物产量和农业收入。     

Exploring and Evaluating Scenarios for a River Catchment in Northern Australia Using Scenario Development,Multi-criteria Analysis and a Deliberative Process as a Tool for Water Planning

Water catchments worldwide are experiencing increasing pressure on the quantity and quality of ground and surface water resources. Water managers are increasingly consulting community and stakeholder groups to ensure their decisions reflect the values and preferences of water users. Growing tensions between different water users require the use of techniques that can enable stakeholders to learn about each others’ positions and deliberate about the costs and benefits of alternative water allocation scenarios. This paper describes the use of scenario development, a small group deliberative process (citizens’ jury) and multi-criteria analysis to assist in water planning for the Howard River catchment in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. Water planning processes in the NT are in their infancy. As such, this research provides information about stakeholder preferences where none was previously available and demonstrates the use of a new water planning tool. The research found that the process in this case was most useful in providing information to stakeholders, dispelling some unhelpful myths about water use in the catchment, and coalescing opinion about important criteria for assessing future options.     

Quantitative systems analysis as a strategic planning approach for metropolitan water service providers.

Sydney Water selected life cycle assessment (LCA) to inform a review of its overall strategic planning document: WaterPlan 21. This assessment covered the entire business and has enabled ecological sustainability to be assessed in terms of quantitative indicators. The LCA was performed by firstly examining a base case which would eventuate if Sydney Water maintained its current operations with only the modifications, augmentations and upgrades planned for implementation between now and 2021. We then performed a number of scenario analyses to examine the benefits of additional demand management, energy efficiency, energy generation, supply augmentation and effluent quality initiatives. The results indicated significant improvements are available and that some of these measures are more desirable than others. We also examined a scenario for the alternative delivery of water and wastewater services in new urban areas. This showed quantitatively that, since connecting new fringe suburbs to the existing system requires significant expenditure on energy for pumping, major improvements in the sustainability of water and wastewater systems can be achieved by using localised, water-saving alternatives.     

Application of a Coordination Model for a Large Number of Stakeholders with a New Game Theory Model

Water Resources Management - Water allocation is an important issue for systems with multiple stakeholders. Individual and collective decisions are very important for such systems. Thus, a new...     

水利工程的风险体现及管理——以小浪底水利工程实践为例

通过系统介绍水利工程中存在的各种风险及相应的风险控制举措，并结合我国大型的水利工程——小浪底国际水利工程的实例，探讨了在大型水利工程中应注意哪些风险，并怎样及时采取应对措施以控制和降低风险。     

Bayesian Rating Curve Inference as a Streamflow Data Quality Assessment Tool

A streamflow time-series is normally obtained by transforming a time-series of recorded stage to discharge using an estimated rating curve. The accuracy of this streamflow time-series depends on the characteristics of the available stage-discharge measurements used to fit the rating curve. The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) has developed a method based on rating curve uncertainty for performing objective quality assessment of streamflow time-series. The method, which is based on a Bayesian statistical framework, uses the available stage-discharge measurements and the corresponding stage time-series to derive statistics utilised for a quality assurance of the streamflow time-series. Nearly one thousand streamflow time-series periods have been classified using the method. This paper presents the results.     

Water as a Human Right: Towards Civil Society Globalization

This paper aims to shed some light on the meaning and implications of the notion of water as a human right. The transformations of how water was viewed and acknowledged in the 20th century are addressed in light of globalization and the emergence of the concept of water as a social good with an economic value. The relevance of ‘water as a human right’ to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will be discussed. Water governance and its implications on human rights are discussed to demonstrate the necessity for strengthening water governance models and set-ups to ensure the appropriate implementation of water as a human right. Conclusions and recommendations are outlined with an emphasis on the value of seeing the synergies in the three-global visions which are water for people, food and nature.     

加快修订《水管财会制度》适应水管体制改革新要求

推进水利工程管理体制改革,要解决改制后水管单位执行何种何类财务会计制度问题.通过对实行了10余年的<水利工程管理单位财务制度>和<水利工程管理单位会计制度>的优点及不足的分析,对改制后不同类型的水管单位如何适应改制的需要、重建财会关系提出了分析,对修订<水管财会制度>提出了建议.     

The United Nations Concept of Water as a Human Right: A New Paradigm for Old Problems?

Water history reveals millennia-old struggles over the ownership of water, the pollution and depletion of water sources, and conflicting water uses. What is new is the scale of these problems, particularly access to water for the poorest of the poor. This paper discusses the various conceptual responses to the water problématique, including the commodity, public and social approaches. The human rights aspects of the latter are analysed in some detail in light of the recent General Comment on the Right to Water by a United Nations body. The paper argues that countries have international legal obligations, to respect, protect and fulfil this right without discrimination, that carry clear implications for policy and practice. While the report does not argue that this human right requires the complete decommodification of water or that it provides a ‘magic bullet’ solution, it seeks to show the benefits of a human rights approach and provides some suggestions for implementing the right at the local, national and international levels.     

Real Options Analysis as an Economic Evaluation Method for Rainwater Harvesting Systems

Water Resources Management - Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs) are increasingly employed to reduce the impact of water scarcity in urban buildings. Implementation depends on their financial...     

大柳树灌区作为国家商品粮后备基地可行性研究

论证了大柳树水利枢纽周边灌区作为国家商品粮后备基地的需求与可行性.通过对土地资源潜力、开发前景和未来水土资源匹配态势的系统分析,以及其周边区域对粮食的需求的探讨,认为在大柳树水利枢纽工程和南水北调工程建成后,可以保证新增的(150～200)×103hm2粮食播种面积自流和低扬程灌溉的水源,从而满足增产100×104t以上粮食的目的.     

Predicting and Forecasting Mine Water Parameters Using a Hybrid Intelligent System

Water Resources Management - Water treatment plants need to stock chemicals and have enough energy as well as human resources to operate reliably. To avoid a process interruption, proper planning...     

Representing Local Dynamics of Water Resource Systems through a Data-Driven Emulation Approach

Water Resources Management - Water resource systems are under enormous pressures globally. To diagnose and quantify potential vulnerabilities, effective modeling tools are required to represent the...     

Assessment of a Web-Based Water Information System Performance in the Context of Groundwater Governance

Water Resources Management - Portugal recently faced a severe financial crisis that led to the suspension of funding for water monitoring programmes of the Portuguese National Water Resources...     

Workshop 5 (synthesis): water pollution abatement as related to ecosystem protection.

Water pollution exerts major stress on water systems and the challenge is to ensure security in river basins for both water-dependent activities and for the aquatic ecosystems. The workshop focused on protection of good ecological status, quality criteria, priorities for action, and on achievement of sustainable improvements. The three keynote speakers presented the concept applied in the EU Water Framework Directive, the need for a multi-stakeholder collaboration in order to reach a good ecological status of waters and a concrete example of interactive planning of water protection measures in a transboundary lake. The additional paper presentations addressed specific pollution problems in catchments, the effect of environmental user fees and ecosystem indicators.     

Analysis of the Water-Food-Energy Nexus and Water Competition Based on a Bayesian Network

Water Resources Management - Water competition is a key issue in the study of the water-food-energy nexus (WFEN), which can affect water, food, and energy security and can generate notable...     

再论南水北调中线工程应尽早开工建设

对我国水资源分析和华北地区缺水分析，阐述了实现我国国民经济可持续发展战略，实施南水北调中线工程的迫切性和必要性，并针对当前中线工程的一些争议问题，如水量水质，调蓄，投资等方面阐明了笔者观点，期望南水北调中线工程尽早决策实施。     

Aquatic invertebrate surveys as a water quality management tool in the Anglian Water region

The benefits of utilizing biological data in managing water quality are discussed, and the drawbacks and restrictions of traditional methods used to summarize and present biological results, are briefly outlined. Recent work in the Anglian Water region has led to the development of the Lincoln Quality Index, and this method overcomes some of these problems, enabling biological data to be usefully incorporated into environmental management programmes. Examples are given to show how the technique can assist in detecting and determining the significance of intermittent and shock pollution loads. The impact of deteriorating sewage effluent quality is also considered in some detail. The adoption of the Lincoln Quality Index method offers the opportunity for substantial cost savings, as well as allowing water quality surveillance programmes to be undertaken with increased flexibility. Areas where further work would be beneficial are finally identified.     

Water quality assessment at a global scale: a comparison between world regions

This paper examines the state of global drinking water quality using the Global Drinking Water Quality Index (GDWQI) for freshwater ecosystems. We compared the state of water quality in the five major world regions over 30 years by using a database provided by the GEMS/Water Programme of the United Nations Environment Program Global Environment Monitoring System. This global monitoring database is unique in the world and consists of raw, real data, not modelled data as is typical for many global water assessments. Our findings confirm the applicability of the GDWQI to better communicate changes in water quality trends and therefore help to improve decision-making processes worldwide.