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1.
印度水资源及其开发利用情况分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在阐述印度水资源状况的基础上,分析了其水资源开发利用情况,论述了印度水资源及其开发利用存在的问题,比较了中印两国水资源开发利用指标。结果表明:印度水资源主要分布在布拉马普特拉河和恒河流域,农业灌溉是用水大户,主要问题表现在水资源短缺、水污染、地下水超采和跨界河流水争端等几方面。印度水资源管理主要是农业灌溉用水管理和与邻国合作开发利用国际河流水资源。  相似文献   

2.
纳米比亚位于干旱半干旱地区。境内气候干燥少雨,水资源贫乏。而边界河流水资源较为丰富,北部有库内内河、奥卡万戈河,南部有奥兰治河。由边界河流调水是减缓供需矛盾的唯一途径。中北部地区已建有从库内内河引水的供水系统,供需分析表明,只要尽快实现卡卢埃凯泵站有坝引水,库内内河的水资源能满足中北部地区的供水需求。  相似文献   

3.
塔里木河流域的水资源比较匮乏,它周围的生态环境也比较脆弱,是我国一条最大的内河流域。针对塔里木河流域的问题,需要利用先进的科技手段,对河流流域的生态环境和水资源进行动态的监控,实现对塔里木河流域水资源的合理分配和统一调度,实现水资源的有效管理,改善河流的现状,确保河流流域的生态环境、水资源和社会经济和谐的发展。而塔里木河流域水量调度管理系统是实现对河水进行调度的有力手段,也是建设塔里木河生态环境和谐发展的基础。  相似文献   

4.
正印度多邦政府近期签署了一份合作谅解备忘录,计划在上亚穆纳(Yamuna)河流上修建拉克瓦(Lakhwar)多功能水电站。据印度传媒新闻局(Press Information Bureau of the Government of India)报道,印度道路交通和公路部、航运部及水资源、河流开发和恒河复兴部联合部长N.加德卡里(Shri Nitin Gadkari),以及来自北方邦(Uttar Pradesh)、拉贾斯坦(Rajasthan)邦、北阿坎德(Uttarakhand)邦、哈里  相似文献   

5.
随着人口的迅速增长、城市化进程和工业化进程的不断加快,印度在用水和水资源管理领域面临着重大挑战.在印度18条主要河流中,有17条是邦际河流.由于邦政府负责河流水资源的分配,而邦际河流穿越邦界,纠纷不可避免,尤其是随着各邦需水量的不断增加和人均可利用水资源量的不断缩减,印度邦与邦之间的用水竞争也日益激烈,这些竞争在许多地区已经升级为邦际水事纠纷.本试图通过印度与水相关的法律框架的研究,以及印度邦际河流水事纠纷解决过程的分析,为我国流域水资源管理提供借鉴.  相似文献   

6.
中印边界线中的东段线存在着传统习惯线和非法的麦克马洪线之争,边境线之争的背后,存在着对印度极为重要的水资源问题。印度在两线间的边境争议地区设立“阿鲁纳恰尔邦”,并用了半个世纪的时间将其发展成百万人口的地区,力图形成国际河流水资源利用现实。  相似文献   

7.
印度政府正在制订一项从世界银行贷款数十亿美元的大型计划 ,包括将印度的最大河流联系起来 ,以便将北部的水调到缺水的南部和东部各邦。该计划打算从印度北部和尼泊尔恒河和布拉马普特拉河的 14条支流取水。通过一系列运河和泵站 ,将水经温迪亚山脉输送到南方 ,以补充给南方的17条河流。该计划将要建约 30 0座坝。该计划工期为 14a ,估计投资 70 0~ 2 0 0 0亿美元 ,视实施的不同方案而定。据称 ,当该计划完成时 ,将可提供足够的水灌溉约 35 0 0万hm2 农田和发电 340 0 0MW。印度计划建大型水利工程@刘翔…  相似文献   

8.
建国以来,莱州市已建成水库塘坝1402座,为有效利用水资源发挥了积极作用.然而,在水资源日益紧缺的情况下,如何更加科学地配置有限的水资源、提高供水效益和管理水平、逐步改善生态环境,成为急需解决的问题.莱州市生态型现代化水网建设项目就是通过在全市范围内建设以河流水系联网为基础、以多水源多用户水资源的优化调度为核心、以法制法规和水务一体化管理为保障、以生态环境恢复和改善为最终目标的现代化水资源网络体系.  相似文献   

9.
安徽省芜湖市洪涝旱灾频发,内河枯水期水环境恶化,水资源匮乏,农田灌溉困难,航运萎缩,给当地人民生活与生产带来很大影响。分析了未建闸前内河枯水期存在的问题,阐述了澛港闸与红庙闸工程建设情况和联合调度运行方式。通过澛港闸和红庙闸工程联合调度,提高了漳河中下游、青弋江红庙闸至西河镇水文站段、分洪道等内河水位,改善了内河沿线水景观和水环境,保障了内河沿线水资源,提高了内河灌溉保证率,提升了内河船舶航运条件,为内河两岸人民打造了良好的居住环境。  相似文献   

10.
上海地表水资源的特征分析与管理探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在初步分析水资源条件和特点的基础上,将上海市地表水资源分为内河河网、太湖流域来水和长江口来水三种类型,针对不同的水资源类型,对上海市水资源的管理方法进行探讨:通过减少污水向内河河道的排放,提高污水的处理率和纳管率,最大程度地减少对内河河道的污染;对于太湖流域来水,重点在于确保上游来水水质,保障该水域的污染不至于加重;对于长江口水资源,要妥善解决排污口、取水口的合理布局问题,防止污水长期排放引起的累积污染效应,同时对于盐水入侵,也要通过适当的工程措施,避咸蓄淡,使长江口水资源得到充分利用。  相似文献   

11.
根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。  相似文献   

12.
The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
Call for Papers     
正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.  相似文献   

14.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 106 t CO2eq km2 per year, or 24 × 106 t CO2eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO2eq MWh?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO2eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO2eq MWh?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.  相似文献   

15.
The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.  相似文献   

16.
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).  相似文献   

17.
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.  相似文献   

18.
为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。  相似文献   

19.
Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.  相似文献   

20.
岩石动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用新近发展起来的拉伸式Hopkinson冲击装置(SHTB),对岩石切口圆柱断裂试样进行了动态拉伸断裂特性的实验研究。同时,利用MTS试验机进行了岩石的静态拉伸断裂实验,成功地获得了岩石试样的断裂韧度及断裂能随加载率而变化的实验结果。对静态和动态破坏后的试样断口进行的扫描电镜观察进一步表明,试样断口形貌的复杂程度与其断裂耗能有着十分密切的联系。  相似文献   

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