污泥焚烧渣处理含镍废水的模拟实验

污泥焚烧渣具有较大的表面积,对镍离子有一定的吸附能力.本文研究了吸附时间、镍离子初始浓度、废水pH和城市污泥焚烧渣投加量对废水中镍离子吸附率的影响.结果表明,当镍离子初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,废水pH为7.0,吸附时间为6 h,城市污泥焚烧渣投加量为10 g/L时,吸附效果最佳.     

煤矸石复合吸附剂对含铅废水处理性能研究

以煤矸石、石灰石和氯化铝为原料,制备呈碱性的复合吸附剂和呈中性的复合吸附剂,处理含铅(Ⅱ)废水,结果表明,碱性吸附剂的最佳吸附条件为投加量0.5 g,吸附时间60 min,p H为1,反应温度为25℃时,此时吸附量为7.62 mg/g,去除率为96.68%;中性吸附剂的最佳吸附条件为投加量0.5 g,吸附时间80 min,p H为1,反应温度25℃,此时吸附量达到7.19 mg/g,去除率为85.40%。碱性复合吸附剂吸附含铅(Ⅱ)废水能较好的与准二级动力学拟合,中性复合吸附剂吸附含铅(Ⅱ)废水能较好的与准一级动力学拟合。采用Freundlich方程描述碱性复合吸附剂吸附低浓度和高浓度含铅(Ⅱ)废水,用Langmuir方程描述中性吸附剂吸附低浓度含铅(Ⅱ)废水,用Temkin方程描述中性吸附剂吸附高浓度含铅(Ⅱ)废水。     

厌氧颗粒污泥对水中铅离子的吸附与解吸附

采用厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中的Pb2+进行了吸附和解吸附研究. 结果表明,影响Pb2+吸附的主要因素是溶液pH、污泥投加量、Pb2+的初始浓度及接触时间. 处理25 mL Pb2+浓度为100 mg/L的(pH 4~5)模拟废水时,投加0.1 g污泥,污泥吸附容量为121.1 mg/g,对废水中Pb2+的吸附率可达99.5%. 未经烘干处理的颗粒污泥有更强的吸附能力,其吸附过程符合Lagergren二级动力学方程,吸附等温线可由Langmuir和Freundlich方程很好地拟合,相关性良好. 吸附Pb2+后的厌氧颗粒污泥用0.1 mol/L硝酸经3次解吸后,解吸率可达93.11%.     

剩余污泥吸附废水中汞和砷的研究

对剩余污泥吸附废水中汞和砷的特性进行了研究。以模拟废水为实验对象,探讨了p H、剩余污泥投加量、吸附时间等对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,在模拟水样环境下,当p H=7,剩余污泥投加量为150 g/L,吸附时间为12 h时,可以获得最佳吸附效果;吸附过程遵循Langmuir定律。研究同时发现,溶液中汞和砷的初始浓度与吸附率成反比,与吸附容量成正比。利用此方法处理环境水样可达到很好的效果。     

煤矸石复合吸附剂对含铅废水处理性能研究

以煤矸石、石灰石和氯化铝为原料,制备呈碱性的复合吸附剂和呈中性的复合吸附剂,处理含铅(Ⅱ)废水,结果表明,碱性吸附剂的最佳吸附条件为投加量0.5 g,吸附时间60 min,p H为1,反应温度为25℃时,此时吸附量为7.62 mg/g,去除率为96.68%;中性吸附剂的最佳吸附条件为投加量0.5 g,吸附时间80 min,p H为1,反应温度25℃,此时吸附量达到7.19 mg/g,去除率为85.40%。碱性复合吸附剂吸附含铅(Ⅱ)废水能较好的与准二级动力学拟合,中性复合吸附剂吸附含铅(Ⅱ)废水能较好的与准一级动力学拟合。采用Freundlich方程描述碱性复合吸附剂吸附低浓度和高浓度含铅(Ⅱ)废水,用Langmuir方程描述中性吸附剂吸附低浓度含铅(Ⅱ)废水,用Temkin方程描述中性吸附剂吸附高浓度含铅(Ⅱ)废水。     

给水厂含铝污泥对含磷废水的吸附特性研究

为研究给水厂含铝污泥对水中磷的吸附特性,考察了污泥投加量、p H、磷初始浓度、污泥粒径、吸附时间以及温度等因素对除磷效果的影响。结果表明,在污泥投加量为15 g/L,p H为2~10,磷初始质量浓度为10 mg/L,污泥粒径为0.15~0.3 mm,吸附100 min时,除磷效果最好,磷去除率为90.93%,吸附量为0.60 mg/g。磷吸附量与磷初始浓度成线性关系,并且温度越高,吸附量越大。给水厂含铝污泥对磷的吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级动力学模型,吸附数据与采用Langmuir等温吸附模型得出的计算值吻合很好,且吸附反应为吸热反应,能自发进行。     

给水厂铝污泥对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

采用铝污泥作为吸附剂去除废水中的Cd~(2+),研究铝污泥投加量、粒径、初始Cd~(2+)浓度、溶液pH以及不同改性温度对吸附性能的影响。动力学实验和等温吸附实验表明,铝污泥对Cd~(2+)的吸附结果符合准二级动力学和Freundlich等温吸附方程;Cd~(2+)的最大吸附量为3.32 mg/g,化学吸附是速率限制步骤。高温改性能够增强铝污泥对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力,且煅烧温度越高,改性后的铝污泥吸附能力越强。经200,400,600℃改性的铝污泥对Cd~(2+)的吸附量分别为原始铝污泥的1.2,1.5,2.2倍。     

污泥陶粒对Ni2+吸附特性的研究

将污水厂排出的剩余污泥添加粘土和矿渣在不同的温度下烧制成滤料,研究在不同投加量、震荡时间、pH值、离子初始浓度等条件下滤料对Ni2+的吸附性能。通过分析,吸附性能在一定范围内分别随投加量和震荡时间的增加而增加,在投加量达到9 g、吸附时间达到110 min时吸附平衡。在弱酸到中性条件与较低Ni2+初始浓度下吸附性能较优。     

热改性铝污泥对水中磷的吸附性能

考察了接触时间、pH、投加量对热改性铝污泥吸附磷的影响,确定了其最佳吸附条件和影响因素顺序。结果表明,除磷影响因素依次为磷溶液初始浓度接触时间溶液pH投加量,改性铝污泥吸附除磷的最佳条件:初始磷浓度为60.00 mg/L,pH值为3.0,投加量为4 g/L,振荡反应时间为4 h,改性铝污泥对磷的最高去除率达77.2%。     

给水厂铝污泥对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

采用铝污泥作为吸附剂去除废水中的Cd⁽²⁺⁾,研究铝污泥投加量、粒径、初始Cd(2+),研究铝污泥投加量、粒径、初始Cd⁽²⁺⁾浓度、溶液pH以及不同改性温度对吸附性能的影响。动力学实验和等温吸附实验表明,铝污泥对Cd(2+)浓度、溶液pH以及不同改性温度对吸附性能的影响。动力学实验和等温吸附实验表明,铝污泥对Cd⁽²⁺⁾的吸附结果符合准二级动力学和Freundlich等温吸附方程;Cd(2+)的吸附结果符合准二级动力学和Freundlich等温吸附方程;Cd⁽²⁺⁾的最大吸附量为3.32 mg/g,化学吸附是速率限制步骤。高温改性能够增强铝污泥对Cd(2+)的最大吸附量为3.32 mg/g,化学吸附是速率限制步骤。高温改性能够增强铝污泥对Cd⁽²⁺⁾的吸附能力,且煅烧温度越高,改性后的铝污泥吸附能力越强。经200,400,600℃改性的铝污泥对Cd(2+)的吸附能力,且煅烧温度越高,改性后的铝污泥吸附能力越强。经200,400,600℃改性的铝污泥对Cd⁽²⁺⁾的吸附量分别为原始铝污泥的1.2,1.5,2.2倍。     

From pollutant to solution of wastewater pollution: Synthesis of activated carbon from textile sludge for dye adsorption

Adsorption is an important process in wastewater treatment,and conversion of waste materials to adsorbent offers a solution to high material cost related to the use of commercial activated carbon.This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Reactive Black 5(RB5)and methylene blue(MB)onto activated carbon produced from textile sludge(TSAC).The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation of precursor followed with carbonization at 650°C under nitrogen flow.Effects of time(0–200 min),pH(2–10),temperature(25–60°C),initial dye concentration(0–200 mg·L~(-1)),and adsorbent dosage(0.01–0.15 g)on dye removal efficiency were investigated.Preliminary screening revealed that TSAC synthesized via H_2SO_4activation showed higher adsorption behaviour than TSAC activated by KCl and ZnCl_2.The adsorption capacity of TSAC was found to be 11.98 mg·g~(-1)(RB5)and 13.27 mg·g~(-1)(MB),and is dependent on adsorption time and initial dye concentration.The adsorption data for both dyes were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model which explains the heterogeneous nature of TSAC surface.The dye adsorption obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model,thus chemisorption was the controlling step.This study reveals potential of textile sludge in removal of dyes from aqueous solution,and further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of waste water containing toxic dyes from textile industry.     

凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料对刚果红的吸附性能研究

文章以凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料处理原水中的刚果红,探讨了滤料投加量、吸附时间、温度、pH及原水初始浓度等因素对刚果红去除处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,25℃时,在中性50 mg/L的刚果红溶液中,振荡60 min,凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料对刚果红溶液的吸附可达平衡。凹凸棒活性炭复合滤料作为吸附剂处理含刚果红废水,是一种有效的方法。     

活性污泥对pb^2＋的生物吸附特征研究

研究了活性污泥对重金属离子Pb^2＋的吸附特征。结果表明,当Pb^2＋的初始质量浓度为60mg／L时,Pb^2＋在活性污泥上吸附30min后基本达到平衡,吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程来描述（R^2=0．9994）,平衡吸附量qe为50mg／g,准二级速率常数k2为0．0095g/（mg·min）;吸附温度对吸附效果影响不大;pH值对吸附效果的影响很大,溶液pH值为3—4时吸附效果较好;活性污泥的投加量对吸附效果有很大的影响,在Pb^2＋的质量浓度一定的情况下随着污泥投加量的增加吸附效果反而减弱。     

活性污泥对Pb~(2+)的生物吸附特征研究

研究了活性污泥对重金属离子Pb2+的吸附特征。结果表明,当Pb2+的初始质量浓度为60mg/L时,Pb2+在活性污泥上吸附30min后基本达到平衡,吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程来描述(R2=0.9994),平衡吸附量qe为50mg/g,准二级速率常数k2为0.0095g/(mg.min);吸附温度对吸附效果影响不大;pH值对吸附效果的影响很大,溶液pH值为3～4时吸附效果较好;活性污泥的投加量对吸附效果有很大的影响,在Pb2+的质量浓度一定的情况下随着污泥投加量的增加吸附效果反而减弱。     

污泥活性炭的制备及其脱色性能

以污水污泥为原料,采用物理活化法制得污泥活性炭,并用该活性炭处理染料废水,研究了pH值、污泥活性炭的投加量、温度、吸附时间等因素对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率的影响。结果表明:用污泥制备的活性炭,其碘值和亚甲基兰吸附值分别为254.36 mg/g和20.26 mg/g,而且BET比表面积值为25.1995 m2/g,总孔容积为0.0399 m3/g,具有较好的吸附性能;将污泥活性炭用来吸附氨基黑染料,并与商品活性炭处理氨基黑染料的效果进行对比,自制污泥活性炭的脱色效果达到了商品活性炭的水平;污泥活性炭对氨基黑染料的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线。     

污泥活性炭处理亚甲基蓝染料废水的研究

采用污泥活性炭处理亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水,研究了模拟废水初始浓度、污泥活性炭投加量、pH值、水浴吸附时间等因素对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率的影响,探讨污泥活性炭处理染料废水的适宜工艺条件。实验结果表明:随着染料废水初始浓度的增大,脱色率和COD去除率均表现出下降趋势;随着污泥活性炭投加量的增加,脱色率和COD去除率效果均十分明显;随着模拟废水pH值的增大,其脱色率基本呈现增大趋势,而COD去除率则先增大后减小,当pH在7.6～7.8时,脱色率与COD去除率均出现最大值;在延长水浴时间的同时,脱色率和COD去除率均表现出较好的效果。本实验处理染料废水的适宜条件为:染料废水的初始浓度为2.5mg/L,调节染料废水的pH值7~8,加入0.8g污泥活性炭,30℃条件下2h。     

Effects of thermal treatments on five different waste activated sludge samples solubilisation, physical properties and anaerobic digestion

In order to face excess waste activated sludge management problems, sludge anaerobic digestion with thermal pre-treatment is of great interest. If most of works agree on the optimal treatment temperature (160–180 °C), results of thermal pre-treatments in terms of biogas production are very dispersed. With the aim of analysing the impact of sludge samples, thermal pre-treatments were carried on five different waste activated sludge samples.

For temperatures lower than 200 °C, COD solubilisation was found to increase linearly with treatment temperature and all the different sludge samples behaved in the same way. For temperatures lower than 150 °C, carbohydrates solubilisation was more important than proteins solubilisation. Analyses of sludge apparent viscosity, settleabilty and dewaterability (CST) of pre-treated sludge pointed out a threshold temperature of 150 °C. Thermal treatments up to 190 °C allowed the biogas production to increase during batch anaerobic digestion of sludge. Biogas volume enhancement was linked to sludge COD solubilisation and to untreated sludge initial biodegradability; the lower the initial biodegradability, the higher is the impact of thermal treatment.     

废菌渣活性炭的制备及对废水中硝基苯的吸附

以废菌渣为原料制备活性炭，采用能量-色散光谱（EDS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）进行表征，结果表明：活性炭表面具有多种官能团，有利于提高对硝基苯的吸附。并研究了活性炭吸附硝基苯的影响因素（pH、初始浓度、吸附时间、投加量）、吸附等温线及热力学。结果表明：在常温中性pH条件下，初始浓度为50mg/L，活性炭用量为0.15g时硝基苯去除率可达98%，出水水质满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978－1996）中对硝基苯浓度低于2.0mg/L的要求。活性炭对硝基苯的吸附具有较快的吸附速率，即1min接近平衡。该吸附行为是自发放热反应，可以用Freundlich模型很好地拟合。废菌渣活性炭对硝基苯的吸附主要是疏水作用和氧化钼活化共同作用的结果。因此，以农业废弃物-废菌渣制备得到的废菌渣活性炭具有良好的经济实用性，可用于废水处理中，实现以废治废的目的。     

活性污泥对废水中铍的吸附与解吸

本文研究了活性污泥对水中铍的吸附特性。考察了时间、温度、pH、共存离子等对吸附过程的影响，以及吸附过程中溶液pH的变化规律，研究结果表明：铍在污泥上的吸附主要为快速的表面吸附，受温度影响不大，在pH3—7范围，吸附量随pH的升高而增大，铜、铅、锌、钙由于共同竞争吸附电位而使吸附量下降，铁、铝等由于产生微沉淀而致使吸附量增加，钠由于具有竞争和生成复盐双重作用导致吸附量交叉变化，硫酸根和磷酸根由于与铍生成沉淀而增加去除率，而氟和铍生成稳定配离子使去除率下降，溶液pH由于生成配离子而呈现反常的升高；此外，还探讨了不同解吸刑对污泥中铍的解吸效果，结果表明，盐酸解吸效果最佳，解吸率高达96．73％。     

Removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions using powdered corn cobs

This paper is a report on an investigation conducted on adsorption of lead ions (Pb²⁺) onto powdered corn cobs (PCC). Corn cobs were collected from a selected location in Nigeria. The corn cobs were crushed and pulverised into different particle sizes. Its compositions and adsorption properties of Pb²⁺ onto PCC were studied. The effects of pH, particle size of PCC, and initial concentration of Pb²⁺ on the adsorption properties were monitored. The adsorption capacities were analysed by using standard adsorption models. The models were evaluated statistically (total error, coefficient of determination (CD), model of selection criterion (MSC), and root mean square error). The study revealed that PCC contained 2.33%, 86.89%, 10.78%, 0.52%, and 4.56% ash, volatile, moisture, solubility in water, and solubility in 0.25 M of HCl by mass, respectively. Acid digestion of a gram of PCC indicated that PCC contained no chromium and lead, but contained 131 mg Fe, 54.79% carbon, 8.03% hydrogen, 0.41% nitrogen, 0.010 mg of Al, and 1.70 mg calcium. The isotherm models parameters were 28.509 L/mg and 0.141 mg/g; 0.138 mg/g and 11.494 L/mg; 0.142 L/mg and 0.013 mg/g; 0.129 mg/g and 25.641 L/mg, 28.509 L/mg, 3.795 mg/g and 2.336 for Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, activated sludge, and Redlich–Peterson. The PCC particle size, initial pH, and initial Pb²⁺ concentration had effects on the adsorption parameters. The statistical evaluations showed that the best model for adsorption of lead ions from raw water onto PCC based on lower errors, high CD (0.88), reliability (97.5%), and MSC (1.86) was Freundlich and followed by activated sludge model. It was concluded that PCC is a good adsorbent like powdered eggshell and other carbon‐based materials.