黄壁庄水库副坝防渗墙施工泥浆系统设计

防渗墙施工泥浆的消耗量很大，在防渗墙工程造价中，泥浆占了很大比重。泥浆系统的合理设计充分考虑了对施工中产生的废浆，废水的回收处理及循环使用。该泥浆系统回收率达70％－80％，节省了费用。     

古洞口工程施工技术综述

本文对兴山古洞口面板坝工程所采用的施工技术和施工方法进行了综述，并针对施工过程中出现扔的难点出了相应的解决措施，可代同类工程施工借鉴。     

滑车峡RCC坝的设计施工及运行特性（上）

混凝土方量为７万ｍ＾３的澳大利亚滑车峡ＲＣＣ坝仅用了８个月时间就完成了勘测、设计和施工。此坝至今已运行数据年，未发生实质性的渗漏，也未进行过维修。本文简要地阐述了其设计和施工特点并就几个特殊方面进行了集中文化 述，如基础质量极差条件下的大坝设施和不设置堰或导流系统进行的大坝施工。     

水城水库副坝坝基专门工程地质问题勘察研究

水城水库副坝坝址区膨胀土出露面积达70％以上，施工前通过对坝基膨胀土不稳定性专门工程地质问题的补充勘察，提出了对坝基建基面进行优化和对坝基渗漏进行加强处理的建议。补充勘察成果经施工开挖揭示与实际地质情况基本相符。建基面优化后，节省了大量投资，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。     

黑泉水库上坝道路设计与施工

文针对黑泉水库工程的实际地形特点，对上坝道路的设计思路及施工要求进行了简要介绍。在实际应用中对道路设计进行优化，得出了结论，上坝道路的布置和施工是可行的。     

珊溪水库混凝土面板坝坝料填筑经济分析

珊溪水库混凝土面板堆石坝利用当地材料筑坝，其经济性在于建筑物开挖料能物尽所用，做好坝料开挖规划，进行合理的施工调度，提高建筑物开挖料的利用率，优化施工道路布置，确保坝料调运成本最低，从而降低施工成本。     

土方加高培厚工程中的技术管理工作

上方加高培厚工程虽比新建堤坝投资少，见效快，但施工条件艰苦，施工难度大，如管理不善，很容易出现塌陷、管涌，甚至清坝。一套完整的施工管理体系会在保质保量的前提下大大提高生产效率。下面谈谈我们的体会：I施工放样必须走在工程开工之前，可在临建时期进行，如施工段校长，可先放一单元施工段。主要有下列步骤：l，工测设临时控制水准点引测水准点是整个技术控制的关键一步，必须准确无误。土方加高培厚工程应有三级水准点。第一级为原始水准点，可向工程所在渠堤管理单位查询，一般埋设在渠堤沿线两侧。第二级水准点是将原始水准…     

坝内埋管和坝坡背管的比较

文章重点介绍了坝内管道布置方式，即坝内埋管和坝坡背管就框纽布置，结构设计及施工等方面进行了比较分析。     

丹江口左岸土石坝加高施工技术及质量控制

丹江口水利枢纽初期规模不能满足国民经济发展需要。鉴于“75．8”型洪水的经验教训，1979年水电部规划设计管理局审批，按10000a一遇洪水加20％修正值作为保坝校核洪水，坝前最高水位将达164m高程，土石坝需加高3m。从1984年2月至1997年8月，左岸土石坝已按3m加高设计，断面加高至162m，施工严格按规范和技术要求进行，质量控制严格。施工中出现的问题都进行了彻底处理，消除了枢纽了隐患，施工质量达到设计要求。     

尼尔基主坝碾压式沥青混凝土心墙施工技术

尼尔基工程主坝碾压式沥青混凝土心墙有效施工时间短、强度大、气候条件恶劣，前期防洪形势严峻。施工中，对配合比的确定，沥青混凝土制备、摊铺、碾压设备及工艺的选择都十分重视，而且对每层压实后的沥青混凝土均进行质量检验，创造了优良率100％的好成绩，为严寒地区碾压式沥青混凝土心墙施工积累了经验。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.