二聚表面活性剂性能的研究

二聚表面活性剂是一类新型的表面活性剂 ,是由两个单链单头基普通表面活性剂在离子头基处通过化学键联接而成。其独特的分子结构使其具有与传统表面活性剂不同的特性 ,如cmc值很低 ,降低水溶液表面张力的效率很高等。本文着重介绍该表面活性剂的结构特点、合成方法、性质及应用。     

双子表面活性剂的研究进展

双子表面活性剂（gemini或dimeric）是由两个单链单头基普通表面活性剂在离子头基处通过化学键联接而成，这种特殊的结构使其具有比传统表面活性剂更优的性能，本文介绍了双子表面活性剂的发展简史、研究概况以及结构特点，表明这种表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值。     

阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成进展

Gemini表面活性剂,这种新颖表面活性剂的研究已成为当前表面化学领域的热点课题,它是通过联接基团将2个单链单头基表面活性剂在离子头基处以化学键方式联接起来。阴离子Gemini表面活性剂就是其中一种,按照其结构特点,可分为磺酸型、羧酸型、磷酸型等。作者综述了阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展和合成现状。     

2,5-二癸基己二酸二二聚甘油酯在塑料薄膜中的应用

合成了双子型非离子表面活性剂2,5-二癸基己二酸二二聚甘油酯(GDGE),测试了其表面活性,并与单头基表面活性剂月桂酸二聚甘油酯进行了比较.测试结果表明,GDGE的表面张力较月桂酸二聚甘油酯降低了12mN/m,这说明双子表面活性剂GDGE具有更高的表面活性.将其应用在农用塑料薄膜上,考察了其防雾滴性能.应用结果表明,该表面活性剂是一种性能优良的塑料薄膜防雾滴剂.     

新型抗菌剂氨基酸型表面活性剂的研究进展（续完）

<正>1.3双链表面活性剂1.3.3双子表面活性剂双子表面活性剂是利用化学法,通过刚性或柔性的间隔链将2个单链表面活性剂在其头基或靠近头基的位置键合的一种化合物。由于每个分子含烃量大,其cmc比相应的单链表面活性剂低1个数量级,而且这类表面活性剂对水的表面张力和界面张力的降低能力是传统表面活性剂的10倍甚至100倍。1.3.3.1胱氨酸阳离子表面活性剂胱氨酸是一种合成双子表面活性剂的新型材料,Pinazo     

双子表面活性剂的结构特点与表面活性

双子型表面活性剂由于极性头基区域的键合,阻抑了极性头之间的斥力,突破了传统表面活性剂的结构概念,具有比传统表面活性剂高得多的表面活性,现有的研究数据表明并联结构的双子表面活性剂具有比串联结构的双子表面活性剂高的降低表面张力的能力。     

磺酸盐/硫酸酯盐Gemini表面活性剂的合成及应用进展

Gemini表面活性剂又作“双子表面活性剂”,其分子结构类似于两个表面活性剂分子的聚合体,故又称二聚表面活性剂。Gemini表面活性剂具有较单烷基链烃和单离子头基组成的普通表面活性剂更好的表面活性。根据双子表面活性剂所含亲水基团电荷差异,将其分为阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型和混合型四大类。其中磺酸盐型和硫酸酯型属阴离子型双子。     

酰胺基烷基膦酸钠的表面性质

系统地研究了四种酰胺基烷基膦酸二钠新型表面活性剂的表面性质(γ,cmc和Г_∞等),结果表明,这类表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,是一类具有单链型疏水基的表面活性剂。测定了表面活性剂-庚烷-戊醇-水的拟三元微乳液相图,并用ATR-IR研究了该微乳液在碳钢表面的吸附作用,表明该微乳液在碳钢表面形成了致密的吸附膜,此吸附膜的组成类似于微乳液的界面膜的组成。     

阴离子双子表面活性剂合成现状及应用前景

在对传统单链表面活性剂进行分析的基础上,重点论述了阴离子双子表面活性剂的性质和实现产业化有可能采取的合成途径,并且介绍了目标阴离子双子表面活性剂的结构和表面活性,同时也对其在洗涤剂、化妆品和工业助剂等领域的应用前景进行了分析,最后也对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

酰胺基烷基膦酸盐系列表面活性剂的合成和表面性质

用酰胺、酮和三氯化磷的Mannich型反应合成了酰胺基烷基膦酸盐型新表面活性剂,经元素分析、物理常数测定和波谱分析证明得到了预定结构的纯品。它们具有较高的表面活性,是一类单链型疏水基的表面活性剂。测定了微乳液的拟三元相图和它在碳钢表面的吸附作用,显示出对碳钢优良的缓蚀能力。     

双子表面活性剂体系的界面活性研究

测定了阳离子型双子表面活性剂烷基 α ,ω 双二甲基烷基溴化铵以及它与普通表面活性剂复配体系的表面张力。结果表明 :双子表面活性剂的表面活性大大高于普通表面活性剂 ,双子表面活性剂溶液的表面活性受其联接基团的影响远大于其烷基链的影响。通过研究阳离子型双子表面活性剂 /阴离子普通表面活性剂复配体系和阴 /阳普通表面活性剂复配体系的协同效应 ,发现双子表面活性剂与普通表面活性剂有很好的复配协同效应 ,这主要是由双子表面活性剂的特殊结构造成的。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅩ)——含氟双子表面活性剂的合成

按照结构特点对阳离子型、阴离子型、两性离子型和非离子型含氟双子表面活性剂的合成方法和合成路线进行了归纳。含氟双子表面活性剂是一种特殊表面活性剂,氟原子取代了表面活性剂碳氢链中的氢原子,而使其具有更高的表面活性。展望了含氟双子表面活性剂的发展前景。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅪ)——含磷双子表面活性剂的合成

含磷双子表面活性剂具有高的表面活性、良好的水溶性、较好的热稳定性、优越的抗静电性和配伍性等特点。综述了含磷双子表面活性剂的结构类型以及合成路线和方法,并按照阴离子型、两性型、非离子型含磷双子表面活性剂及其联接基团的不同进行了归纳。最后,对含磷双子表面活性剂的发展进行了展望。     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Bis-quaternary-Based Surfactants as Additives for Water-Based Mud

Two series of cationic gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α,ω-bis[N,N-dimethyl alkyl (octyl or dodecyl)ammonium] dibromide (R-s-R; s = 6, 10, 12 and R = 8 and 12) were prepared and evaluated as additives for water-based mud. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Surface activity of these compounds has been studied and their surface properties including surface tension, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The results showed that the prepared compounds have significant surface activity, especially those of longer hydrophobic chain length. The prepared cationic gemini surfactants were evaluated as viscosifiers and filter loss additives for water-based mud formulated from local Na-montmorillonite clay. XRD analysis was carried out to the Na-montmorillonite clay to determine the interaction of the surfactants with inter layers of the clay structure. Rheological properties, gel strength, thixotropy, filtration properties and the effect of temperature on rheological properties of the water-based mud were studied. The results indicated that the gemini surfactants have a positive effect on the rheological and filtration properties of the Na-montmorillonite clay according to American Petroleum Institute specifications.     

双子表面活性剂在新材料制造中的应用

综述了双子表面活性剂在介孔材料、聚合物材料、纳米材料的制造以及胶束催化反应中的应用,通过调节双子表面活性剂中连接基和疏水基的结构,可以得到更为新颖和多样的自组装结构,并将其模板效应或高表面活性应用于高性能新型材料的制造中;指出了双子表面活性剂在新型材料制造中的发展方向。     

Synthesis and Performance of a Multi-Purpose Gemini Precursor and the Derivative Alkylaryl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

The phenol–formaldehyde condensation reaction to synthesize a gemini precursor was renewed by using high efficient and environmentally benign resin catalysts instead of protonic acids, and the conversion, yield and selectivity of the reaction were all upgraded from the 60 % by the traditional way to over 90 % by the new way. Three alkylaryl sulfonate gemini surfactants were derived from the above gemini precursor by O-methylation, sulfonation and neutralization, that is, sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2-hydroxy-5-nonylphenyl)methane (SBHNM), sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2-hydroxy-5-dodecylphenyl)methane (SBHDM) and sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2-methoxy-5-nonylphenyl)methane (SBMNM). And their performances in aqueous solution were further investigated. The results show that the three gemini surfactants exhibit higher effectiveness and efficiency in surface tension reduction than a monomeric reference surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). Furthermore their critical micelle concentration values are at least one order of magnitude lower than that of SDBS. It is also shown that O-methylation of the hydroxyl group in the gemini precursor is effective at improving the surface activity of the gemini surfactants, such as efficiency in surface tension reduction, foam stability and calcium stability. It is suggested that the synthesized hydrophobic skeleton could be a multi-purpose gemini precursor from which various gemini surfactants could be derived by further hydrophobic or hydrophilic modification.     

双亲油基-双亲水基型表面活性剂

介绍一类新型表面活性剂 双亲油基 双亲水基型表面活性剂 ,包括阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型等。讨论了各种类型双联表面活性剂的合成方法及产品理化性能 ,如表面张力及临界胶束浓度、水溶助长性、增溶性、润湿性、泡沫性、生物安全性等 ,同时指出该类表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值和广阔的开发前景。     

烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂的合成与性能

以十二烷基伯胺和四甲基脲为原料合成了十二烷基四甲基胍及其盐酸盐.后者再与环氧氯丙烷反应制备了十二烷基四甲基胍双子阳离子表面活性剂,通过IR和~1HNMR鉴定了其结构,并考察了其性能.结果表明,十二烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为2.5×10~(-4)mol/L,γ_(cmc)为28.5 mN/m,其表面活性明显高于单十二烷基胍盐酸盐.最后以十二烷基四甲基胍双子表面活性剂为模板剂制备了纳米SiO_2粒子.     

Synthesis and Surface Activity of Bisphosphate Gemini Surfactants

Anionic bisphosphodiester gemini surfactants with two different spacer moieties and varying alkyl chain lengths were synthesized and investigated for their surface active properties. The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension studies were carried out using the Wilhelmy plate technique and maximum bubble pressure method respectively. It was found that these gemini surfactants possess lower critical micellar concentration values, and reduce the surface tension to a greater extent in comparison with the conventional analogues. The efficiency of the synthesized gemini surfactants was also evaluated. The results of surface activities obtained were correlated with the structures of gemini surfactants. The dynamic surface tension measurements showed that the geminis with long chains adsorb very slowly at the air/water interface within the time span of measurements. These gemini surfactants showed low foamability.     

非离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成进展

双子（Gemini）表面活性剂是近年来迅速发展的一类新型表面活性剂,它是指分子中具有双亲水基和双亲油基的由一个间隔基团连接的表面活性剂,与传统表面活性剂相比,Gemini表面活性剂具有许多优异性能。相对而言,近年来非离子Gemini表面活性剂研究远较阴离子和阳离子的Gemini表面活性剂研究少。本文对非离子Gemini表面活性剂的研究现状进行了概述,以期对非离子Gemini类表面活性剂的研究与应用开发有所裨益。