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木质纤维素转化为燃料乙醇的研究进展 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
以木质纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇的生物转化方法包括预处理、酶水解和发酵过程,对这些过程中的技术进展以及解决现存问题的方法进行了评述。氨法爆破技术是较好的预处理方法,超声波、微波处理等新技术有助于改善酶水解。阐述了酶水解机理、纤维素酶的生产以及酶水解过程的优化方法。指出固定化酶糖化发酵技术在生物转化木质纤维原料技术中的前景广阔;选择合适的发酵方法,优化发酵过程,以及解决抑制问题对于提高乙醇产率尤为重要;利用基因重组技术构建旨在发酵混合糖的重组菌对于生产生物乙醇具有里程碑意义。 相似文献
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近十年来,随着石油价格的上涨以及化石燃料使用对全球变暖的影响,利用木质素纤维素制取燃料乙醇日益成为国内外研究的热点。木质纤维素制取乙醇的主要步骤包括:原料的预处理、纤维素的糖化、发酵、产品分离。木质纤维素的组成包括木质素、半纤维素和纤维素,其中木质素和半纤维素对纤维素的水解具有阻碍作用。因此,在木质纤维素制取乙醇的工艺过程中,原料的预处理是非常关键的步骤,影响整个木质纤维素乙醇的生产过程。文章回顾了木质纤维素原料主要的预处理技术的最新进展,并结合后续的水解与发酵工序,对各种预处理技术的优缺点进行了对比。 相似文献
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在分析美国、日本、加拿大等国关于纤维素制取乙醇技术发展的基础上,对木质纤维素原料生产乙醇的预处理及水解为葡萄糖技术和纤维素原料发酵生产酒精生产技术、酒精废糟的处理利用进行了述评与讨论,对木质纤维素原料不同的预处理、水解和发酵方法进行了比较,展望了木质纤维素原料生产燃料酒精的前景. 相似文献
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木质纤维原料组分分离的研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
从木质纤维原料预处理对微生物转化的必要性和回收利用半纤维素、木质素意义两个方面分析了木质纤维原料组分分离的必要性。木质纤维原料组分分离意味着木质纤维原料的精制,不是把木质纤维原料仅作为纤维素单一资源看待,而是把它视为一种多组分物料,将木质纤维原料精制成为具有一定纯度的各种组分,并分别加工成有价值的产品,这也是生物量全利用对于木质纤维原料预处理提出的新要求,赋予新的哲理思想。根据生物量全利用的要求,提出了木质纤维原料组分分离技术的新定性评价标准。根据利用汽爆和乙醇萃取法联合对麦草组分分离的研究结果,可提出一条经济可行的麦草组分分离的工艺过程,半纤维素和木质素回收率分别达到了80%和75%,纤维素酶解率达90%以上。 相似文献
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植物纤维制备燃料乙醇的关键技术 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
由于中国人口众多、土地资源紧缺,农林植物纤维是发展燃料乙醇的可靠原料.南京林业大学在日处理原料5 吨、日产乙醇0.8吨的农林植物纤维生产燃料乙醇中试生产线上的研究结果表明,植物纤维经蒸汽爆破预处理后,用里氏木霉制备的纤维素酶进行酶水解,纤维素和半纤维素水解得率达71.3 %.含戊糖己糖的水解糖液经树干毕赤酵母发酵转化,糖利用率为87.2 %,乙醇得率为 0.43 g 乙醇/g消耗的糖,生产成本为每吨乙醇4000元左右.为使该技术形成生产力,有待解决的关键技术有:1)能耗低、损耗少的原料预处理技术,特别是蒸汽爆破预处理技术的研究;2)纤维素酶活力高、酶系结构合理的纤维素酶制备和酶水解技术,包括纤维素酶制备基因工程菌的构建,纤维素酶制备的定向调控,高β - 葡萄糖苷酶活力纤维素酶的合成,以及高糖化率纤维素酶水解模式和技术方法;3)戊糖代谢的研究,包括戊糖代谢调控发酵的研究和戊糖己糖同步发酵微生物基因工程菌株的构建;4)植物纤维资源制取乙醇的关键技术的整合和集成;5)能源木本植物的研究. 相似文献
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The applications of membrane separation within the bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol are studied, and this paper reports on cellulolytic enzyme recovery, and reduction of the product inhibition. The conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to hexoses and pentoses is carried out in a laboratory scale UF-membrane reactor, and the sugars, which have an inhibiting effect on the enzymes, are continuously removed with the permeate. By optimizing the space velocity, the enzyme inhibition is minimized and the rate of hydrolysis is significantly increased.The recovery of the enzymes has also been investigated with regard to their mechanical stability and adsorption on the substrate. Prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, the raw material is subjected to a pretreatment to make the cellulose more accessible to the enzymes, and the effect of the pretreatment can easily be evaluated in the UF-membrane reactor.As a result of the continuous removal of products formed in the hydrolysis, the permeate has a low content of fermentable sugars, and to give the optimal conditions for the fermentation a concentration step is needed. Different RO-membranes are tested in a laboratory scale batch cell to be able to choose a membrane material, fit for filtration in larger modules. 相似文献
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氨预处理对大豆秸秆纤维素酶解产糖影响的研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
为了提高大豆秸秆酶解产糖能力, 以利于从大豆秸秆中提取生物降解性塑料的原料 ?? 乳酸, 对大豆秸秆纤维素预处理过程的影响因素进行了探索,对预处理前后大豆秸秆的物理结构变化、化学成分变化及预处理条件对大豆秸秆酶水解产糖的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,粉碎结合氨处理对大豆秸秆酶水解影响较大,较适宜的预处理条件为大豆秸秆粉碎至 140 目,10%氨水处理 24h。经过预处理后大豆秸秆纤维素含量提高 70.27%, 半纤维素含量下降 41.45%, 木质素含量下降 30.16%, 有利于大豆秸秆酶解产糖。 相似文献
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玉米秸秆生物法制取酒精的中间试验 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
建立了玉米秸秆采用蒸汽爆破预处理、纤维素酶水解和戊糖己糖同步发酵技术制取酒精的中间试验装置。玉米秸秆在1.6~2.0 MPa条件下蒸汽爆破预处理,在提高玉米秸秆对纤维素酶可及度的同时,玉米秸秆中纤维素、木聚糖和木质素损失分别为4.08%、40.02%和9.91%。里氏木霉以10%的原料制备纤维素酶,并用于降解剩余的90%的原料,滤纸酶活力和纤维素酶水解得率分别为2.27 FPIU/mL和71.3%。初始还原物浓度为43.65 g/L的水解糖液经树干毕赤酵母发酵16 h,还原物利用率和酒精得率分别为87.17%和0.43 g/g(酒精/消耗的糖)。 相似文献
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Chia‐Hung Kuo Po‐Ju Lin Cheng‐Kang Lee 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2010,85(10):1346-1352
BACKGROUND: Waste textiles, such as dyed cellulosic and/or polyester blended fabrics have the potential to serve as an alternative feedstock for the production of biological products via microbial fermentation. Dissolution pretreatment was employed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of dyed and synthetic fiber blended cellulosic fabrics. The fermentable reducing sugars obtained from waste cellulosic fabrics were used to culture Gluconobacter xylinus for value‐added bacterial cellulose (BC) production. RESULTS: Concentrated phosphoric acid was the ultimate cellulose solvent for dissolution pretreatment since 5% w/w cellulosic fabric can be completed dissolved at 50 °C. After regeneration in water, the cellulosic precipitate was subjected to cellulase hydrolysis, resulting in at least 4‐fold enhancement of saccharification rate and reducing sugars yield. The colored saccharification products can be utilized by G. xylinus to produce BC, approximately 1.8 g L?1 BC pellicle was obtained after 7 days static cultivation. CONCLUSION: Dyed and blended waste fabric can be pretreated effectively by dissolution to produce fermentable sugars by cellulase hydrolysis. Dissolution pretreatment can expose the dyed or polyester fiber covered digestible cellulosic fibers to cellulase and leads to a significant enhancement of saccharification yield. The colored saccharification products have no significant inhibiting effect on the fermentation activity of G. xylinus for BC production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Marina O.S. Dias Tassia L. Junqueira Otávio Cavalett Marcelo P. Cunha Charles D.F. Jesus Paulo E. Mantelatto Carlos E.V. Rossell Rubens Maciel Filho Antonio Bonomi 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2013
Sugarcane bagasse and trash are used as fuels in cogeneration systems for bioethanol production, supplying steam and electricity, but may also be used as feedstock for second generation ethanol. The amount of surplus lignocellulosic material used as feedstock depends on the energy consumption of the production process; residues of the pretreatment and hydrolysis operations (residual cellulose, lignin and eventually biogas from pentoses biodigestion) may be used as fuels and increase the amount of lignocellulosic material available as feedstock in hydrolysis. The configuration of the cogeneration system (boiler pressure, lignocellulosic material consumption and steam production, turbines efficiencies, among others) has a significant impact on consumption of fuel and electricity output; in the integrated first and second generation, it also affects overall ethanol production. Simulations of the integrated first and second generation ethanol production processes were carried out using Aspen Plus, comparing different configurations of the cogeneration systems and pentoses use (biodigestion and fermentation). Economic analysis shows that electricity sale can benefit second generation ethanol, even in relatively small amounts. Environmental analysis shows that the integrated first and second generation process has higher environmental impacts in most of the categories evaluated than first generation. 相似文献
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利用海带渣生产燃料乙醇的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对海带渣中的纤维成分进行了测定,并以海带渣为原料进行了发酵产纤维素乙醇的研究。通过实验初步建立了海带渣生产乙醇的预处理方法并确立了发酵方式,同时对南极低温纤维素酶QP7复配降解海带渣生产乙醇的效果进行了研究。实验结果表明,海带渣中纤维素含量达28.3%;稀酸预处理后,海带渣经分步糖化发酵得到的乙醇浓度高于相同条件下的秸秆乙醇浓度;在海带渣同步糖化发酵中以低温纤维素酶作为复配酶进行酶解,乙醇产量提高21%以上。海带渣作为生产纤维素乙醇的原料,具有良好的应用前景;既能为海带产业的综合利用提供新方向,而且能够为其它海藻的生物质能源开发提供数据和方法参考。 相似文献