基于知识的水电站水库群模糊优化补偿调节模型研究

依据人的思维和行为具有模糊性的特点，利用大系统理论和模糊系统理论研究水电站水库群优化补偿调节问题.首先建立起基于知识的水电站水库群模糊优化补偿调节模型；然后提出有效的计算方法-基于知识的三级目标协调-模糊规划法；最后结合具体实例进行分析和计算、验证.分析和计算结果表明，所研制的这种基于知识的水电站水库群模糊优化补偿调节模型技术-计算模型和方法，对于运用领域专家或决策者的知识和经验、充分挖掘水电站水库群内部潜力和整体补偿效益具有重要意义和实际推广价值。     

水库群防洪系统优化调度模型及应用

本文以澧水流域中上游江垭、皂市及宜冲桥3个水库及其下游河道防洪系统联合优化调度问题为背景，建立了基于河道洪水演进方程与多目标离散微分动态规划的水库群防洪系统多目标优化调度模型，给出了一种离散微分动态规划与马斯京根洪水演进相结合多目标优化算法.经计算分析，结果满意.     

地下水资源多目标管理模型的研究进展

介绍了地下水资源多目标管理模型的特点、模型建立和求解方法。指出地下水资源开发利用与管理模型是多层次多目标的，模型的建立要与可持续发展相联系，综合考虑社会、经济、生态环境等诸多因素。本文也探讨了地下水资源多目标管理数学模型的研究方向。     

水库群联合调度规则研究

水库群联合调度是现在水资源调配的重点与难点,随着水库群的目标与变量越来越多,联合调度的经典算法和人工智能等算法对于复杂的水库群系统可能会存在难以构建数学模型或者调参复杂等问题。以岳城水库及东武仕水库联合调度为例,综合考虑工业用水、生活用水、农业用水、灌溉用水和生态用水,建立了水库群联合调度模型,通过模拟优化人机算法进行求解,并选取75%来水频率年分析计算水库群联合调度规则,根据水库群联合调度图,提出岳城水库和东武仕水库的具体供水方案,并给出联合调度结果。合理的水库联合调度规则可有效促进区域社会经济发展,改善生态环境。     

公主岭市地下水水质水量联合管理模型的建立及应用

本文通过对公主岭布地下水资源开发利用中存在主要问题的分析，确定了水资源管理的目标，建立了水质，水量联合优化管理的多目标线性规划模型，并采用加权函数法对模型进行了求解研究，得到了公主岭市地下水资源的最优开采方案。     

水库群联合调度全周期-自适应-嵌套式建模方法

随着长江上游控制性水库群陆续建成投产,亟需提升水库群联合调度水平,促进水资源综合效益进一步发挥。针对流域水库群综合调度,研究了调度阶段划分方法,提出不同阶段各目标间的竞争协同关系,结合已有调度规程和成果给出了调度方式的数字化方法,形成了全周期-自适应-嵌套式调度模型搭建新技术。进一步以长江上游30座控制性水库为研究对象,明确了不同调度期的主要目标和运行条件,结合长江流域特征提出了针对性计算条件和防洪、供水、发电、水量利用率等方面的效益增量约束。最后,在长江流域进行了水库群联合调度案例计算分析。结果表明:提出的水库群多目标调度方法可有效发挥水库群综合效益,为流域调度管理提供有力支撑,具有较好的实用价值。     

地下水资源系统多目标模糊管理模型研究

本文着重研究地下水资源系统多目标模糊管理模型的建模和求解等问题．理论分析和实例计算表明，所研究和讨论的模糊管理模型及求解方法，对于解决实际复杂的地下水资源系统管理问题，是恰当的和完善的，计算成果是合理的和实用的．     

水电站水库群长期运行优化模型和应用

水电站水库群长期运行优化模型及其应用,是根据系统工程的思想,应用线性规划的方法建立起来的.它可进行梯级水电站水库群和跨流域水电站水库群的长期运行的优化.应用这一模型和方法,可大幅度提高水电站 '群的发电效益.     

水资源优化调度中的多目标线性规划方法

本文应用系统工程理论和方法，研究水库群联合调度下的多种兴利目标问题，按目标的主次顺序，建立了具有优先权结构的以年为周期的优化高度模型。本文以乌鲁木齐河为算例，计算表明运用该模型可充分利用水资源，提高水资源运用管理水平。     

糯扎渡水电站蓄水期梯级水库联合优化运行

糯扎渡水电站蓄水涉及多重复杂因素,是一个名副其实的系统工程,仅从水量合理分配及梯级水库群优化运行的技术角度出发,针对如何提高蓄水保证率和梯级发电量等问题进行了论述,提出了一些意见和建议,为糯扎渡水电站蓄水规划设计、水库实际运行调度以及梯级水库群联合优化运行等方面提供了一种思路。     

Multiobjective management of a contaminated aquifer for agricultural use

Planned utilization of groundwater from a contaminated aquifer requires development of management strategies that determine the spatial distribution of withdrawal for allocation, as well as for control of water quality. Minimization of groundwater allocation for different purposes, and the control of contamination in the aquifer by a specified pumping strategy constitute a management problem with two conflicting objectives. In order to demonstrate possible tradeoffs between water quality control objective and minimum groundwater withdrawal objective, a multiobjective optimization model is formulated. The solution of the model specifies a strategy to control pollution distribution in the aquifer as per agricultural needs, and also evolve an optimal allocation policy to statisfy agricultural demands. Pareto-optimal solutions representing the tradeoff between the two noncommensurate objectives are established. The formulated model uses the embedding technique for simulating the flow and the transport processes in the aquifer. The constraint method is used to transform the multiobjective optimization model into a single objective optimization model. The resulting model is solved using the exterior penalty function method in conjunction with the Hooke-Jeeves method. The proposed model is easily adoptable for various agroclimatic regions and cropping patterns. For illustrative purposes, the model is applied to a specified study area. Although solutions of the model are presented and discussed as per agricultural requirements in terms of both quality and quantity, solutions for other kinds of water demands can be obtained using the same model with minor modifications. Results show that an optimal pumping strategy can be effectively utilized for controlling contamination in the aquifer.     

Multiobjective Pump Scheduling Optimization Using Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) and Polyphonic HSA

Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) is a metaheuristic method that has attracted the scientific interest since its first presentation in 2001. It is a music inspired method, imitating the music creation process in order to find optimal solutions in complicated problems. HSA’s successful application on single – objective optimization problems has resulted to an increasing interest in the implementation of HSA towards multiobjective optimization. The authors have adjusted HSA in order to deal successfully with multi-criteria water management problems. This adjustment has resulted to the creation of Multiobjective – HSA (MO-HSA). In addition, they have designed the multiobjective variant Polyphonic-HSA (Poly-HSA), which is inspired by the independent development of different voices in music and borrows elements from Swarm Intelligence and the single-objective variant Global-Best HSA. In the first part of this paper, both methods are presented in detail. Moreover, the performance of the proposed Algorithms is evaluated using standard multiobjective test – functions. ZDT and DTLZ multiobjective tests have been chosen and indicators such as Hypervolume, C – metric and diversity metric – Δ have been used to measure the convergence to the optimal front and the diversity of the solutions obtained by the proposed methods. In the second part, MO-HSA and Poly-HSA have been introduced towards the optimization of a pump scheduling problem. The objectives considered are water supply, pumping cost, electric power peak demand and pump maintenance cost. Both methods converged to non-dominated fronts and provided excellent results which are presented in 3d figures, indicating that these methods can be effectively used in multiobjective water management problems.     

An Interval Fuzzy Multiobjective Watershed Management Model for the Lake Qionghai Watershed, China

Integrated watershed management is required to ensure the reasonable use of resources and reconcile interactions among natural and human systems. In the present study, an interval fuzzy multiobjective programming (IFMOP) method was used to solve an integrated watershed management problem. Based on system analysis, an IFMOP model suitable for a lake watershed system {IFMOPLWS} was developed and applied to the Lake Qionghai watershed in China. Scenario analysis and an interactive approach were used in the solution process. In this manner, various system components were incorporated into one framework for holistic consideration and optimization. Integrality and uncertainty, as well as the multiobjective and dynamic characteristics of the watershed system, were well addressed. Using two scenarios, two planning schemes were generated. Agriculture, tourism, macroeconomics, cropland use, water supply, forest coverage, soil erosion, and water pollution were fully interpreted and compared to identify a preferable planning alternative for local agencies. This study showed that the IFMOPLWS is a powerful tool for integrated watershed management planning and can provide a solid base for sustainable watershed management.     

梯级水电站群调度多目标网络分析模型

研究网络分析技术在水库群调度中的应用，把多目标分层排序网络分析模型拓展到多目标梯级水电站调度的网络分析中，提出梯级水电站群调度多目标网络分析模型。结合某流域梯级水电站群优化调度实例进行模型的应用研究，结果表明，用本文模型构造的时空网络图，结构清晰，直观形象，算法效率高。     

多库多目标最优控制运用的模型与方法

“维数灾”是多库优化调度的严重技术障碍。本文运用自优化模拟技术，求解多库多目标优化运行问题，通过模拟本身的功能，实现目标自优化。实践证明，本文提出的模型与方法，是克服“维数灾”、解决高维系统最优控制运用的有效途径。     

Optimization of Pump Scheduling Program in Water Supply Systems Using a Self-Adaptive NSGA-II; a Review of Theory to Real Application

The operation of pumps imposes significant costs on a water distribution system for energy supply and pumps maintenance. To derive an optimum pumps scheduling program, this study presents a multiobjective optimization problem with the objective functions of 1- energy cost and 2- the number of pump switches. The optimization of both objective functions together leads to a multiobjective constrained optimization problem. To solve the problem, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, version II, (NSGA-II) is coupled to the EPANET hydraulic simulation model. For constraint handling, some modifications are introduced to the standard NSGA-II to make it self-adaptive through which all constraints of the problem are automatically satisfied. Application of the model to a test example and a real pipe network verifies that the proposed scheme is computationally efficient and reliable. Also, optimization of the real pipe network reveals that by a careful pump scheduling program the total number of pump switches even in optimum operations could be decreased by 69% while the energy cost increases at most by 10%.     

确定油田最佳开发方式的多目标数学规划方法

油田在投入开发前或开发过程中都会遇到选择开发方式的问题，这是关系全局的一项重大决策。本文运用油藏工程理论和最优化理论，提出一种确定油田最佳开发方式的多目标数学规划方法，介绍某油田注水和注泡沫两种不同开发方式选择其一的优化决策过程。     

吉安县白云山水库优化调度方案的编制

白云山水库是以灌溉、发电为主的综合利用水库,编制其优化方案是一个多目标随机优化问题.文中介绍了方案编制的基本过程和方法,并对优化调度的效益进行了分析.     

Multi-Person Multiobjective Fuzzy Decision-Making Model for Reservoir Flood Control Operation

By analyzing the present situation of reservoir flood control operation, this paper proposes multi-person multiobjective decision-making model for the problems of flood control operation. The model takes the influence of multiobjectives and experience and knowledge of decision-makers into account. In order to find an optimal alternative decided by multiple decision-makers from all the given alternatives, the relative optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative is first obtained and then the optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative is obtained which collects group preferences through two stages. The advantages of this model are simple and more adaptable to the practical problem. The model is demonstrated by application in Fengman Reservoir located in Songhua River Basin in China. Of course, this method can also be applied in other science fields.     

防洪减灾风险管理研究综述

主要对水文风险、水力风险、经济风险、风险决策和洪水保险五个方面的风险管理方法在防洪减灾中的研究现状进行归纳和评述 .其中水文风险的研究重点分为线型选择、参数估计、风险率计算三部分 ;水力风险的研究主要集中在水库泄洪风险及河道或洪泛区的洪水演进研究 ;经济风险分析主要集中在防洪费用效益的风险分析 ;风险决策研究通常表现为防洪问题的可靠性规划和多目标风险分析两种形式 ;洪水保险的研究主要是利用模拟模型来推导一个最优洪水保险策略 .文末阐述了防洪减灾风险管理的发展趋势