建平县拟建水源地地下水储存量与补给量计算

辽宁省建平县青峰山乡拟建水源地,文章依据现场勘探孔的资料和抽水试验资料,选择适合的计算方法,通过参数计算,均衡区确定,计算得到该水源地范围内地下水储存量为235.8万m~3/a。同时,通过对该开采区地下水径流量、降水补给量、地下水消耗量的计算,采用水均衡法,计算得到50%、75%和95%保证率下的地下水补给量分别为406.3万m~3/a、347.8万m~3/a、289.2万m~3/a,均衡差分别为381.4万m~3/a、322.9万m~3/a、264.3万m3/a。该结果为水源地开发、水资源科学合理的开发利用提供了理论依据和数据支持。     

万家寨水库蓄水后天桥泉域岩溶水资源量变化分析

天桥泉域在万家寨水库蓄水之后自然条件改变,使泉域边界和范围发生了变化.在深入调查分析天桥泉域岩溶水资源现状的基础上,对泉域边界和范围重新进行圈定,并根据流域和水文地质条件的差异性对泉域进行了分区.采用区内典型雨量站多年长系列观测资料对泉域内天然补给资源进行分析计算,利用泉域内钻孔资料、抽水试验资料对泉域内储存资源量进行分析计算,计算了降水频率为75%的开采资源量.可为泉域内岩溶地下水的开发利用提供参考.     

郭庄泉域岩溶水资源评价及保护研究

为确保郭庄泉域岩溶水资源的可持续开发利用,必须对岩溶水资源进行评价及保护。采用理论频率法对郭庄泉域岩溶水可开采资源量进行了评价,结合泉域实际提出了泉域岩溶水资源保护对策,研究成果可为郭庄泉域岩溶水资源管理和可持续利用提供参考。     

兰村泉域岩溶地下水位动态变化趋势分析

应用基于分形理论的R/S分析法,从非线性的角度研究太原市兰村泉域岩溶地下水水位的动态变化趋势。以兰村S1观测孔1954—2011年的年均水位资料为基础,针对泉域地下水位变化的阶段性特征,将水位时间序列分为3段,分别计算各段的Hurst值,并结合泉域岩溶地下水的循环条件分析水位动态变化趋势。结果表明,在未来兰村泉域岩溶水开采量变化不大的情况下,其水位下降趋势将逐渐变缓。     

银川平原地下水模拟中山前侧向补给量的确定

地下水数值模型中边界侧向补给量的精确性是决定模型可靠性的重要因素,进而也影响地下水数值模拟结果和预报结果的可靠性。为提高银川平原地下水数值模拟的精度,采用水文分析法提取贺兰山东麓子流域面积,由前人不完整统计的雨洪量与子流域面积资料,类比推算贺兰山东麓雨洪水入渗量,并与遥感计算结果进行对比验证,结果表明:基于流域水文分析的计算结果为4 828.3万m~3/a,基于遥感的计算结果为6 208.6万m~3/a,取二者平均值5 518.5万m~3/a作为地下水模型中山前侧向补给量。     

嫩江洮儿河流域中下游河道输水损失评价

嫩江支流洮儿河流域中游察尔森水库向下游灌区供水过程中,由于途经洮儿河扇形地,河床沉积物具有较强的渗透性,导致输水损失量很大,严重影响了水库和下游灌区灌溉效益的发挥。采用水量平衡和地下水动力学2种方法计算洮儿河流域察尔森水库至洮南水文站河段输水损失量,并对结果进行了对比分析。分析表明:察尔森水库-洮南段河段多年平均河道损失量为3.89亿m~3/a,其中察尔森-镇西段多年平均河道损失量为1.10亿m~3/a,镇西-洮南河段多年平均河道损失量为2.79亿m~3/a;除个别年份存在差异外,两种方法的计算结果接近,建议察尔森水库调度运行管理采用水量平衡法的计算结果。     

吕梁市加快柳林泉域水资源保护立法调查

2016年6月,实测柳林泉水流量下降到0.6 m~3/s,低于规划保护目标的全年平均流量0.7 m~3/s的最低要求,泉域生态环境问题敲响了警钟。在深入调查研究的基础上,针对柳林泉开发利用中存在的一系列问题,呼吁加快柳林泉域水资源保护立法进程。     

内蒙古巴彦浩特水源地地下水资源评价

为了对内蒙古巴彦浩特水源地地下水资源状况进行评价,对水源地的地下水资源总量、可开采量及水质进行了计算和分析。结果表明:利用水均衡法计算得到巴彦浩特地下水总补给量为687.573万m3/a,总排泄量为728.673万m3/a,总补给量与总排泄量的差值为41.100万m3/a,占总排泄量的5.98%,计算结果与实际比较符合;采用开采系数法、抽水试验法、水位恢复法计算得出地下水可开采量分别为541.858万、596.758万、621.234万m3/a,选取最小值作为水源地可开采量;开采井的水混合后的水质分析表明,氯化物含量超标,供水过程中应对氯化物进行处理。     

龙子祠泉域岩溶水资源评价及保护研究

为确保龙子祠泉域岩溶水资源的可持续开发利用,采用排泄量法和理论频率法分别对龙子祠泉域岩溶水天然资源量和可开采资源量进行评价,并根据评价结果提出了泉域岩溶水资源保护对策,其研究成果可为龙子祠泉域岩溶水资源合理开发和利用提供参考。     

采煤和岩溶水开采对晋祠泉出流影响的随机模型分析

以晋祠泉域为例,在泉域驱动因素的基础上,将泉域岩溶水系统概化为一个多输入-双输出的系统,输入项为当年及前7 a的降水、岩溶水开采量和采煤排水量;输出项为晋祠泉总排泄量,即出流量和侧排量。然后采用多元线性回归和BP神经网络2种随机模型,建立泉域各输出项与各输入项的关系,再假定无岩溶水开采和无采煤排水2种情景,在这2种情景下模拟泉域的排泄量,对比分析采煤和岩溶水开采对晋祠泉出流量的影响。研究结果表明采用多元线性回归模型,在1956—1994年多年平均条件下,岩溶水开采后晋祠泉排泄量减少0.42 m³/s,采煤排水后出流量减少0.23 m³/s,人类开采使总排泄量减少0.65 m³/s;采用BP神经网络模型,1956—1994年多年平均条件下,岩溶水开采后泉域排泄量减少0.30 m³/s,采煤排水后出流量减少0.27 m³/s,人类开采使总排泄量减少0.65 m³/s。20世纪80年代后采煤活动加剧,2种随机模型均反映出采煤排水对泉域有严重的影响。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

基于MIDAS软件探讨施工工序对深基坑稳定性的影响

基于武汉地铁名都站深基坑工程与水文地质勘察资料,建立了三维工程地质仿真计算模型。依据名都站深基坑开挖支护方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS的摩尔-库仑本构模型,对武汉地铁名都站深基坑施工过程中,不同施工工序下每步开挖之后,基坑的变形情况做仿真模拟计算,并对比分析其对基坑稳定性的影响。结果表明：基坑围护结构的变形情况与施工工序有很大的关系,施工工序越合理,上部土体变形越小,反之越大。因此,在基坑工程的施工过程中,要注重施工步骤的划分与合理安排,从而保证基坑工程的安全。研究成果为以后武汉地区基坑工程的施工设计提供了值得借鉴的经验。