微污染湘江原水强化混凝处理工艺试验研究

针对株洲市自来水公司湘江水源水和出厂水水质 ,进行强化混凝试验研究。试验表明 ,采用高锰酸钾 粉末活性炭联用组合工艺 ,对老水厂改造 ,提高除污去浊效率 ,确实是一种经济有效的手段。高锰酸钾作为强氧化剂 ,降解有机物效果较理想 ,粉末活性炭对水中的小分子有机物有很好的吸附作用 ,有利于去色除味。两者组合同时用于常规净水工艺流程 ,使之协同作用 ,效果更为显著。当原水CODMn为 4 0 3mg/L ,浊度为 30NTU ,UV2 54为0 33,NH3 -N为 0 4 6mg/L时 ,投加聚合氯化铝 2 0mg/L ,沉淀水相应水质参数分别为 :2 72mg/L ,1 86NTU ,0 0 88,0 2 8mg/L ,去除率分别为 32 5 % ,93 8% ,73 3% ,39 1% ;采用高锰酸钾 粉末活性炭联用组合工艺 ,高锰酸钾投加量0 2mg/L ,聚合氯化铝投加量 2 0mg/L ,粉末活性炭投加量10mg/L ,沉淀水相应水质参数分别为 :1 87mg/L ,1 4 3NTU ,0 0 3,0 2 0mg/L ,而滤后水相应水质参数为 :0 93mg/L ,0 81NTU ,0 0 3,0 19mg/L ,去除率为 76 5 % ,97 3% ,90 9% ,5 8 7%。强化混凝正交试验表明 :助凝剂、混凝剂投加顺序即投加点以及高锰酸钾投加量 ,对UV2 54,NH3 -N及浊度去除均有显著影响。高锰酸钾与聚合氯化铝同时投加 ,30s后再投加粉末活性炭 ,效果最好。     

电凝聚对厨房废水处理的试验研究

采用电凝聚对厨房废水进行处理。通过改变电流密度、电解时间、沉淀时间等条件 ,进行了对废水中的COD ,浊度 ,NH3-N ,油 ,TP去除率的试验研究。当COD为 2 2 6 4mg/L ,油 15 5 4mg/L ,浊度 330 3NTU ,NH3-N 4 5mg/L ,TP 2 1 36mg/L时 ,在电流密度 2 0A/m2 ,沉淀时间 15min ,电解时间 10min的条件下 ,COD和氨氮去除率接近 70 % ,油的去除率达 90 %以上 ;对TP和浊度也有较好的去除效果     

活性炭+陶粒复合滤料的再生水深度处理试验研究

针对济南某水厂出水,采用混凝沉淀+臭氧+复合滤料生物滤池组合工艺,对城市再生水进行深度处理。在臭氧消耗量和反应时间分别为5 mg/L和10 min,空床停留时间(EBCT)为15 min的条件下,臭氧/复合填料生物滤池对浊度、CODMn、UV254、NH3-N、NO2--N的平均去除率分别为75.1%、48%、54.6%、83.1%、76.6%,出水水质分别降为:0.56NTU、3.1 mg/L、0.052 cm-1、0.37 mg/L、0.04 mg/L。     

SBR法处理制药废水的试验研究

采用SBR法处理制药废水。当进水CODCr为 2 4 0～ 110 0mg/L ,NH3-N为 14～ 55mg/L时 ,出水CODCr≤ 10 0mg/L ,NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ;CODCr的去除率 >90 % ,NH3-N的去除率 >70 %。     

粉末活牲炭回流技术去除原水中氨氮的研究

将含粉末活性炭(PAC)的沉淀池排泥水回流至原水进水处,延长PAC在系统中的停留时间,考察系统对氨氮、有机物和浊度的去除效果及去除氨氮的影响因素.结果表明,在温度为21～25℃,投炭量为50 mg/L条件下,系统第7～8天运行稳定,对氨氮、UV254和CODMn的去除率分别为40%、45%和60%左右,出水浊度在1 NTU左右,活性炭泥的生物量为130 nmolP/g左右.当活性炭泥回流比为6%,原水CODMn不超过10 mg/L,Ph为7～8,浊度不超过180 NTU时,对氨氮去除效果最好,为40%～50%,可应对原水氨氮浓度小于1 mg/L的情况.     

生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究

以小试规模研究了生物曝气滤池处理生活污水时对COD ,NH3-N的去除 ,在最佳工艺条件 (HRT =1 5 9h ,气水比 =7∶1)下 ,NH3-N的平均去除率为 74 2 % ,出水NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ,COD≤ 6 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 2 0mg/L ,SS≤ 2 0mg/L。探讨了COD负荷、NH3-N负荷、反冲洗和气水比对生物曝气滤池运行效果的影响     

抚顺污水处理厂活性污泥培养驯化与启动调试

抚顺污水处理厂是目前国内外已经投产、规模最大的采用DAT -IAT工艺的城市污水处理厂。在活性污泥培养驯化和启动调试过程中 ,有效地解决了低气温、低水温、进水营养源不足、污泥上浮和设备故障等问题。采用流态连续形方法 ,在平均气温为 6 5℃ ,反应器中水温 11～ 13℃的低温不利条件下 ,成功地进行了DAT -IAT工艺污水处理厂的活性污泥培养驯化和启动调试。培养驯化周期 30d左右 ,活性污泥絮体基本形成。出水BOD为 5 4～ 12 8mg/L ,去除率为 77 6 %～95 2 % ;COD为 39～ 94 5mg/L ,去除率为 2 9 5 %～ 86 3% ;SS为 9～ 19mg/L ,去除率为 6 4 7%～91 5 % ;NH3-N为 2 5～ 3 3mg/L ,去除率为 90 % ;TP为 1 1～ 1 2mg/L ,去除率为 6 4 7%～6 7 6 %。各项出水水质和能耗等指标达到了或优于设计目标。     

生物陶粒-微絮凝活性滤池工艺处理微污染原水的试验研究

采用生物陶粒 微絮凝活性滤池工艺对天津引滦水进行中试处理研究。结果表明 ,在水温为 7～ 2 5℃的条件下 ,该工艺对浊度 ,氨氮 ,CODMn,UV2 54 和叶绿素的平均去除率分别为 93 5 % ,6 2 5 % ,6 5 8% ,5 8 5 %和 77 0 %。该工艺在试验期间处理效果稳定 ,出水水质好 ,是一种经济有效、简单实用、具有很好发展前景的饮用水处理工艺     

高锰酸钾预氧化技术在宾川二水厂的应用

目前西部小城镇供水设施比较落后,水源水常出现季节性微污染,造成出厂水水质难以达到<生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006).宾川二水厂在常规处理工艺的基础上增加了高锰酸钾预氧化.生产试验结果表明高锰酸钾预氧化对原水的浊度、CODMn、UV254、氨氮、藻类有较好的去除效果.连续运行高锰酸钾预氧化对COI)Mn去除率保持在43%左右,对NH3-N去除率保持在40%左右.出厂水水质达到<生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006).     

载粉末活性炭过滤处理微污染原水的试验研究

载粉末活性炭(PAC)过滤集PAC吸附与过滤于一体,能够应用于微污染原水处理。配水试验结果表明:粒径为1.25-2.5mm,厚度为1000mm的聚苯乙烯滤料层能够用于载PAC过滤。影响过滤效果的主要因素为PAC载量和混凝剂投加量,当混凝剂T3010和聚氯化铝的投加量分别为0.09mg/L和2.5mg/L,PAC载量为2-3g/L滤料时,载PAC过滤处理浊度为20-40NTU的微污染原水的效果达到最佳,对CODMn和浊度都具有很好的去除效果。Z河水作为原水的试验结果表明:载PAC过滤对河水浊度、UV254、CODMn的去除率分别为97%-97.9%、50.9%-63.4%、68.5%-71.4%。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明:库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明:MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%～5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。     

Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River

Suitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MIDAS软件探讨施工工序对深基坑稳定性的影响

基于武汉地铁名都站深基坑工程与水文地质勘察资料,建立了三维工程地质仿真计算模型。依据名都站深基坑开挖支护方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS的摩尔-库仑本构模型,对武汉地铁名都站深基坑施工过程中,不同施工工序下每步开挖之后,基坑的变形情况做仿真模拟计算,并对比分析其对基坑稳定性的影响。结果表明:基坑围护结构的变形情况与施工工序有很大的关系,施工工序越合理,上部土体变形越小,反之越大。因此,在基坑工程的施工过程中,要注重施工步骤的划分与合理安排,从而保证基坑工程的安全。研究成果为以后武汉地区基坑工程的施工设计提供了值得借鉴的经验。