抗旱应急工程项目管理的重要环节分析

受我国经济社会快速发展、城镇化进程加快和全球气候变化加剧的影响,我国受干旱灾害的影响日益加剧,近年来,为应对日益严重的旱灾,每年都会实施一批抗旱应急工程。通过分析抗旱应急工程的特点,结合项目管理理念,提出了针对抗旱应急工程区别于其他建设工程的关键环节的项目管理方法。     

抗旱应急备用水源工程建设相关问题分析

抗旱应急备用水源工程是提高区域抗旱应急能力的重要手段和主要途径。抗旱应急备用水源工程功能的独特性、运行的临时性、管理的长期性等特点，决定了其具有很强的公益性、基础性和战略性。分析了我国抗旱应急备用水源工程现状及存在的主要问题，对我国不同区域、不同自然经济条件下抗旱应急备用水源工程的建设思路进行了探讨。     

湖南省抗旱应急水源工程（引调提水项目）建设实行申请承诺制

近日，湖南省防指专门下发通知，在全省抗旱应急水源工程（引调提水项目）建设中推行申请承诺制。 2014年，国家启动了抗旱应急zk源工程（2014—2016年）建设项目，湖南省建设任务为新建12座小型水库、167处引调提水项目，其中引调提水项目由省防办组织实施。为全面做好抗旱应急水源工程（引调提水项目）建设工作，充分发挥项目区建设积极性和抗旱应急水源工程效益，湖南省抗旱应急水源工程（引调提水项目）建设实行申请承诺制。     

陕西省抗旱应急水源工程实施效益与工作启示

陕西省2014—2016年抗旱应急水源工程实施方案共涉及引调提水类项目208处,中央总投资9.2亿元。介绍了陕西省2014—2016年抗旱应急水源工程实施总体情况、主要做法和建设经验,论述了已建成项目在水源储备、精准扶贫、应急供水、水系连通、生态补水等方面取得的显著效益,总结了陕西省抗旱应急水源工程建设中存在的问题,提出了陕西省抗旱规划实施下一步的工作重点及希望国家继续实施抗旱应急水源工程建设、尽早启动抗旱非工程措施项目建设的建议。     

中央财政下拨100亿元补助资金支持实施全国抗旱规划

<正>近日,中央财政下拨补助资金100亿元,支持列入《全国抗旱规划实施方案(2014—2016年)》范围的25个省(自治区、直辖市)实施2014年抗旱应急水源工程项目,提高抗旱应急保障能力。其中,50亿元用于小型水库建设,44.5亿元用于引调提水工程项目,5.5亿元用于抗旱应急备用井项目。财政部要求有关省切实落实责任,加强项目建设监管,规范资金使用管理,确保工程尽快建成并发挥效益。     

浅析我国抗旱应急备用水源工程体系建设

近年来,我国降水总量及河流水量不断减少,导致水资源短缺,干旱灾害突出,抗旱应急备用水源工程体系建设将缓减缺水问题。抗旱应急备用水源主要包括地表水、地下水及其他水源等,水源工程体系主要从城区、平原区、山丘区等不同区域进行建设,分为输水工程及配套、水源联网工程、供水系统联网工程和小型水源工程。针对抗旱应急备用水源工程体系缺乏科学规划、缺乏建设维修、投入资金不足等问题。采用工程建设类型准确定位,合理使用现有水库资源和优化供水系统等措施。对我国抗旱应急备用水源工程体系建设的进行分析,为我国的抗旱工作提供参考。     

河南省抗旱应急引调提工程掠影

<正>为提高抗旱减灾能力,按照水利部的统一部署,2014-2016年,河南省实施了抗旱应急引调提水项目建设,建设范围为43个重点受旱县。三年来共实施抗旱应急引调提水项目230处,涉及14个省辖市和省直管县,33个县(市、区),项目总投资11.85亿元,其中中央投资7.56亿元,地方配套4.29亿元。目前项目建设已经全部完工,部分项目已投入使用,正在积极推进项目验收。抗旱应急引调提工程的实施,大大提升了重点旱区的抗旱供     

我国提高抗旱应急供水能力的对策研究

在分析我国现状抗旱应急供水能力的基础上,根据干旱时期的最低需水要求,指出我国抗旱应急(备用)水源能力建设战略目标。在分析我国抗旱应急(备用)水源工程类型的基础上,针对东北地区、黄淮海地区、长江中下游地区、华南地区、西南地区、西北地区等六大片的特点,提出我国抗旱应急(备用)水源工程建设布局建议,以全面提升我国综合抗旱减灾能力。     

旱灾风险及抗旱减灾对策研究

抗旱规划编制 多年来,我国制定了许多水利发展规划,但始终没有一个完整的抗旱规划来指导抗旱工作。2005年国家防办立项组织开展《全国抗旱减灾“十一五”规划》编制。 该规划于2005年底完成,包含以下内容：①我国抗旱减灾基本情况以及面临的形势分析;②规划指导思想和基本原则;③抗旱减灾目标：⑥应急抗旱减灾工程总体布局和主要任务：⑤抗旱减灾管理及主要任务;⑥应急抗旱重点项目;⑦投资测算与规划效果分析以及保障措施等。     

江西省抗旱应急水源工程建设情况及问题建议

总结分析了2014年以来江西省抗旱应急水源工程建设管理情况及经验做法,指出了江西省抗旱应急水源工程建设工作在工程立项、行政审批、资金筹措、行政监督等方面的主要问题及难点,对今后抗旱应急水源工程建设工作提出建议。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Site modelling methods for detecting hydrologic alteration of flood frequency and flood duration in the floodplain below the carlyle dam,lower Kaskaskia River,Illinois, USA

Reports concerning the influence of dams on river hydrology vary among researchers, interest groups and government agencies. These often contradicting statements may occur because changes in hydrology caused by dams are distinct for each dam and river watershed. The objective of this research was to use site specific techniques to determine if the 1967 installation of the Carlyle Dam, lower Kaskaskia River, Illinois, altered flood frequency and duration within the forested floodplain located below the dam. Results indicated a decrease in flood duration and frequency, and a decrease in annual flood frequency variation at a site 6.4 km below the dam. Pre‐dam versus post‐dam differences in flood frequency and duration at the site 32.2 km below the dam were related to climate rather than dam effects. Although dam impacts are a concern, this research shows that distance downstream from the dam and downstream tributary and watershed characteristics should be considered before assuming that the dam has changed hydrologic parameters for portions of rivers. This research also indicates that areas of the lower Kaskaskia River may still maintain hydrologic ecological integrity, and could be targeted for restoration and adaptive management purposes. Hydrologic modelling combined with river gage and on‐site well measurement techniques presented in this study could provide detailed flood frequency and duration information for land use, sociological and geomorphological questions in focus areas within river floodplains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈优化Vray渲染在制作三维场景的应用研究

用Vray三维渲染引擎来渲染三维场景,其质量和速度是由一些影响因素和参数设置决定的,不同的参数和因素,可以得出不同的三维渲染效果.因此,分析、优化三维渲染质量和速度的影响因素,正确、合理的选择参数对提高Vray最后渲染阶段的质量和速度非常重要.     

固结、渗流和沉积控制方程研究

本文从两相流体动力学的守恒方程出发，考虑固相、液相的相对运动，推导了可以考虑场的不均匀性和流体压缩性的统一形式的控制方程，并对方程所基于的物理概念和相互联系进行了必要的分析。通过对方程适当形式的表达，可导出用于大、小变形固结、渗流和沉积的简化方程，显示了在不同领域的三个理论存在一定的统一性。方程推导过程并未对本构关系加以限制，适用范围较广。依据实际问题的要求，作了不同形式的简化。     

四川省及重庆市中型水电站效益分析

该文分析了四川省及重庆市几座中型水电站的调查材料表明：四川省及重庆市中型水电站不仅在川渝主网和地方电网中起着很大的作用，并具有巨大的社会效益，同时还有综合利用效益，说明修建中型水电站的优越性．     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

掺MgO混凝土的宏细观试验研究

利用MgO膨胀剂的延迟微膨胀效应能显著提高大体积混凝土的力学性能,产生的预压应力还能有效提高大体积混凝土抵抗温度开裂的能力,但目前对其微观机理研究不多。采用宏观与微观相结合的方式,研究了不同活性指数、不同掺量的MgO混凝土的力学性能,利用SEM/EDS微观分析手段揭示了MgO对混凝土性能影响的作用机理。试验结果表明：MgO取代部分水泥掺入混凝土中,混凝土的力学性能降低;掺量为4%~5%时,活性指数为100s的MgO混凝土的膨胀率大于活性指数为50 s的MgO混凝土;MgO混凝土的膨胀特性与Ca,Si,Mg,Al等元素的分布情况有关,掺入的MgO将改变界面区Ca,Si,Mg元素的富集特性,Ca元素和Mg元素更易于在界面区富集,导致混凝土宏观力学性能的降低。