Prioritizing Long-term Watershed Management Strategies Using Group Decision Analysis

There is a growing consensus that an effective way of enhancing long-term water resources management and environmental sustainability is through locally based planning at the watershed scale. Managing watershed resources for particular uses requires interactive dialogue among all stakeholders who have different objectives. Therefore, the resolution of inter-group conflict should be an acknowledged task of the planning process. In this paper, an integrated framework for prioritizing watershed management strategies is proposed. A case study is employed to highlight the challenges of using group decision analysis in strategic planning and to illustrate the interaction between different stakeholders on watershed issues. In particular, two group decision-making approaches are used to assess and analyse different stakeholders' preferences for various strategies and alternatives. Professional experts, government agencies and community leaders constitute the different parties included in the framework. The main focus is on the application of group decision analysis in the long-term watershed planning process. The results of the overall preference analysis show that water resources development is the most important strategy followed by agricultural and range management.     

流域综合治理方案制定的基本理论及技术框架

针对我国流域综合治理方案制定过程中理论和技术框架缺失问题,从宏观、中观、微观尺度探索提出了流域综合治理方案制定的基础理论,即宏观的可持续发展理论、中观的流域“自然社会”二元水循环理论以及微观的“木桶理论”;构建了流域综合治理方案制定的基本原则,即流域统筹、单元控制、系统均衡;以流域面临的水问题为导向,系统构建了由机理分析、量化模拟、规划集成和方案确定4个关联耦合层次构成的流域综合治理方案制定技术框架;对流域综合治理方案制定主要层次的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于经济学视角的流域环境管理

以自然流域为单元的管理体制是水环境管理的发展趋势,以经济学视角研究流域环境管理是从根本上解决流域的环境问题并制定有效环境经济政策的基础。从经典经济学和新制度经济学的基本理论分析可知,流域环境资源是公共物品,市场对于流域环境资源的配置不能达到帕累托最优状态,机制设计理论可以在信息不对称的背景下指导流域环境管理机制设计,提高流域环境管理效率,以此衍生出的流域环境经济学,是一门重要的环境经济学分支,将成为一个新的学科增长点。     

Watershed Management Technique to Control Sediment Yield in Agriculturally Dominated Areas

Abstract

Non-point source pollution is recognized internationally as a critical environmental problem. In Illinois, soil erosion from agricultural lands is the major source of such pollution. The erosion process, which has been accelerated by human activity, tends to reduce crop productivity and leads to subsequent problems from deposition on farmlands and in water bodies. Comprehensive watershed management, however, can be used to protect these natural resources. In this study, a discrete time optimal control methodology and computational model are developed for determining land use and management alternatives that minimize sediment yield from agriculturally-dominated watersheds. The solution methodology is based on an interface between a genetic algorithm and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Model analyses are performed on a farm field basis to allow capture of different, local stakeholder perspectives, and crop management alternatives are based on a three-year rotation pattern. The decision support tool is applied to the Big Creek watershed located in the Cache River basin of Southern Illinois. The application demonstrates that the methodology is a valuable tool in advancing comprehensive watershed management. The study represents part of an ongoing research effort to develop an even more comprehensive decision support tool that uses multi-criteria evaluation to address social, economic, and hydrologic issues for integrative watershed management.     

A GIS-Based Score System for Siting and Sizing of Created or Restored Wetlands: Two Case Studies

Water bodies are impacted by watershed loads in terms of nutrients and xenobiotics. This impact impairs the designated uses of the water body. Often preventive actions and end-of-pipe treatments do not reach the acceptable load to ensure the water quality standard in the water body. Wetlands are suitable tools for improving the self-purification capacity of a water system and can be used as a tool to reduce pollutant loads in a river network.This paper presents a methodology for the Siting and Sizing of created or restored wetlands at the watershed level, based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technique and estimations of wetland required area. The final outputs of the methodology are a Land Score System for Siting and a first rough estimation for the Sizing. The combination of these two elements is expected to be useful as a planning tool for watershed management and wetland planning.In order to assess the reliability of the procedure two very different case-studies are considered.     

Flood Vulnerability to Climate Change through Hydrological Modeling

Abstract

Determination of flood vulnerability to climate change is one of the most critical issues for regional water management. Most of the previous studies related to system vulnerabilities to climate change were either a qualitative assessment without the support of hydrological modeling or too complex to apply them to real-world systems. In this study, a modeling and assessment system is proposed to tackle flood vulnerability to the climate change through the incorporation of future climate change scenarios, rainfall-runoff simulation, and vulnerability estimation within an integrated frame. The developed approach is applied to provide decision support for flood management of the Swift Current Creek watershed in Western Canada. The approach not only is useful to determine relative flood vulnerabilities to climate change for supporting flood control planning in the watershed, but also can be extended to estimate vulnerabilities of water quality and water supply to climate change.     

美国的水土保持及小流域治理

在分析美国水土资源及开发情况的基础上，系统评述美国水土保持及小流域治理的管理经验及技术措施，对中、美两国的国情及治理模式的差异进行对比，分析并提出了在水土保持及小流域治理方面可以借鉴的经验。     

流域一体化下的生态文明先行示范区建设探索

以抚仙湖流域为研究区域,通过系统收集分析流域多年水量水质监测数据,诊断流域保护与发展面临的主要矛盾,并基于流域一体化管理思想,提出了流域保护与发展的可能路径:1创新抚仙湖流域生态文明示范区行政管理体制,从发展思路确立抚仙湖流域实施"严格环境保护、创新生态发展"的转型战略,真正树立和实现"大景区"环境保护和"大旅游"产业发展的生态文明建设理念;2在全面实现生态发展战略的前提下,建议将流域实施分区管控,调减农业用地面积,积极发展现代观光农业和旅游业;3通过生态搬迁,优化城乡布局,实施抚仙湖流域全域"大旅游景区"战略,实现生态资源-资产-资本的良性转化。     

小流域坝系优化规划模型及其应用

在水土保持治沟坝系规划中，采用非线性规划方法，建立了适用于新建坝系规划和已成坝系改造规划的小流域坝系优化规划模型，利用该模型可求出坝系中诸坝较优的建坝高度和适宜的建坝时间。以孙家沟流域为例，对建立的优化模型进行了验证。     

Integrated Water Resource Development Plan for Sustainable Management of Mayurakshi Watershed, India using Remote Sensing and GIS

Integrated watershed management requires a host of inter-related information to be generated and studied in relation to each other. Remote sensing technique provides valuable and up-to-date spatial information on natural resources and physical terrain parameters. Geographical Information System (GIS) with its capability of integration and analysis of spatial, aspatial, multi-layered information obtained in a wide variety of formats both from remote sensing and other conventional sources has proved to be an effective tool in planning for watershed development. In this study, area and locale specific watershed development plans were generated for Mayurakshi watershed, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Adopting Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD) guidelines, decision rules were framed. Using the overlay and decision tree concepts water resource development plan was generated. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1C), Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-III) satellite data along with other field and collateral data on lithology, soil, slope, well inventory, fracture have been utilized for generating land use/land cover and hydro geomorphology of the study area, which are an essential prerequisites for water resources planning and development. Spatial data integration and analyses are carried out in GIS environment.