添加物对立方氮化硼(cBN)合成及其特性的影响

立方氮化硼（cBN）是在碱金属、碱土金属及它们的氮化物、硼化物、硼氮化物等触媒参与，在高压高温条件下由六方氮化硼（hBN）转变而成的。文章就一些添加物，例如，Si、B2O3、AIN、VB族等价杂质、wBN、尿素、水等对hBN转变为cBN所产生的影响做一简要综述。     

氮化硼对锆刚玉莫来石材料力学性能及显微结构的影响

研究了锆刚玉米莫来石－氮化硼复合材料的显微结构及力学性能，结果表明，在锆刚玉莫来基质引入氮化硼，降低材料的抗折强度，但可提高断裂韧性。这是氮化硼的微裂纹增韧作用所致。氮化硼的编织状结构可阻碍晶界的滑移，降低材料高温强度的衰减率。材料内生成的针状９Ａｌ２Ｏ３．２Ｂ２Ｏ３，在断裂过程生产拔出效应，有利于力学性能的提高。     

磷酸锆材料及其应用

本文综述了磷酸锆合成方法以及磷酸锆在高温区的显微结构对热膨胀系数、强度的影响状况。并介绍了磷酸锆陶瓷、磷酸锆——锆英石复合陶瓷、磷酸锆——氧化铝复合陶瓷的研制与应用。     

锆刚玉莫来石对氮化硼材料显微结构及力学性能的影响

研究了锆刚玉莫来石对氮化硼材料显微结构及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，氮化硼呈编织状结构构成基体的骨架，氧化物颗粒分布于编织状结构的空隙处，起弥散强化和韧化的作用。随锆刚玉莫来石引入量的加大，材料的韧性、室温及高温抗折强度提高。材料内生成的９Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３·２Ｂ＿２Ｏ＿３（Ａ＿９Ｂ＿２），呈细条状存在，在材料断裂时会产生拔出效应。同时，对材料在空气和氮气中的高温强度变化规律进行了研究。     

添加物对熔铸33~#AZS砖结构和性能的影响

熔铸33＃AZS耐火砖添加少量脱硅锆或稀土氧化物的试验结果表明：该砖的相组成与显微结构得到改善。脱硅锆具有提高砖的玻璃相渗出温度和抗玻璃液侵蚀性能,以及减少气泡析出指数的作用。添加稀土氧化物可使砖的玻璃相渗出温度及粘度增高。前者更有利于提高该材料的性能和质量。     

添加物对MgO-ZrO2-C材料性能的影响

研究了Al和Si添加物对镁锆炭砖碳化烧成后膨胀性能的影响及机理。结果表明 :Al和Si在高温下氧化成Al2 O3和SiO2 ,继而与CaZrO3或用于稳定氧化锆的稳定剂反应 ,生成铝酸钙、MA、C2 S和M2 S,另外 ,C2 S和ZrO2 还发生了晶型转变。这一系列反应使试样产生很大的体积膨胀 ,从而破坏了制品结构。因此 ,与镁炭砖不同 ,Al和Si不但不能增强镁锆炭砖 ,而且使其结构破坏和耐侵蚀性降低。     

锆英石和氧化铝加入量对镁质浇注料性能的影响

研究了锆荚石和氧化铝的加入量对镁质浇注料常温物理性能、热震稳定性、高温抗折强度（１４５℃,１ｈ）及抗渣性能的影响。结果表明：锆英石和氧化铝的加入均降低了镁质浇注料的常温强度,提高了其热震稳定性,但对高温抗折强度影响不大;适量锆英石和氧化铝的加入均能改善镁质浇注料的抗渣渗透性。     

锆刚玉莫来石—氮化硼复合材料的抗氧化性能研究

推导了锆刚玉莫来石－氮化硼复合材料１０００－１２００℃温度范围内的氧化动力学模型，并用实验数据予以验证。     

添加物对硅线石烧结性能的影响

通过采用不同添加物进行制样并在不同温度下进行烧结实验 ,测试样的收缩率、吸水率、体积密度、显气孔率、玻璃相含量等 ,研究了Cr2 O3、MgO、TiO2 三种添加物对硅线石精矿烧结性能的影响。结果表明 :这些添加物均可改善硅线石的烧结性能 ,其最佳加入量分别为 :TiO2 2 %、MgO 2 %、Cr2 O33%     

氮化硼对聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

以氮化硼为填充,聚丙烯为基体,采用熔融共混的方法制备聚丙烯/氮化硼复合材料。通过力学性能、流动性能以及导热性能等研究发现,随着氮化硼的加入,复合材料的冲击性能、弯曲性能、熔体流动性均有明显提升,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、熔体流动速率有明显下降。氮化硼填充量为20%,复合材料的冲击强度为3.42 kJ/m²,弯曲强度为41.97 MPa,弯曲模量为2.78 GPa,拉伸强度为30.37 MPa,断裂伸长率为4.14%,熔体流动速率为2.89 g/(10 min),此时导热系数均为0.345 W/(m·K),比纯PP基体增加了50%。     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of boron nitride nanotube reinforced silicon nitride ceramics

In this study, silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics added with and without boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were fabricated by hot-pressing method. The influence of sintering temperature and BNNTs content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Si₃N₄ ceramics were investigated. It was found that both flexural strength and fracture toughness of Si₃N₄ were improved when sintering temperature increases. Moreover, α-Si₃N₄ phase could transform into β-Si₃N₄ phase completely when sintering temperature rises to 1800 °C and above. BNNTs can enhance the fracture toughness of Si₃N₄ dramatically, which increases from 7.2 MPa m^1/2 (no BNNTs) to 10.4 MPa m^1/2 (0.8 wt% BNNTs). However, excessive addition of BNNTs would reduce the fracture toughness of Si₃N₄. Meanwhile, the flexural strength and relative density of Si₃N₄ decreased slightly when BNNTs were added. The related toughening mechanism was also discussed.     

Mechanical and dielectric properties of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets/silicon nitride composites

Uniformly dispersed boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) reinforced silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) composites were prepared by surface modification assisted flocculation combined with SPS sintering. In order to improve the dispersibility of the BNNSs in the composites, the liquid phase stripped BNNSs are surface functionalized by a two-step covalently modification. The amino-modified BNNSs (NH₂-BNNSs) and Si₃N₄ powders have opposite surface potential, mixed evenly by electrostatic interaction during flocculation. The results showed that mechanical properties of Si₃N₄ composites were obviously enhanced by adding NH₂-BNNSs. The fracture toughness and bending strength of Si₃N₄ composites added 0.75 wt% NH₂-BNNSs were increased by 34% and 28%, respectively, compared with monolithic Si₃N₄. Toughening mechanisms are synergistic action of the torn, pull-out or bridging of BNNSs and crack deflection mechanisms with microstructural analyzes. The dielectric properties of the Si₃N₄ ceramics are also improved after the addition of NH₂-BNNSs.     

The effect of boron nitride nanosheets on the mechanical and thermal properties of aluminum nitride ceramics

The boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)/aluminum nitride (AlN) composites were prepared by hot press sintering at 1600°C. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the samples were measured, and the effect of adding BNNSs to AlN ceramics on the properties was studied. It is found that the addition of BNNSs can effectively improve the mechanical properties of AlN. When the additional amount is 1 wt%, the bending strength of the sample reaches the maximum value of 456.6 MPa, which is 23.1% higher than that of the AlN sample without BNNSs. The fracture toughness of the sample is 4.47 MPa m^1/2, a 68.7% improvement over the sample without BNNSs. The composites obtained in the experiment have brilliant mechanical properties.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystaline hexagonal boron nitride powders: XRD and luminescence properties

Nanocrystalline hexagonal boron nitride powders (h-BN) were synthesized from urea and boric acid followed by pirolysis and subsequent heat treatment in nitrogen atmosphere. Materials have been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, Photoluminescence and Field emission electron microscopy methods. Obtained results show that starting h-BN powder, synthesized at 750 °C, is composed of ~11 layer crystallites with average crystallite thickness and crystallite lateral size of 3.94 and 10.4 nm, respectively. A broad emission and intense luminescence intensity were observed due to the large atomic disorder. Higher annealing temperature increases crystallite size and turbostratic h-BN transforms to well crystallized h-BN at 1500 °C.     

Silicon nitride/boron nitride ceramic composites fabricated by reactive pressureless sintering

Using Si and BN powders as raw materials, silicon nitride/hexagonal boron nitride (Si₃N₄/BN) ceramic composites were fabricated at a relatively low temperature of 1450 °C by using the reaction bonding technology. The density and the nitridation rate, as well as the dimensional changes of the specimens before and after nitridation were discussed based on weight and dimension measurements. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that BN could promote the nitridation process of silicon powder. Morphologies of the fracture surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the fracture mode for Si₃N₄/BN ceramic composites to be intergranular. The flexural strength and Young's modulus decreased with the increasing BN content. The reaction-bonded Si₃N₄/BN ceramic composites showed better machinability compared with RBSN ceramics without BN addition.     

Spectral properties of spherical boron nitride prepared using carbon spheres as template

Spherical boron nitride nanoparticles have been successfully fabricated by temperature-controlled pyrolysis procedure in a N₂ atmosphere, using boron acid and urea as the precursors. The carbon spheres were prepared from glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) by a hydrothermal method as a template to be used. Comprehensive scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier infrared spectrum (IR) characterizations all confirm that the obtained products are spherical boron nitride. The amount of C₆H₁₂O₆ and reaction time were found to affect the morphology and structure of the as-prepared products. The average diameter of the spherical boron nitride nanoparticles synthesized with the addition of C₆H₁₂O₆ is about 0.3–1 µm. The spherical boron nitride has a high surface area of 176.78 m²g⁻¹ and ~3.5 nm pore size. The as-synthesized nanospheres also exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) bands at 436, 454, 486, and 616 nm under 312 nm excitation, indicating that they could have potential application in novel optical devices.     

Enhancing mechanical properties of fused silica composites by introducing well-dispersed boron nitride nanosheets

Well-dispersed boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) reinforced fused silica composites were successfully fabricated by surface modification assisted flocculation method. Surface modification can enhance the performance of flocculation process. BNNSs were homogeneously mixed with fused silica through the electrostatic interaction between hydroxylated BNNSs with negative charge and amino-modified fused silica with positive charge. The BNNSs can act as excellent nanofillers for enhancing the mechanical properties of fused silica composites. Approximately 74% and 48% increases in flexure strength and fracture toughness can be achieved for the 1.5 wt% BNNSs/fused silica composite, respectively. The toughening mechanisms were analyzed by microstructural characterization, especially for pull-out mechanism.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of boron nitride nanosheets-reinforced fused silica composites

In order to overcome intrinsic brittleness and poor mechanical properties of fused silica (FS), boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) as a novel reinforcement were employed for fabrication of BNNSs/fused silica composites. BNNSs with micron lateral size were homogeneously dispersed with FS powder using a surfactant-free flocculation method and then consolidated by hot pressing. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composite with the addition of only 0.5 wt.% BNNSs increased by 53% and 32%, respectively, compared with those of pure FS. However, for higher BNNSs contents the improvement in mechanical properties was limited. Microstructural analyzes have shown that the toughening mechanisms are combinations of the pull-out, crack bridging, and crack deflection mechanisms.     

Urchin-like boron nitride hierarchical structure assembled by nanotubes-nanosheets for effective removal of heavy metal ions

Water pollution has become a serious global issue owing to the large amounts of contaminants generated from industrial and agricultural development. Recently, various boron nitride-based micro/nano-materials have exhibited efficient sorption capacity for contaminants from water. Herein, novel urchin-like boron nitride hierarchical structure assembled by free-growing boron nitride nanotubes and crapy boron nitride nanosheets is firstly fabricated via a sample two-step approach, including the synthesis of analogous "core-shell" structured boron-containing precursor and thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition. A combined growth mechanism of vapor-liquid-solid and vapor-solid is proposed to control the formation of BN hierarchical structure. The unique structure exhibits superior removal capacity of 115.07?mg?g^?1 and 92.85?mg?g^?1 for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ in water solution, respectively. The excellent adsorption performance of the product mainly derives from the vast lattice imperfections, the high-density edge active sites, the expanded interplanar spacing, as well as the unique structural characteristics. They are beneficial for structural stability and enough space for accommodating the adsorbed heavy metal ions. These results indicate that the urchin-like boron nitride hierarchical structure is a promising adsorption material for water treatment.     

Tetrahedral amorphous boron nitride: A hard material

We generate a tetrahedrally coordinated amorphous boron nitride (BN) model by means of first principles molecular dynamics calculations and report its mechanical and electrical properties in detail. The amorphous configuration is almost free from chemical disorder and consists of about 20% coordination defects, similar to tetrahedral (diamond-like) amorphous carbon. Its theoretical band gap energy is about 2.0 eV, less than 4.85 eV estimated for cubic BN. The bulk modulus and Vickers hardness of tetrahedral amorphous BN are computed as 206 GPa and 28-35 GPa, respectively. Based on these findings, we propose that tetrahedral noncrystalline BN can serve as electronic and hard materials as well.