碳包覆氧化锌材料在锌镍二次电池中的应用研究

为了提高锌镍二次电池的电化学性能,将高能球磨法制备的碳包覆氧化锌(ZnO/C)材料作为负极活性物质,与纯氧化锌比,碳包覆氧化锌作为负极活性物质的电池,具有更低的充电平台电压以及更高的放电平台电压,并能有效减小电极的欧姆电阻与反应电阻,显著提高了锌镍电池的循环性能。因此,碳包覆后的氧化锌负极材料能够有效的提高锌镍二次电池的电化学性能。     

聚合物及离子液体电解质在锂二次电池中的应用

系统地介绍了锂离子二次电池电解质,特别是聚合物电解质及离子液体电解质的应用研究现状。开发具有高能量密度、稳定的充放电性能、循环寿命长、可塑性、高安全性与低成本的锂离子电池是当前的研究热点。离子液体具有较高的离子电导率、宽电化窗口,且无蒸汽压,而聚合物具有良好的机械加工性能。二者的结合将为锂离子电池电解质的研究提供了新的开发思路。     

锂离子电池用固态电解质的研究现状与展望

目前商业化的锂离子电池多使用有机液态电解质,存在易燃易爆、易泄露等安全风险,而采用固态电解质替代有机液态电解质可以有效提高电池安全性。锂离子电池用固态电解质又可分为无机固态电解质和有机——即聚合物固态电解质。无机固态电解质对高温或其他腐蚀性环境适应性好,适用于在极端工作环境中刚性电池等领域;聚合物固态电解质在柔韧性和可加工性上则优势明显,适用于柔性电池等领域,但这些材料均尚有问题待解决。无机-有机复合的方式,有望综合两种材料的优势,取长补短,提高固态电解质的综合性能和实用价值。     

锂二次电池中聚合物电解质及隔膜的研究进展

本文对锂二次电池中应用的聚合物电解质和隔膜作了概述。简要介绍了聚合物电解质、隔膜的种类和制备方法及其对电池性能的影响,以及聚合物电解质和隔膜的研究近况和应用前景。     

聚合物电解质在锌离子电池中的研究进展

锌离子电池（ZIBs）具有环境友好、高安全性和低成本等优势,然而,锌负极的枝晶生长和水系电解质的固有挑战（如水分解反应、水蒸发和电解质泄漏）使其在实际使用中循环稳定性较差。聚合物电解质拥有较低的水含量和较高的弹性模量,能够有效克服上述挑战。本文基于聚合物电解质的基本原理,综述了聚合物电解质在ZIBs中的研究进展,介绍了近年来用于改善固态聚合物电解质电化学性能及力学性能的各种策略,分析对比了不同策略的作用机理及应用进展。阐述了凝胶态聚合物电解质在ZIBs的应用及功能性凝胶电解质的研究现状,展示了其在柔性智能电子设备的应用前景。最后,本文就开发基于聚合物电解质的高性能ZIBs提出挑战,如离子导电性与机械强度不足、界面问题及功能单一等,并提出了克服这些挑战的展望,以期为ZIBs中聚合物电解质的研究提供参考和借鉴。     

锌离子电池常用电解质种类及研究进展

可充电锌离子电池由于成本低、安全性好和能量密度高等特点引起了广泛关注。电解质作为锌离子电池的重要组成部分,能提供电池正极和负极之间的锌离子迁移途径,并决定电池的电势窗口大小及反应机理的选择,决定着电池整体电化学性能的发挥。详细阐述了锌离子电池的工作原理,介绍了水系电解质、离子液体电解质、有机电解质、凝胶电解质、准固体/全固态电解质等研究进展,为锌离子电池的研发提供借鉴。     

离子液体电解质在锂二次电池中的应用

锂二次电池作为动力电池,被寄予厚望。但锂二次电池面临的安全隐患也是不容忽视的,是当前亟需解决的问题,而这与电解质的性质有着紧密的联系。离子液体由于具有较宽电化学窗口、良好的导电性、高热稳定性、几乎无挥发及不燃烧等优良的特性,正在作为一种新型绿色替代溶剂被电化学领域所关注。离子液体的不燃烧特性,对于替代传统有机电解质具有十分重要的意义。本文阐述了新型溶剂“离子液体”作为电解质在锂二次电池中的应用,其中重点阐述了在碳、硅、钛酸锂(Li₄Ti₅O₁₂)、磷酸亚铁锂(LiFePO₄)、钴酸锂LiCoO₂、镍锰酸锂(LiNi_xMn_yO_z),镍钴锰锂(LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO_w)及在锂硫(Li-S)电池中的应用。     

锂离子电池固态聚合物电解质研究进展

电解质是制备高功率密度和高能量密度、长循环寿命的锂离子电池的重要材料之一,而聚合物电解质是实现全固态锂离子电池的关键技术.总结近几年来为提高聚合物电解质电导率所作研究的新进展,并提出了今后的研究方向.     

锂离子二次电池电解质的研究进展

电解质是制备高能量密度和长循环寿命以及安全性能良好的锂离子二次电池的核心材料之一。本文概述了锂离子二次电池电解质的有机溶剂以及电解质盐的研究进展,并讨论了各种电解质盐的优缺点。     

锌—聚苯胺二次电池的性能研究

采用较简单的方法把化学法合成的聚苯胺粉末加工成电极,构成水溶液电解质的锌—聚苯胺二次电池,对电池在各种充放电条件下的性能进行了研究,发现电池具有较高的电容量、能量密度、库仑效率和较好的循环寿命,其适宜的工作条件是电解液的pH值应保持在4左右、充放电电压应限制在0.75～1.50V,充放电电流不得超过2.0mA/cm~2。     

有机无机复合固态电解质的制备及电性能研究

本文以聚环氧乙烯(PEO)为基体,添加无机固态电解质颗粒(LA),通过超声分散法制备出电化学性能优异且具有自支撑柔性的有机无机复合固态电解质膜,并组装扣式电池测试电性能,包括离子电导率、电化学窗口、锂离子迁移数及界面阻抗,得出LA对电解质膜电性能的影响.     

Preparation and performance of poly(ethylene oxide)-based composite solid electrolyte for all solid-state lithium batteries

Poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid electrolyte is attractive for using in all solid-state lithium batteries. However, the polymer has a certain degree of crystallization, which is adverse to the conduction of lithium ions. In order to overcome this drawback, a flexible composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) containing TiO₂ nanoparticles is elaborately designed and synthesized by tape casting method. The effects of different molar ratios of EO: Li and mass fraction of TiO₂ on the physical and electrochemical performances are carefully studied. The results show the CPE10 having 10 wt % TiO₂ has the lowest degree of crystallinity of 9.04%, the lowest activation energy of 8.63 × 10⁻⁵ eV mol⁻¹. Besides, the CPE10 shows a lower polarization and higher decomposition voltage. Thus, prepared all solid-state battery LiFePO₄/CPE10/Li shows a high initial capacity of 160 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, 134 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 C and higher capacity retention of 93.2% after 50 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 170 mAh g⁻¹). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47498.     

Iodine diffusion and gettering in solid electrolyte batteries

The diffusion of iodine in batteries based on Ag₄RbI₅ has been treated on the basis of a simple mathematical model, and comparison has been made with data from cell stored for various lengths of time.     

MXene的制备及其在高比能碱金属电池中的应用

双碳目标下,具有高比能量的碱金属电池受到广泛关注,但电池循环过程中枝晶的生长会带来严重安全隐患。新型二维材料（MXene）具有优异的导电性、充足的层间空间、稳定的层状结构,作为金属负极保护材料具有应用价值。首先介绍了MXene的不同制备方法,之后对MXene在金属负极保护领域的应用现状进行了分析和评价。其中,重点总结了三大类MXene与碱金属复合的方法（滚压法、熔融灌注法、电沉积法）,指出当前方法普遍存在易氧化、操作难度大、难以大规模生产等弊端。最后提出MXene的发展应参考石墨烯材料的发展策略,更多地利用其表面活性官能团和片层结构,构筑独立集流体或保护层以获得更好的循环性能。     

Preparation of iron disulfide and its use for lithium batteries

Several iron disulfide samples were synthesized by the reaction of FeCl₂ or Fe₂O₃ with H₂S, and their utilities were evaluated as a cathode active material in lithium cells. As a result, it was found that the Li/synthesized FeS₂ cells have high working plateau voltages and extremely high cathode efficiencies, compared with the Li/natural pyrite cells. Such improved discharge characteristics of the Li/synthesized FeS₂ cells were explained on the basis of the difference in particle or surface area between synthesized FeS₂ and natural pyrite samples.     

Influences of Bentonite on conductivity of composite solid alkaline polymer electrolyte PVA-Bentonite-KOH-H2O

The influence of the dopant Bentonite, on the ionic conductivity of the PVA-KOH-H₂O alkaline solid polymer electrolyte (ASPE) is studied. The results show that the addition of Bentonite has both positive and negative effects on the ionic conductivity of ASPE. At lower KOH and H₂O contents, the addition of Bentonite can break the continuous ion conducting phase of the ASPE, and therefore decrease the ASPE conductivity. However, the addition of Bentonite can also increase the KOH content in PVA matrix. This greatly increases the conductivity of the ASPE especially at higher water content. A highest ionic conductivity of 0.11 S cm⁻¹ is reached at room temperature. A maximum ionic conductivity value is observed at relative lower water content for different amount of Bentonite-doped ASPE. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity is of the Arrhenius type. The ion transfer activation energy Ea, in the order of 4-6 kJ mol⁻¹, heavily depends on the Bentonite content. XRD and SEM tests show that PVA in the Bentonite-doped ASPE is of amorphous structure, and there are lots of interspaces in the composite ASPE inner structure. The composite electrolyte has good electrochemical stability window and good charged-discharge property in secondary Zn-Ni cells at low charge-discharge rate.     

Si-carbon core-shell composite anode in lithium secondary batteries

A Si-carbon core-shell powder was prepared via resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) microemulsion polymerization in the presence of hydrophobized Si nano-particles and subsequent carbonization. The Si nano-particles were completely encapsulated by amorphous carbon shell. With this core-shell approach, the anodic performance of Si electrode for lithium cells has been improved on aspects of Si utilization and cycle retention, which seems to be indebted to the formation of stable electronic conductive network by an intimate contact between Si core and carbon shell. The capacity delivered by this electrode is, however, smaller than that of bare Si due to the presence of RF-derived carbon and electrochemically inactive silicon oxide that was generated during the carbonization process by a reaction between Si and oxygen from the RF gel. The evolution of cracks in the carbon shell after cycling is additional problem to be solved.     

High flash point electrolyte for use in lithium-ion batteries

The high flash point solvent adiponitrile (ADN) was investigated as co-solvent with ethylene carbonate (EC) for use as lithium-ion battery electrolyte. The flash point of this solvent mixture was more than 110 °C higher than that of conventional electrolyte solutions involving volatile linear carbonate components, such as diethyl carbonate (DEC) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The electrolyte based on EC:ADN (1:1 wt) with lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄) displayed a conductivity of 2.6 mS cm⁻¹ and no aluminum corrosion. In addition, it showed higher anodic stability on a Pt electrode than the standard electrolyte 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) in EC:DEC (3:7 wt). Graphite/Li half cells using this electrolyte showed excellent rate capability up to 5C and good cycling stability (more than 98% capacity retention after 50 cycles at 1C). Additionally, the electrolyte was investigated in NCM/Li half cells. The cells were able to reach a capacity of 104 mAh g⁻¹ at 5C and capacity retention of more than 97% after 50 cycles. These results show that an electrolyte with a considerably increased flash point with respect to common electrolyte systems comprising linear carbonates, could be realized without any negative effects on the electrochemical performance in Li-half cells.