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1.
一、前言当前废水生物处理方法日益受到重视,并得到广泛的应用,而生物膜法在废水生物处理方法中占有重要地位,由于它具有处理效率高、运行经济、管理方便等优点,越来越被广泛采用。在生物膜法中采用填料的处理装置主要有:塔式生物滤池、生物接触氧化池、厌氧滤池等。这些处理装置被不同程度地做为处理系统的组成单元,在去除废水中有机污染物这一功能上,发挥主要作用。  相似文献   

2.
生物滤池处理恶臭气体———硫化氢的研究硕士生:黄焱歆导师:郭静(天津大学土木工程系300072)本文论述了生物脱臭法在国内外发展的历史及现状,并对生物滤池处理恶臭气体——硫化氢的效果进行了研究。研究结果表明:1生物滤池处理硫化氢具有费用低、安全、容...  相似文献   

3.
生物处理的代表性方法是利用嫌气微生物的嫌气消化法(污泥消化)和利用好气微生物的生物滤池法和活性污泥法。好气方法中前者是利用附着于媒体上的微生物处理废水,属此类型的还有塔式滤池、生物转盘、浸水滤床(如碎石曝气、枝条曝气等);后者是利用悬浮流动状态的微生物处理废水,属此类型的还有阶段曝气、生物吸附、完全氧  相似文献   

4.
无动力式生物净化槽装置的技术分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
无动力式生物净化槽主要是由厌氧滤池和好氧技术单元组成,具有耐冲击负荷、无动力要求、无运行费用压力等优点;无动力式生物净化槽对分散点源污水(尤其是生活污水)治理及所排中水回用的效果明显.  相似文献   

5.
按污水净化设备构造标准,过去有生物滤池、高负荷生物滤池、标准生物滤池等区别,新标准则统一称作生物滤池,并在过去的碎石型之外增加了新式塑料型净化设备。本文从污水净化设备构造新标准出发,以上述生物滤池为中心,拟较全面地讨论一下它们的有关问题。  相似文献   

6.
滤池关闭对生物过滤的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过试验探讨了滤池关闭对生物过滤的影响。结果表明 :短期的滤池关闭对生物过滤影响较小 ,滤池在重新启动后的 2~ 6h内就能基本恢复到关闭前的处理效果 ;长期的滤池关闭对单层石英砂滤料生物过滤有较大的影响 ,但对活性炭 石英砂双层滤料生物过滤影响较小。  相似文献   

7.
节能降耗是我国发展的战略要求,开展低能耗厌氧生物技术研究越来越受到重视。综述了厌氧生物滤池技术的发展历程与特点。分析了国内外研究现状,并提出了基于厌氧生物滤池技术、耦合微生物学和水力动力学原理于一体的无动力式生物净化槽技术。鉴于其具有抗冲击负荷能力强、运行稳定、无动力消耗、良好的有机物去除能力和脱氮性能,可广泛应用于分散点源生活污水处理,具有广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

8.
滤床内微生物的存在使生物快滤池对浊质的去除过程与普通快滤池有了本质不同:在生物快滤池内,游离细菌等生命类颗粒也成为水中浊质组成部分,在细菌等微生物生命活动的影响下,滤床内浊质的量在不断发生变化.考虑到这些因素,在普通快滤池基本过滤方程的基础上,提出了生物快滤池的基本过滤方程.  相似文献   

9.
不同功能曝气生物滤池的设计要点   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
曝气生物滤池工艺是近年来国内外的研究热点,具有处理效果好,占用土地少,对环境影响小,造价和运行费用较低等优点,但由于其正处于探索、发展阶段,部分设计参数还没有统一的标准,在查阅国内外工程总结的基础上,阐述了滤速和负荷的作用、后置反硝化和前置反硝化工艺的特点,归纳了不同功能曝气生物滤池的设计要点。  相似文献   

10.
曝气生物滤池在污水处理中的应用   总被引:84,自引:0,他引:84  
根据现场试验结果及国外有关资料报道 ,从工艺原理、特征、主要形式、工艺参数及其优缺点等方面对曝气生物滤池在污水处理中的应用进行了阐述 ,最后对其理想填料做了较为综合的介绍。  相似文献   

11.
同步硝化反硝化脱氮研究   总被引:48,自引:2,他引:46  
在控制SBR反应器保持良好的好氧状态条件下 ,考察进水COD/NH3比值对同步硝化反硝化脱氮效率的影响。同时也对同步硝化反硝化机理进行了初步的探讨。研究表明 ,进水COD/NH3比值越高 ,总氮去除率越高 ,同步硝化反硝化现象越明显。由该试验可以推断活性污泥菌胶团中异养硝化菌和好氧反硝化菌的存在。  相似文献   

12.
A new nitrogen removal process (up-flow sludge blanket and aerobic filter, USB-AF) was proposed and tested with real sewage. In the USB reactor, the larger part of influent organic and nitrogen matters were removed, and ammonia was effectively oxidized in the subsequent aerobic filter. The role of the aerobic filter was to convert ammonia into nitrate, an electron acceptor that could convert soluble organic matters into volatile suspended solid (VSS) in the USB. The accumulated as well as influent VSS in the USB was finally degraded to fermented products that were another good carbon source for denitrification. Total COD, settleable COD and soluble COD in the raw sewage were 325, 80 and 140 mg/l, respectively. Most unsettleable COD as well as some SCOD in the influent was successfully removed in the USB. TCOD removal in the anoxic filter was by denitrification with the recycled nitrate. Low COD input to the aerobic filter could increase nitrification efficiency, reduce the start-up period and save the aeration energy in the USB-AF system. About 95% of ammonia was nitrified in the aerobic filter with no relation to the influent ammonia concentration. Denitrification efficiency of the recycled nitrate in the anoxic filter was about 85, 83, and 72% at recycle ratios of 100, 200, and 300%, respectively. T-N removal efficiency was 70% at recycle ratio of 300%.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this study was to develop an integrated nitrogen treatment system using autotrophic organisms. A treatment system consists of an aerobic hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (HfMBR) and anaerobic HfMBR. In the aerobic HfMBR, a mixture gas of air and O2 was supplied through the fibers for nitrification. Denitrification occurred in the anaerobic HfMBR using H2 as the electron donor. The treatment system was continuously operated for 190 days. NH4-N removal efficiencies ranging from 95% to 97% were achieved at NH4-N concentrations of influent ranging from 50 to 100 mg N/L. When glucose was added to the influent, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred in the aerobic HfMBR, and nitrogen removal rates were changed according to the COD/NH4-N ratio of influent. In the anaerobic HfMBR, autotrophic denitrification using H2 occurred and the removal rates achieved in this study were 23-58 mg N/m2 d. In this study, the achieved removal efficiency was lower than other study findings; however, the result suggested that this hybrid HfMBR system can be used effectively for nitrogen removal in oligotrophic water.  相似文献   

14.
The feasibility of combining a previously reported storage driven denitrification biofilm, where 80% of influent acetate can be converted to poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), with a suitable nitrification reactor, either submerged or trickling filter design, to achieve complete biological nitrogen removal was tested. The reactor system showed the potential of complete biological nitrogen removal of waste streams with a C/N ratio as low as 3.93 kg COD/kg N-NH3 at an overall nitrogen removal rate of 1.1 mmole NH3/L/h. While the efficiency and the rates of nitrogen removal were higher than what is observed in traditional or simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) systems, there were two problems that require further development: (a) the incomplete draining of the reactor caused ammonia retention and release in the effluent, limiting the overall N-removal and (b) pH drifts in the nitrification step slowed down the rate of nitrification if not corrected by appropriate pH adjustment or buffering.  相似文献   

15.
CASS工艺生物脱氮除磷效果分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对CASS工艺脱氮除磷效果进行了试验研究,重点研究了温度和回流比对脱氮效果的影响,曝气量对除磷效果的影响。研究结果表明,水温在30℃时系统脱氮效果最好,此时NH3-N去除率在80%左右,TN去除率在70%左右;污泥回流比为25%、50%、100%和200%时,TN去除率分别为50%、58%、62%和70%,增加回流比可以提高脱氮效率;好氧区DO维持在2mg/L和4 mg/L时,TP去除率分别为82%和37%。  相似文献   

16.
For cost-effective nitrogen removal from sewage with low C/N ratios, an automatic control system for the addition of external carbon based on oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) data in an anoxic reactor has been developed. In this study, it was carried out with a pilot-scale modified Bardenpho process. This consisted of anoxic1, aerobic1, anoxic2 and aerobic2 stages with an external recycle ratio of 150% (Q/Qinf), and a media packing ratio of 2.4%-2.9% (v/v) in the aerobic reactor. As a result of applying the automatic control system for the minimization of the external carbon source dosage, the dosage was decreased by about 20%. This estimate was based on ORP compared with a stable dosage of 75 mg/L based on the C/NOx-N ratio of the anoxic influent. It was necessary that the ORP set-value be regulated from -120 mV to -80 mV because influent NH4+-N concentration varied from 12 to 15 mg/L due to rainfall. Correspondingly, the demanded dosages were decreased. Drift of the the real-time value in control system was more stable after changing the ORP set-value from -120 mV to -80 mV.  相似文献   

17.
This study builds on previous experience of maximising the formation of COD as poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and now describes a feedback technique of preserving the use of PHB for denitrification resulting in enhanced nitrogen removal rather than allowing its wasteful oxidation by oxygen. The feedback technique uses on-line SOUR monitoring for detecting the end-point of nitrification and controlling the aerobic phase length accordingly. The laboratory SBR was operated such that all organic substrate (acetate) was rapidly converted to PHB, which then served as the electron donor for nitrogen removal via simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) during the aerobic phase (up to 70% SND). During SBR cycling with a fixed aeration length (240 minutes), PHB was unnecessarily oxidised after ammonium depletion, resulting in little denitrification and poor total nitrogen removal (69%). However, when the aerobic phase length was controlled via the SOUR, up to 1.8 CmM PHB (58 mg L(-1) COD) could be preserved, enabling improved total nitrogen removal (86%). The drop in the SOUR after ammonium depletion was a reproducible event that could be detected even when using raw wastewater and fresh activated sludge. The SOUR-control technique holds promise to build up PHB over a number of SBR cycles. While advanced oxygen-control is used for improved N-removal in several existing WWTPs, this study investigates the importance of oxygen control with relevance to PHB driven SND in sequencing batch reactors.  相似文献   

18.
合肥塘西河再生水厂采用倒置A/O(缺氧/厌氧/好氧—预缺氧)—MBR工艺处理低C/N城市生活污水.研究了投加碳源前后各生化反应池中有机物及氮元素的变化规律,结果表明未投加外碳源时TN的去除率为52.3%,脱氮效果不理想.通过比较乙酸钠、甲醇和乙酸三种不同外加碳源的脱氮效果,可知乙酸钠反硝化速率最高,效果最好.当乙酸钠作外碳源,投加量为50 mgCOD/L时,TN的去除率明显提高,达到74.5%.此外,还分析了投加外碳源后整个工艺系统内COD、TN物质流动情况,结果表明,缺氧池和厌氧池是COD去除的主要单元体,好氧池对COD的去除贡献增强,体系中的TN去除总量在投加外碳源后有了明显的增加,较未投加外碳源时增加了26.5%.  相似文献   

19.
One-year (2004) comprehensive investigations in a semi-industrial pilot plant (5 m3) were carried out with the aim of assessing the influence of operational parameters on the partial nitritation/Anammox system performance. In the system designed as a moving-bed biofilm reactor, the influent nitrogen load to the Anammox reactor was progressively increased and a stable Anammox bacterial culture was obtained. Interaction between subsequent aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the partial nitritation and Anammox reactors, respectively, granted conditions to remove nitrogen through the nitrite route. It implies that the oxygen supply can be limited to a high extent. A control strategy for the partial nitritation step relied on concomitant adjustment of the air supply with a variable influent nitrogen load, which can be monitored by both pH and conductivity measurements. In the Anammox reactor, an influent nitrite-to-ammonium ratio plays a vital role in obtaining efficient nitrogen removal. During the 1-year experimental period, the Anammox reactor was operated steadily and average nitrogen removal efficiency was 84% with 97% as the maximum value.  相似文献   

20.
An anaerobic/aerobic system combining an anaerobic upflow-sludge bed filter (UBF) and an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was operated to enhance organic and nitrogen removal efficiency. The internal recycle rate, which is one of the most important operation factors that affects overall removal efficiency, was varied from 100% to 300% of the influent flow. Under these conditions, the overall removal efficiencies of organic and nitrogen and characteristics of membrane fouling in the combined system treating the synthetic wastewater including high concentration of organics and nutrients were studied. As a result, nitrogen removal efficiency was increased to 67% when the internal recycle rate was 300% of influent flow rate. As the internal recycle ratio increased from 100% to 200%, protein content decreased by 17% and carbohydrate content increased by 12%. However, there was no remarkable difference in total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content. At the high recycle rate of 300%, the surface charge of sludge was decreased while hydrophobicity (specific ultraviolet absorbance, SUVA) was increased. The differences in SUVA and surface charge were 11% and 1%, respectively. It is concluded that SUVA and EPS composition were important parameters affecting membrane fouling in the combined system.  相似文献   

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