聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料力学及电性能研究

利用超声分散和原位聚合的方法制备了聚氨酯／碳纳米管((PUR／CNTs)复合材料,观察了该复合材料的微观结构,探讨了CNTs含量对复合材料力学性能和电性能的影响。结果表明,CNTs在基体中获得了较好的分散,当CNTs质量分数为2％时复合材料的力学性能得到全面提高,与PUR相比,拉伸强度提高11．6％,拉伸弹性模量提高11．3％,断裂伸长率提高10．4％;复合材料的导电性能得到明显的提高,在CNTs质量分数为0．5％时可用作抗静电材料。     

分子筛改性PET纤维的制备及其染色性能

采用分子筛、分散剂、偶联剂与PET切片共混纺丝制备分子筛改性PET纤维,讨论了分子筛的处理和加入方法等对改性PET纤维染色性能的影响。结果表明:母粒法纺丝比直接法纺丝好;对于分子筛与分散剂的混合,熔融法好于溶液法。当纤维中分子筛质量分数为3％时,改性PET纤维上染率提高2．45倍,加入适量的偶联剂后,其断裂强度较PET纤维提高约4％,上染率达到79．09％,分子筛在PET基体中分散均匀。     

PET/纳米TiO2抗紫外纤维的制备及性能研究

将金红石型TiO2添加至聚合反应体系中进行原位聚合,得到PET／纳米TiO2复合材料,通过透射 电镜(TEM)、扫描探针显微镜(SPM)研究了纳米TiO2在PET基体中的分散情况。将复合材料纺制成纤维, 并进行了力学性能、抗紫外性能等测试。结果表明,金红石型TiO2在基体中分散较均匀,TiO2质量分数为 1％时,基本呈纳米尺寸分散;PET／纳米TiO2纤维中含1％TiO2时,断裂强度较纯PET纤维下降6％左右,断 裂伸长率、结晶度也有所下降。织物对UVA,UVB波段的紫外线具有优异的屏蔽效果,抗紫外因子(UPF 值)可达50以上。     

PF/玄武岩纤维/CNTs复合材料的研究

利用碳纳米管(CNTs)对酚醛树脂(PF)/玄武岩纤维(CBF)复合材料进行改性.研究了CNTs含量对PF/CBF复合材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的影响.研究表明,CNTs的加入能明显提高复合材料的力学性能,当CNTs质量分数为1.5％时,复合材料的弯曲强度最大,较未加入CNTs的复合材料提高约39.5％;当CNTs质量分数...     

含碳纳米管导电PET纤维的研究

将纳米组装高分子(PEEM)作为载体,使碳纳米管(CNT)及金属氧化物在其中充分分散,分别制成CNT母粒和导电剂,再与聚酯切片共混纺丝制备导电PET纤维。探讨了CNT母粒含量、导电剂含量、导电剂／CNT母粒配比、纤维的导电性能以及导电纤维的耐洗涤性、力学性能。研究结果表明:在CNT质量分数为0.18％、导电剂质量分数为2％时,制得导电PET纤维的体积比电阻为3.86×108 Ω·cm,且力学性能较纯PET下降不大。通过浸泡水洗,其体积比电阻基本不变,说明其具有优良、比较稳定的导电性和耐洗涤性。对纤维导电机理做了初步探讨。     

PET负离子纤维的制备及其性能研究

将经质量分数为3％的钛酸酯偶联剂表面修饰过的电气石粉体加入到聚酯(PET)中共混造粒后母粒法纺丝,制备PET负离子纤维。研究了电气石粉体含量对切片热力学性质、纤维结晶性能和力学性能以及负离子性能的影响。结果表明:随着电气石粉体含量的增加,纺丝温度适当降低,纤维结晶度降低,力学性能略有下降,质量分数为2％和4％粉体的纤维的负离子释放分别达到460个／cm3和480个／cm3。     

碳纳米管和偶联剂协同作用对热塑性复合材料力学性能的影响

将碳纳米管(CNTs)和硅烷偶联剂(AMEO)分散至纤维表面,制备聚芳硫醚(PAS)/玻璃纤维布/CNTs/AMEO复合材料,并探究复合材料的表面形貌和力学性能。结果表明:未经偶联剂处理的体系中,CNTs与纤维的结合性较弱。将CNTs进行羧化和偶联剂处理,能够提高CNTs和纤维之间的结合强度,提升纤维与PAS之间的应力传递,进一步提高复合材料的力学性能。当AMEO加入量为400、800、1 200、1 600μL/gCNTs,复合材料的拉伸强度分别为352、381、403、390 MPa,弯曲强度分别为380、414、443、478 MPa。由此得出,CNTs和AMEO协同作用明显提高复合材料的力学性能。     

再生PET纤维/LLDPE复合材料的结构及性能

以废弃无纺布为研究对象制得再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维,通过热压成型技术制备PET/线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)复合膜,研究了不同PET纤维含量对PET/LLDPE复合材料结构及性能的影响。结果表明:PET纤维在LLDPE基体中均匀分散,纤维与基体相界面结合力较强;PET纤维的异相成核作用促进了LLDPE的结晶,使结晶度增加;纤维的加入显著改善了PET/LLDPE复合膜的力学性能,当PET纤维质量分数为0.1%时,PET/LLDPE复合膜的拉伸强度提高了38.60%,断裂韧性提高到原来的1.5倍。     

PET／CGP共混纤维的制备与性能

采用易染聚酯(CGP)切片与PET切片按一定比例共混,造粒,纺丝得到150 dtex／36 f PET／CGP共混纤维,分析了共混纤维的染色性能和力学性能。结果表明:在常压沸染条件下,PET／CGP共混纤维的染色性能较PET纤维显著提高。随着CGP含量的增加,纤维上染率明显增加,但纤维的力学性能略有下降。当纤维中CGP质量分数为50％时,PET／CGP共混纤维的分散蓝2BLN上染率达92．73％,分散黄SE-4GL上染率达70．41％。     

聚氯乙烯/秸秆粉木塑复合材料的性能研究

采用模压成型法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/秸秆粉木塑复合材料,研究了秸秆粉含量及不同偶联剂处理对复合材料力学性能和接触角的影响。结果表明,当秸秆粉含量为40%(质量分数,下同)时,复合材料的弯曲强度最大,且在复合材料的内部,秸秆纤维相对较均匀地分布于PVC基体中,复合材料性能相对较好;经偶联剂改性的复合材料的力学性能均有所提高,经硅烷偶联剂改性的秸秆粉含量为50%的复合材料的洛氏硬度、弯曲强度均最大;且在复合材料内部,秸秆纤维更均匀地融入PVC基体中,硅烷偶联剂的改性效果较好。     

CNTs表面包覆PPy对PVC复合材料电导率的影响

为促进碳纳米管(CNTs)更为有效地应用于聚合物抗静电复合材料,采用原位聚合在CNTs表面生成聚吡咯(PPy)包覆层得到CNT-PPy,其组成通过傅立叶变换红外光谱分析和热重分析确认。CNT-PPy作为导电剂添加到聚氯乙烯(PVC)中制备PVC/CNT-PPy复合材料,对比分析PVC/CNT-PPy复合材料电导率的变化规律可得:PPy修饰CNTs可降低PVC/CNT-PPy复合材料中CNTs的逾渗阈值;当PPy包覆层在CNT-PPy中质量分数约为51.1%,CNT-PPy在复合材料中的质量分数为3%时,制得PVC复合材料的电导率可达到10–7 S/cm量级。由此可知,CNTs表面可控的PPy修饰量对PVC/CNTs复合材料抗静电性能起到显著的提升作用,为CNTs作为高性能导电剂应用提供更多的空间。     

Electrical conductivity and major mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotube‐filled polyurethane foams

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/rigid polyurethane (PU) foam composites with a low percolation threshold of ～ 1.2 wt % were prepared by constructing effective conductive paths with homogeneous dispersion of the CNTs in both the cell walls and struts of the PU foam. The conductive foam presented excellent electrical stability under various temperature fields, highlighting the potential applications for a long‐term use over a wide temperature range from 20 to 180°C. Compression measurements and dynamical mechanical analysis indicated 31% improvement in compression properties and 50% increase in storage modulus at room temperature in the presence of CNTs (2.0 wt %). Additionally, the incorporation of only 0.5 wt % CNTs induced remarkable thermal stabilization of the matrix, with the degradation temperature increasing from 450 to 499°C at the 50% weight loss. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

碳纳米管填料静电自组装制备及在导电塑料中的应用

为了提高碳纳米管(CNTs)在塑料中的分散性能,设计碳纳米管填料(CNTs Filler)。阳/非离子表面活性剂复配在水中分散CNTs,并赋予CNTs表面正电性。与表面负电性的炭黑或聚苯乙烯微球复合,通过静电吸附作用自组装形成均匀稳定的复合物,制备出CNTs Filler。对比了CNTs Filler、CNTs和炭黑在PS和ABS塑料中,经不同成型工艺的导电结果,证明了使用碳纳米管填料提高了碳纳米管在塑料中的分散性能,总结了碳纳米管相对炭黑作为塑料导电功能体适合压延成型加工。推荐碳纳米管用于导电片材、导电薄膜和高导电塑料等领域。     

High performance of carbon nanotubes/silver nanowires-PET hybrid flexible transparent conductive films via facile pressing-transfer technique

To obtain low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, small open spaces in conductive networks, and enhanced adhesion of flexible transparent conductive films, a carbon nanotube (CNT)/silver nanowire (AgNW)-PET hybrid film was fabricated by mechanical pressing-transfer process at room temperature. The morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), the optical transmittance and sheet resistance were tested by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) spectrophotometer and four-point probe technique, and the adhesion was also measured by 3M sticky tape. The results indicate that in this hybrid nanostructure, AgNWs form the main conductive networks and CNTs as assistant conductive networks are filled in the open spaces of AgNWs networks. The sheet resistance of the hybrid films can reach approximately 20.9 to 53.9 Ω/□ with the optical transmittance of approximately 84% to 91%. The second mechanical pressing step can greatly reduce the surface roughness of the hybrid film and enhance the adhesion force between CNTs, AgNWs, and PET substrate. This process is hopeful for large-scale production of high-end flexible transparent conductive films.     

Electrical resistance of CNT-PEEK composites under compression at different temperatures

Electrically conductive polymers reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have generated a great deal of scientific and industrial interest in the last few years. Advanced thermoplastic composites made of three different weight percentages (8%, 9%, and 10%) of multiwalled CNTs and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were prepared by shear mixing process. The temperature- and pressure-dependent electrical resistance of these CNT-PEEK composites have been studied and presented in this paper. It has been found that electrical resistance decreases significantly with the application of heat and pressure.     

碳纳米管填料的静电自组装制备及在导电涂料中的应用

采用砂磨设备取代超声设备、阳/非离子表面活性剂复配分散碳纳米管,分散液与表面电负性的云母或二氧化钛复合,通过静电吸附作用自组装形成均匀稳定的复合物,制备出碳纳米管填料。探讨了碳纳米管填料在环氧涂料中的导电特性,对比了不同导电功能体涂料的防腐性能。提出碳纳米管导电填料在重防腐行业(如石油化工、煤炭工业)有广阔的应用前景。     

超声辐照制备聚醋酸乙烯酯/碳纳米管/炭黑导电复合材料

采用两步法制备了导电性聚醋酸乙烯酯/碳纳米管/炭黑复合材料。实验结果表明:超声辐照乳液聚合比常规搅拌能更有效地破坏CNTs的团聚和缠绕,实现其均匀分散。因而CNTs可作为"桥梁"连接导电炭黑,形成导电网络,增加复合材料中形成的导电通路数,增大载流子在导电粒子间的跃迁几率,提高聚醋酸乙烯酯/炭黑复合材料的导电率。当聚醋酸乙烯酯/炭黑复合材料中含有0.28%碳纳米管时,复合材料的电阻率从7.7×104Ω·cm降低到3.9×103Ω·cm,下降了19倍。     

Transparent conductive film based on carbon nanotubes and PEDOT composites

Single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs), thin multiwalled carbon nanotubes (t-MWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were treated with H₂SO₄–HNO₃ acid solution, under different chemical conditions. The acid-treated CNTs were dispersed in DI water and in poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) solution. Furthermore, the finely dispersed CNTs/PEDOT solutions were employed to a simple method of bar coating to obtain the transparent conductive films on the glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. A sheet resistance of 247 Ω/sq and a transmission of 84.7% were obtained at a concentration of the acid-treated CNTs of 0.01 wt.%.     

聚酯/碳纳米管共混纤维的抗静电性能

通过采用碳纳米管(CNTs)与聚酯(PET)切片混合制成抗静电母粒,再将抗静电母粒与PET切片共混纺丝制得PET/CNTs共混纤维。用纤维比电阻仪、摩擦式织物静电测试仪测量不同CNTs含量的共混纤维及其织物的抗静电性能。研究结果表明:添加少量的CNTs能明显改善聚酯纤维和织物的抗静电性能,共混纤维的抗静电性能随着CNTs添加量的增加而提高。     

Electrical and mechanical behaviors of carbon nanotube‐filled polymer blends

Four carbon nanotube (CNT)‐filled polymer blends, i.e., CNT‐filled polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polyvinylidene fluoride, PET/nylon 6,6, PET/polypropylene, and PET/high‐density polyethylene blends, have been injection‐molded and characterized in terms of their microstructures, electrical conductivities, and mechanical properties. The distribution of CNTs in the polymer blends has been examined based on their wetting coefficients and minimization of the interfacial energy. The electrical conductivity and mechanical properties have been related to the cocontinuous polymer blends, the conductive path formed by CNTs, the CNT distribution, and the intrinsic properties of the constituent polymers. It is found that to obtain a CNT‐filled polymer composite with both high electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties, it is preferred that most CNTs distribute in one polymer phase, while the other polymer phase(s) remain neat. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 477–488, 2006