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非点源污染不确定性研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
与点源污染相比,非点源污染具有随机性、间歇性、滞后性、复杂性等特点,不易控制和治理。围绕非点源污染不确定性的来源、分类和研究方法进行综述,对国内外非点源污染不确定性的研究进行概括。国外对于非点源污染不确定性问题研究较多,但是不够系统,国内则基本未见报道,非常有必要对其进行系统研究。对非点源污染不确定性研究的发展趋势进行了评述和展望。 相似文献
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农业非点源污染研究进展 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
国外农业非点源污染研究起步于20世纪60年代,非点源污染研究的历史已有40多年,各国科学家系统地探索了非点源污染物污染特征、类型、单场暴雨、长期平均污染负荷输出和模型模拟等方面的研究,并付诸管理实践等方面的研究。我国的非点源污染相关研究起步较晚,往往局限于狭义的非点源污染的研究。在简单介绍我国农业非点源污染研究的基础上,指出不足,并提出改进建议。 相似文献
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黄河流域非点源污染负荷定量化与控制研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过文献分析,总结了黄河流域非点源污染负荷定量化与污染控制两方面的研究进展,分析了黄河流域非点源污染研究现阶段存在的问题,即农业、城市非点源污染研究总体不多,自主研发模型少见、控制管理措施单一、新型污染物研究不足等。未来黄河流域地区需加大基础数据的监测,加强部门之间数据共享,建立非点源污染数据库;进一步对非点源污染机理进行探究,研发适合该流域的水文-水质-水动力非点源污染和水库水动力-水质耦合模型;深入非点源污染防控研究,制定全过程综合控制模式与管理体系。 相似文献
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城市水环境非点源污染研究已成为城市环境研究的一个新的生长点,其形成机理、污染物的来源与归趋、污染负荷量的测算及污染控制手段与方法的研究已被广泛重视.本文时适用于城市水环境非点源污染的研究模型进行了相对系统地整理归纳,并分国内国外及GIS模型3个方面进行了阐述,以期对城市水环境非点源污染研究提供理论依据. 相似文献
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黄河流域非点源污染研究初步框架 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在简要阐述非点源污染相关概念和认识的基础上,提出了黄河流域非点源污染研究初步框架。黄河流域非点源污染可分为农业非点源污染、水土流失型非点源污染、城市非点源污染和库区非点源污染;在研究方法上,宜结合区域污染特征,选择典型区,采取点面结合、模型集成的方法进行研究;主要研究内容包括非点源污染的负荷定量化研究、对干流水质的影响评价及相关控制管理措施等;以构建基于点源和非点源污染共同作用下的黄河干流河段典型污染物迁移转化模型和完善黄河流域水资源保护体系为研究目标。 相似文献
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为了解铁岭县凡河流域农业非点源污染现状,本文以铁岭县多年乡镇统计报表为基础,结合输出系数法及源强系数法分析了凡河流域2007-2009年四种农业非点源污染物排放量及其排放强度的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)流域内农业非点源污染物排放总量呈持续上升趋势,总氮、总磷、化学需氧量及氨氮的平均排放量为3174.5、361.4、16624.5和3980.3t/a;(2)流域内主要污染物为化学需氧量,主要污染源为畜禽养殖;(3)污染物排放总量及强度空间上大致呈中、西部高,东部低的特点,李千户乡及铁岭市区为主要污染区域。为有效地控制凡河流域农业非点源污染,当地政府应把重点放在畜禽粪便及居民生活垃圾的处理方式上。 相似文献
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Abstract In light of the current ability to treat point source pollution, nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has become the primary cause of water pollution. In order to manage and control NPS pollution, we must conduct research on NPS pollution. An effective means for such an endeavor is to construct a mathematical model. However, in the present continuous time and distributed parameter NPS models, such as SWAT, parameter requirements are so numerous that their application is very difficult. In order to make such a model convenient for application, research was first conducted before constructing a new continuous time and distributed parameter NPS pollution model based on hydrodynamics. In this paper, as one of its sub-models, the runoff sub-model is introduced. This sub-model is composed of the SCS model and the water routing model that was constructed by the authors of this paper. This water routing model is based on Saint-Venant equations. Through Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform mathematical modeling, the outflow hydrograph that is an S-curve was obtained. Then, the authors built the relation between S-curve and water- collecting area coefficient, from which the water routing model is derived. In order to calibrate and validate the new model, the authors applied it in the Guishuihe watershed with satisfactory results. The results show that it has value in application, especially in the area where data are scarce. 相似文献
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Access to water and water availability remains a key factor in ensuring the sustainability of development in Southern Africa. The need for guidelines to improve management of this valuable resource, and to regulate pollutant discharge, is therefore of national interest. A new and growing threat to our natural water resources is non-point source (NPS) pollution. The important distinction between point pollution and NPS pollution is that the latter is difficult to identify and the entry point of contamination to resources is diffuse and not limited to a single location. NPS pollution associated with power generation includes, but is not limited to, atmospheric deposition resulting from emissions (air and water), leachate from coal storage piles and runoff from impervious areas which are covered with dust fallout from coal and ash handling operations. Emissions of primary concern are sulfur, nitrogen and mercury. 相似文献
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Bai Xiaoyan Shen Wen Wang Peng Chen Xiaohong He Yanhu 《Water Resources Management》2020,34(13):3987-4002
Water Resources Management - To optimize the management of non-point source (NPS) pollution in a changing environment, the cellular automata (CA) and Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF)... 相似文献
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基于GIS和SWAT模型的清江流域面源污染模拟研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
水体面源污染评价研究是一项复杂的工作,涉及面广和要求有较长时间序列的数据。面源污染模型很大程度上依赖于对于流域的特征描述的相关参数,因此提高输入模型参数的精度,有利于提升流域面源污染的径流、泥沙和营养物质的产出模拟效果。GIS和面源污染模型的有机结合是当前面源污染模拟研究最有效的方法。本研究建立了基于GIS的基础数据库,其中包括DEM、土壤类型、土地利用、气象数据以及农业耕作管理数据等。面源污染模拟的产生和形成具有很大的不确定性,这更加增加了监测和控制面源污染的难度。探索影响面源污染的主要因素,研究其不确定性对于提出和制定污染控制措施至关重要。本研究进行了清江流域面源污染的参数敏感性分析,根据观测数据对SWAT模型进行验证和率定,并利用SWAT模型进行模拟,揭示了清江流域面源污染的时空分布特征,确定了清江流域水土流失风险区。结果表明清江流域的面源污染主要发生在丰水期,不同的土地利用方式、农业耕作制度以及降水等是影响径流量和营养物质产生的主要因素。 相似文献
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Yan Wang Hubert J. Montas Kaye L. Brubaker Paul T. Leisnham Adel Shirmohammadi Victoria Chanse Amanda K. Rockler 《Water Resources Management》2017,31(5):1649-1664
Best Management Practices (BMPs) have become the most effective way to mitigate non-point source pollution (NPS) issues. Much attention has been paid to NPS in rural areas, where agricultural activities increase nutrients, toxics, and sediments in surface water. Stormwater from urban areas is also a major contributor to NPS pollution. For watersheds bearing various soil types and land uses, a single type of BMP cannot be the panacea to all stormwater problems. To solve these problems, a Diagnostic Decision Support System (DDSS) was developed in this research. The DDSS can identify and locate the most critical NPS areas (hotspots) within a watershed in high spatial resolution. The DDSS can provide a series of spatially distributed small-scale BMPs which are effective in treating the NPS and are suitable for the physical environment. The BMPs, varying in types and locations, are recommended at HRU (Hydrologic Response Unit) level. The DDSS was tested in Watts Branch, a small urban watershed of the Anacostia River in metropolitan Washington D.C., USA. The process-based hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was used to simulate watershed responses. The simulation results were then used by the DDSS for BMP recommendation. Hotspots of different NPS were successfully located and prescribed with spatially distributed BMPs. The DDSS serves as a useful tool to better understand urban watersheds and to make proper stormwater management plans. 相似文献