温度/pH双敏型羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠凝胶微球的制备

以羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基材,氯化钙和戊二醛混合液为交联剂,制备温度/p H双敏型凝胶微球。以溶胀度为主要考察指标,采用单次单因子法得到了较适宜的制备条件:2%的羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠混合溶液和5%的氯化钙/戊二醛混合交联剂的配比均为1∶1(质量比),交联剂的p H为6.8⁷.4,交联温度为40℃。在此条件下制得的凝胶微球,溶胀度随p H和温度的升高均表现出先升高后降低的趋势,当p H和温度分别为7.4和45℃时溶胀度最大,具有明显的p H和温度敏感性,适用于作为药物控释载体材料。     

温度/pH双敏型羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠凝胶微球的制备

以羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基材,氯化钙和戊二醛混合液为交联剂,制备温度/p H双敏型凝胶微球。以溶胀度为主要考察指标,采用单次单因子法得到了较适宜的制备条件:2%的羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠混合溶液和5%的氯化钙/戊二醛混合交联剂的配比均为1∶1(质量比),交联剂的p H为6.8~7.4,交联温度为40℃。在此条件下制得的凝胶微球,溶胀度随p H和温度的升高均表现出先升高后降低的趋势,当p H和温度分别为7.4和45℃时溶胀度最大,具有明显的p H和温度敏感性,适用于作为药物控释载体材料。     

HPMC/PNIPAAm温度敏感性水凝胶的制备及其对5-氟尿嘧啶的控制释放

以线型的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺 (NIPAAm) 为原料,制备具有温度敏感性的半互穿网络水凝胶.采用荧光显微镜、红外光谱等对凝胶结构进行表征,并对不同HPMC / NIPAAm配比(W/W)的水凝胶的温度敏感性、溶胀和退溶胀动力学进行了研究.另外,以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)为目标化合物,研究了...     

白炭黑对阿维菌素/海藻酸钠/壳聚糖复合微球性能的影响

为了研究白炭黑对阿维菌素/海藻酸钠/壳聚糖复合微球的性能影响,以阿维菌素为模型药物,海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为包埋材料,白炭黑为结构性能改良剂,采用挤出外源凝胶法和复凝聚法制备负载阿维菌素的复合微球,并对微球溶胀性、药物溶出性能进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的微球具有温度和p H值敏感性,添加白炭黑可以抑制复合微球溶胀性,并能改善阿维菌素的缓释性能。     

白炭黑对阿维菌素/海藻酸钠/壳聚糖复合微球性能的影响

为了研究白炭黑对阿维菌素/海藻酸钠/壳聚糖复合微球的性能影响,以阿维菌素为模型药物,海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为包埋材料,白炭黑为结构性能改良剂,采用挤出外源凝胶法和复凝聚法制备负载阿维菌素的复合微球,并对微球溶胀性、药物溶出性能进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的微球具有温度和p H值敏感性,添加白炭黑可以抑制复合微球溶胀性,并能改善阿维菌素的缓释性能。     

壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸水凝胶的制备及对Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附

以丙烯酸(AA)和壳聚糖(CS)为原料,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,利用辉光放电电解等离子体(GDEP)技术在水溶液中一步引发制备了壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸(CS/PAA)水凝胶。采用FTIR、XRD和SEM对水凝胶的结构和形貌进行了表征,考察了溶液p H、吸附时间和初始质量浓度对Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)吸附的影响,探讨了水凝胶的重复利用性。结果表明:AA成功接枝到了CS链上,形成了具有多孔三维网络结构的CS/PAA水凝胶;该水凝胶对Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温式;在最佳吸附p H下(p H=4.3),吸附120 min,CS/PAA水凝胶对Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的最大实际吸附量分别为151.2和298.8 mg/g;该水凝胶在0.015mol/L乙二胺四乙酸四钠(EDTA-4Na)溶液中吸附解吸4次后,吸附量变化不大,说明CS/PAA水凝胶具有优异的再生和重复利用性。     

壳聚糖衍生物的结构表征和应用性能

将相对分子质量为4 0×105的壳聚糖在酸催化下用H2O2氧化降解,得到相对分子质量分别为1 1×105、7 2×104、3 4×104的壳聚糖。相同实验条件下,以这4种不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖为原料,在碱性条件下先后分别与环氧丙烷和十二烷基缩水甘油醚反应,制得系列含亲水基和亲油基的两亲性非离子型壳聚糖表面活性剂———(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基)丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖(HDP-HPCHS)。通过红外吸收光谱对其进行了结构表征,并测定了其吸湿保湿性和表面活性。结果表明:HDP-HPCHS的分子结构、吸湿保湿性及表面活性均随相对分子质量的改变呈规律性变化。     

居贝特表面活性剂的合成和表面性质研究

以短碳链辛醇为起始原料制备了具有Guerbet结构的十六烷基失水甘油醚(Ⅰ)和具有Guerbet结构的十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚(EO)3的失水甘油醚(Ⅱ)以及它们对应的阳离子和两性离子表面活性剂(Ⅲ~Ⅵ)。Ⅲ~Ⅵ表面活性剂的结构如下:N-(3-支链十六烷氧基-2-羟丙基)-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(Ⅲ),N-〔3-支链十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚(EO)3-2-羟丙基〕-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(Ⅳ),N-(3-支链十六烷氧基-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基羧酸甜菜碱(Ⅴ),N-〔3-支链十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚(EO)3-2-羟丙基〕-N,N-二甲基羧酸甜菜碱(Ⅵ)。通过硅胶柱色谱分离和重结晶,对所得6种化合物进行了纯化。用IR、1HNMR和ESI-MS鉴定了Ⅰ~Ⅵ的结构。并对Ⅲ~Ⅵ的表面张力进行了测定。结果表明,由于这些表面活性剂具有独特的Guerbet亲油基结构,使其具有较低的CMC(10-5~10-6mol/L)和γCMC(25~27 mN/m),有良好的表面活性和应用潜力。     

壳聚糖季铵盐对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝处理

介绍了以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为改性剂接枝改性壳聚糖,制备了2-羟丙基三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐。用其处理高岭土的悬浮液,讨论了沉降时间、壳聚糖季铵盐的用量、pH值对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,当沉降18 min,壳聚糖季铵盐添加量为8 mg/L,pH=4时,絮凝效果最好,污水的浊度值可降至1.2。     

松香-壳聚糖基梳型离子型高分子表面活性剂的制备及性能研究(摘要)

<正>以脱氢枞胺为原料首次合成了3-氯-2-羟丙基脱氢枞基氯化铵(CHPDMDHA)和烯丙基二甲基脱氢枞基氯化铵(ADMDHA),并创新提出以CHPDMDHA和ADMDHA作为活性季铵盐对壳低聚糖(LWCTSs)、N-羧甲基壳聚糖(N-CMC)、N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(N,O-CMC)、N-羧乙基壳聚糖(N-CEC)和N,O-羧乙基壳聚糖(N,O-CEC)进行改性,分别得到了CHPDMDHA接枝壳低聚糖(CHPDMDHA-g-LWCTSs)、CHPDMDHA接枝羧烷基壳聚糖(CHPDMDHA-g-CACTSs)、ADMDHA接枝壳低聚糖(ADMDHA-g-LWCTSs)和ADMDHA接枝羧烷基壳聚糖(ADMDHA-g-CACTSs)等4个系列松香改性壳聚糖类梳型高分子表面活性剂。采用FT-IR、NMR、元素分析等手段表征了产物结构,并研究了所合成化合物的     

Studies on preparation and swelling properties of the N-isopropylacrylamide/chitosan semi-IPN and IPN hydrogels

Semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) polymer gels and interpenetrating network (IPN) polymer gels with thermosensitivity were prepared by introducing a biodegradable polymer, chitosan, into the N-isopropyacrylamide (PNIPAAm) gel system. The swelling behavior, temperature sensitivity, pH sensitivity, gel strength, and drug-release behavior of PNIPAAm/chitosan semi-IPN and IPN hydrogels were investigated. The results indicated that the NIPAAm/chitosan semi-IPN and IPN hydrogels exhibited pH and temperature-sensitivity behavior and could slow drug release and diffusion from the gels. From the stress–strain curves of the hydrogels, the compression moduli of IPN gels containing crosslinked chitosan were higher than those of semi-IPN gels. This is because IPN gels have a more compact structure. The morphology of PNIPAAm/chitosan hydrogels was also investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2487–2496, 2001     

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable TPP/genipin co-crosslinked chitosan gel beads

Novel chitosan gel beads were synthesized by a coupled ionic and chemical co-crosslinking mechanism. Tripolyphosphate (TPP) and a naturally occurring crosslinking reagent, genipin, which has been used in herbal medicine, were employed, respectively, as an ionic and a chemical crosslinkers to prepare the chitosan-based networks of gel beads. The competitive crosslinking of chitosan with ionic crosslinker (TPP) and chemical crosslinker (genipin) was characterized by FTIR, UV and EDAX spectroscopy (X-ray energy dispersion) spectroscopy. The variation of characteristic peak of genipin observed from UV spectroscopy and the characteristic peak of tripolyphosphate in crosslinked chitosan-based networks observed from FTIR spectroscopy suggests that the co-crosslinking mechanism is dependent on the pH of TPP/genipin co-crosslinker. The energy profiles of carbon and phosphorus estimated from confirms that chemical crosslinking dominates the co-crosslinking reaction at higher pH condition (pH 7.0 and 9.0) and ionic crosslinking dominates the co-crosslinking reaction at lower pH condition (pH 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0). The pH-dependent ionic/chemical co-crosslinking mechanism shows an obvious effect on the swelling property and enzymatic degradation behavior of prepared chitosan networks. These results reveal that the ionic/chemical co-crosslinked chitosan networks may be suitable for biomedical applications.     

Pore structure control in Ni/SiO2 catalysts with both macropores and mesopores

Ni/SiO₂ catalysts with bimodal pore structure were prepared by the sol–gel method of silicon tetraethoxide and nickel nitrate in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and urea. The presence of PEO was effective to induce phase separation during the sol–gel process, and through-macropores interconnected three-dimensionally were formed by fixing transitional structure of the phase separation. After gelation, the as-prepared wet gel was aged at 80 °C for decomposition of urea in order to increase pH of the solution within the gel. This pH increase led both the ripening of silica gel network through dissolution–reprecipitation and homogeneous deposition of nickel hydroxide. As a result, Ni could be dispersed highly in the silica network. In addition to the high dispersion of Ni, thus prepared Ni/SiO₂ has typical bimodal pore structure with size-controllable macropores and mesopores. The bimodal porous Ni/SiO₂ also had high thermal stability and showed steady catalytic activity in CO₂-reforming of methane at 700 °C.     

活性白土/壳聚糖复合物吸附剂对果汁的澄清作用研究

利用简便的方法制备了活性白土/壳聚糖复合物吸附剂,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜对所制备的吸附剂进行表征.结果表明,壳聚糖嵌入到活性白土的片层结构中,形成了稳定的复合结构,进而增大了活性白土的片层间距,有利于提高活性白土的吸附性能.活性白土/壳聚糖复合物作为吸附剂,对草莓汁、西瓜汁、橙汁均具有较好的澄清效果.对草莓汁澄清条件为:吸附剂用量为0.02 g,35℃、吸附时间1.5h、pH 5,澄清度为69.36％;对西瓜汁的澄清条件为:吸附剂用量为0.02 g,25℃、吸附时间1.5h、pH 6,澄清度达到98.42％;对橙汁的澄清条件为:吸附剂用量为0.02 g,30℃、吸附时间1h、pH 6,澄清度为61.08％.     

壳聚糖层析凝胶洗脱条件优化

以壳聚糖为原料,经交联还原,制备了一种新型层析凝胶。为更好地应用该层析凝胶,对其洗脱条件进行了优化。确定了最佳洗脱体系是三羟甲基氨基甲烷(以下简称为tris HCl)溶液,体系的pH=9 05。考察了层析凝胶的颗粒度、洗脱液流速、离子强度、pH等条件对分离效果的影响,得到壳聚糖生物层析凝胶洗脱条件为:120～140μm壳聚糖层析凝胶装柱,用c(NaCl)=0 05mol/L的tris HCl(pH=9 05)洗脱,控制2 0～3 0mL/min流速。中性蛋白酶经壳聚糖层析凝胶一次层析,可分离得到4个组分,总酶活收率达90%以上,而用SepharoseCL-6B的对比实验只获得一个组分,酶活收率只有43 11%。     

pH-dependent hydrolysis and drug release of chitosan/polyether interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel

This paper describes a novel hydrogel based on crosslinked chitosan with glutaraldehyde interpenetrating polyether polymer network. The gel can hydrolyse in acid at 37°C due to the cleavage of imine bonds within the network. At pH≥7, there is no hydrolysis. The pH-dependent release of cimetidine from the gel was also investigated.     

Sr-HAP/CS复合凝胶的制备及生物矿化性能研究

采用化学沉淀法-冷冻干燥法制备含锶羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖（Sr-HAP/CS）复合凝胶,比较羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖（HAP/CS）凝胶,研究了它们的组成、结构和生物矿化性能。产物经IR、XRD和SEM分析证实：HAP/CS和Sr-HAP/CS中无新化学键生成,主要成分为HAP、Sr-HAP和CS;XRD中Sr-HAP的特征峰比HAP相应峰尖锐,晶体粒径减小;2种凝胶内部为网状孔隙结构,物相分布均匀。矿化实验结果表明,2种复合凝胶在模拟体液（SBF）中浸泡,表面发生钙的溶解和沉积现象;15 d后,凝胶表面有明显白色絮状物,主要为HAP类物质,且Sr-HAP/CS凝胶表面沉积物量较多;复合凝胶均具有诱导成骨性,Sr-HAP/CS对促进无机成骨物的生长作用较强。     

壳聚糖/壳聚糖季铵盐交联共混阴离子交换膜的制备与性能研究

制备了一种新型阴离子交换膜——壳聚糖/壳聚糖季铵盐交联共混膜,并用FTIR对共混膜进行了初步表征;分析研究了不同交联度及配比对离子交换膜相关性能的影响;并运用测试膜电位的方法估算了离子的迁移数和选择透过度。研究表明,膜呈现较好的电化学性能,而膜的力学性能较差、含水量高、选择透过度稍低。HACC含量为25%,交联度为0.2%的共混膜干强与湿强分别为53.10 MPa和8.40 MPa,含水量66.4%,IEC为1.97 mmol/g,面电阻2.67Ω.cm2,离子迁移数为0.91,选择透过度为81.6%。     

Preparation and properties of hydrogels based on hemicellulose

Xylan with glucuronic acid functionalities, separated from birchwood, was converted into hydrogels by dissolving it together with chitosan in acidic conditions. The hydrogels were formed at certain xylan/chitosan compositions. The mechanism of the gel formation was investigated with FTIR. Complexation between glucuronic acid functionalities of xylan and amino groups of chitosan is suggested to be responsible for network formation. The swelling behavior of these hydrogels was studied at various pH levels and salt concentrations, and the hydrogels responded in a reversible manner to various stimuli. DMA of the films showed separated transitions that may correspond to different phases. Imaging with AFM in TappingMode™ of the surfaces indicated discrete xylan and chitosan phases. A sponge-like microporous structure, as shown with SEM, was formed when a hydrogel was freeze dried. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1661–1667, 1998     

Temperature/pH‐sensitive comb‐type graft hydrogels composed of chitosan and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)

Comb‐type graft hydrogels, composed of chitosan and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), were prepared to manifest rapid temperature and pH sensitivity. Instead of directly grafting the NIPAAm monomer onto the chitosan chain, semitelechelic PNIPAAm with carboxyl end group was synthesized by radical polymerization using 3‐mercaptopropionic acid as the chain‐transfer agent, and was grafted onto chitosan having amino groups. The comb‐type hydrogels were prepared with two different graft yields and grafting regions, such as surface‐ and bulk‐grafting, and then compared with a chitosan hydrogel. The synthesis of telechelic PNIPAAm and the formation of amide group were confirmed by using FTIR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Results from the water state and thermal stability revealed that the introduction of the PNIPAAm side chain disturbed the ordered arrangement of the chitosan molecule, resulting in an increase in the equilibrium water content. Comb‐type graft hydrogels showed rapid temperature and pH sensitivity because of the free‐ended PNIPAAm attached to the chitosan main chain and the chitosan amino group itself, respectively. In particular, the surface graft hydrogel maintained its dimension at low pH, although the chitosan main chain was not crosslinked, whereas chitosan and bulk graft hydrogel were dissolved as a result of the coating effect of pH‐independent PNIPAAm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2612–2620, 2004