扭曲管传热性能数值模拟与实验研究

为了研究扭曲管强化传热性能,通过建立模型数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法对扭曲管及具有相同截面形状的普通椭圆管的传热性能进行了对比分析。研究了扭曲管和椭圆管管内流体努塞尔数Nu,压力降Δp和管内综合性能评价因子η随雷诺数Re的变化情况,在Re为800—2 000时,扭曲管管内Nu是普通椭圆管的2—3倍,综合传热性能是椭圆管的1.5—2倍。得出了扭曲管可以很好地加剧管内流体湍流、强化管内传热,特别适用于管内流体在低雷诺数范围内的传热,是一种十分高效的强化传热管。     

插入扰流元件换热管强化换热效果分析

设计了一种新型插入扰流元件管式换热器,并依据相关文献的模拟数据将其与波纹管、光管在不同流速下的管内壁面平均传热系数、换热量、平均Nusselt数以及摩擦阻力的变化特性进行了分析比较。结果表明:插入扰流元件换热管在强化换热能力的同时其压力损失也会很大,所以在实际应用过程中选取插入扰流元件换热管时一定要考虑其经济性;在泵功率消耗一定时,插入扰流元件换热管的热效率与波纹管的热效率很接近。但插入扰流元件换热管在制造工艺上具有加工方便、固定灵活等优点,比较适合对现有换热器的改造。所以,该种热管同样具有广泛的应用价值。     

含间隔分置旋流片的缩放管复合强化传热

Pressure drop and compound heat transfer characteristics of a converging-diverging tube with evenly spaced twisted-tapes （CD-T tube） have been investigated experimentally. Swirl was generated by evenly spaced twisted-tape elements which vary in twist ratio and rotation angle. Space ratio also has an important effect on the characteristics. For comparison, experiments in a smooth circular tube and a converging-diverging （CD） tube with-out twisted-tapes were carried out. The results show that the twisted-tape with twist ratio y=4.72 and rotation angle θ=180° has the best performance among the four types of twisted-tapes presented in this paper. At Reynolds number ranging from 3400 to 20000, when space ratio s=48.6, the heat transfer efficiency index, which increases as the Reynolds number increases, is 0.85-1.21 and 1.07-1.15 compared to that of a smooth circular tube and a CD tube without twisted-tape inserts, respectively.     

内置转子换热管强化传热性能实验研究

针对光管中加入3种不同导程的洁能芯转子后的换热特性及流体动力学特性进行了实验研究,壳程和管程的工作介质分别为热水和冷水,研究表明:插入转子后,努赛尔数Nu和阻力系数f均增加,并且二者均随转子导程的增大而增大;对插入转子的换热管进行了强化传热性能评价分析,其传热性能评价因子η的数值均大于1,证明其具有强化传热的应用价值,转子导程为150 mm时,实验范围内η最大值为2.01,强化传热效果最好。     

管内层流强化传热的数值模拟

通过数值模拟,研究了85%甘油在含旋流片缩放管管内的传热与流阻特性,并与光滑管、缩放管的传热与流阻特性进行了对比。研究结果表明,层流时含旋流片缩放管的综合因子大于缩放管,且缩放管内插入6个小角度旋流片具有更好的传热性能。在有旋流片段可以通过减薄边界层厚度与增加有效传热温差的双重途径提高传热速率,而在旋流片下游段则可以利用有效传热温差的缓变特性继续维持较大的传热速率,从而能避免过多的流体置换次数,极大幅度的降低流体的输送功耗。     

缩放管内带衰减性自旋流的局部性能

The distributions of thermal resistance in viscous sublayer,buffer region and turbulent core region,local flow resistance and local heat transfer characteristics at different locations downstream of the twisted-tape element were numerically studied in a converging-diverging tube inserted with spaced twisted-tape element by analyzing the attenuation of self-sustaining swirl flow.The results showed that the local performance was poor as thermal resistance was too concentrated in its distribution for a particular region.The more uniform the distribution of thermal resistance,the better the local performance.The local performance reached its best when the fluid just left the spaced twisted-tape,in which the flow resistance dropped substantially but the enhancement of heat transfer was still significant.The self-sustaining flow was maintained at a long distance.The best performance was at the length of 36.85 times the diameter,increasing by 6.8% compared with a converging-diverging tube.     

单弓折流板管壳式换热器壳程局部传热及流阻研究

对半圆形单弓折流板管壳式换热器壳侧局部传热性能、局部流速及阻力进行了实验研究,测量结果表明,其壳侧局部传热膜系数的变化规律与相应点速率变化规律相一致。所取24个测量位置点分布较为合理,基本上反映了换热器局部相应换热及流场分布规律。同时归纳出换热器壳侧的平均努塞尔准数Nu与雷诺准数Re的关联式及流动阻力系数f与雷诺准数Re的关联式,为换热器的实际运用提供了参考依据。     

内置交替轴扭带的管内层流换热特性

为了提高管内层流换热性能,开发了三种不同的交替轴扭带作为强化换热的扰流元件。通过数值模拟对内置这些扰流元件的管内换热与流动特性进行了研究,结果表明：（1）对于交替轴窄边扭带,在较低Reynolds数下Nusselt数随错位角的增大而增大;而Re较高时,错位角的影响较小。阻力系数f随错位角的变化不大,90°对应的综合性能指标PEC最高。（2）对于交替轴中空扭带,Nu在60°时达到最大值,f随错位角的增加而有较明显的增加,PEC在60°时最好。（3）对于交替轴窄边中空扭带,Re较低时,Nu随错位角增大而增加;而Re较高时,错位角的影响较小。f的最大值出现在错位角为60°时,但错位角的影响并不明显,而且比交替轴窄边扭带的f降低很多。90°错位角对应的PEC最好。（4）总体来看,采用交替轴窄边中空扭带能全面获得优良的热-水力学综合性能。     

Experimental study on thermo-hydraulic performances of nanofluids flowing through a corrugated tube filled with copper foam in heat exchange systems

Thermo-hydraulic characteristics of TiO₂-water nanofluids in thin-wall stainless steel test tubes (corrugated tube and circular tube) filled with copper foam (40 PPI) are experimentally investigated and compared with those in test tubes without copper foam. The effects of nanoparticle mass concentration on flow and heat transfer performances are investigated. In addition, the mutual restriction relationships between Reynolds number (Re), Nusselt number (Nu) and resistance coefficient (f) are discussed respectively. Also, the comprehensive coefficient of performance (CCP) between heat transfer and pressure drop is evaluated. The results show that core-enhancement region for heat transfer using experimental tubes filled with copper foam is notably different from that of tubes without copper foam. There is a corresponding Reynolds number (about Re=2400) for the maximum CCP of each condition. And the heat transfer can be enhanced dramatically and sustained at 8000 ≤ Re ≤ 12000.     

螺旋折流板管壳式换热器壳程局部传热及流阻

文中对螺旋折流板管壳式换热器壳侧局部传热、局部流速及阻力性能进行了实验研究,测量结果表明,其壳侧局部传热膜系数与点速度是沿换热器的径向距离增大而增大,且局部传热膜系数的变化规律与相应点速度变化规律相一致。所取6个测量位置点分布较为均匀,基本上反映了换热器局部相应换热及流场分布规律。同时文中归纳出换热器壳侧的平均努塞尔准数Nu与雷诺准数Re的关联式及流动阻力系数f与雷诺准数Re的关联式,为换热器的实际运用提供了参考依据。     

缩放管内插双扭带复合强化传热的数值模拟(英文)

The paper presents a 3D numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer and flow characteristics in converging-diverging tubes(CDs) and converging-diverging tubes equipped with twin counter-swirling twisted tapes(CDTs).The effects of Reynolds number(Re 10000-20000),pitch length(P 11.25,22.5 mm),rib height(e 0.5,0.8,1.1 mm),pitch ratio(δ1:8,5:4,8︰1),gap distance between twin twisted tapes(b 0.5,4.5,8.5 mm) and tape number(n 2,3,4,5,6) on Nusselt number(Nu),friction factor(f) and thermal enhancement factor(η) are investigated under uniform heat flux conditions,using water as working fluid.In order to illustrate the heat transfer and fluid flow mechanisms,flow structures in CDs and CDTs are presented.The obtained results reveal that all geometric parameters have important effects on the thermal performance of CD and CDT,and both CD and CDT show better thermal performance than plain tube at the constant pumping power.It is also found that the increases in the Nusselt number and friction factor for CDT are,respectively,up to 6.3%-35.7% and 1.75-5.3 times of the corresponding bare CD.All CDTs have good thermal performance with η greater than 1 which indicates that the compound heat transfer technique of CDT is commendable for the maximum enhanced heat transfer rate.     

扁管换热器内纵向涡强度与换热强度对应关系

纵向涡强化传热技术在管翅式换热器中得到了广泛的应用。但是一直以来对纵向涡强化传热的研究主要停留在涡产生器结构参数及布置方式对换热的影响方面,文献对纵向涡强度与换热强度之间定量关系的研究鲜有报道。建立了采用纵向涡强化传热的扁管管翅换热器数值模型,采用二次流强度参数Se分析了翅片及涡产生器结构参数变化时,通道内纵向涡强度与换热强度之间的定量关系;并定量分析了通道中涡产生器引起的纵向涡强度增量与传热强化量之间的定量关系。结果表明:翅片及涡产生器结构参数变化时,Nu、Se与Re之间,以及阻力系数f与Re及Se之间均不存在定量对应关系,但Se与Nu以及ΔSe与ΔNu之间存在对应关系。这表明,在布置有纵向涡产生器的扁管管翅换热器翅侧通道内,纵向涡强度决定了通道内的换热强度。     

Turbulent forced convection in a heat exchanger square channel with wavy-ribs vortex generator☆

Turbulent forced convective heat transfer and flow configurations in a square channel with wavy-ribs inserted diagonally are examined numerical y. The influences of the 30° and 45° flow attack angles for wavy-ribs, blockage ratio, RB=b/H=0.05–0.25 with single pitch ratio, RP=P/H=1 are investigated for the Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of the square channel, Re=3000–20000. The use of the wavy-ribs, which inserted diagonal in the square channel, is aimed to help to improve the thermal performance in heat exchange systems. The finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm are applied to the present numerical simulation. The results are presented on the periodic flow and heat transfer profiles, flow configurations, heat transfer characteristics and the performance evaluations. The mathematical results reveal that the use of wavy-ribs leads to a higher heat transfer rate and friction loss over the smooth channel. The heat transfer enhancements are around 1.97–5.14 and 2.04–5.27 times over the smooth channel for 30° and 45° attack angles, respectively. However, the corre-sponding friction loss values for 30° and 45° are around 4.26–86.55 and 5.03–97.98 times higher than the smooth square channel, respectively. The optimum thermal enhancement factor on both cases is found at RB=0.10 and the lowest Reynolds number, Re=3000, to be about 1.47 and 1.52, respectively, for 30° and 45° wavy-ribs.     

扁材多孔管内单相流体换热

对水力直径分别为0.72 mm的矩形扁材多孔管和0.86 mm的圆形扁材多孔管中单相流体换热特性以及流动压降进行了实验研究.流体Re小于500时,随着热通量的增大,Nu减小;随着Re的增大,热通量对Nu的影响减小,Nu趋于一致.实验结果显示,这些变化是由于入口段效应和共轭效应相互制约的结果.圆形扁材多孔管的Nu高于矩形扁材多孔管的Nu.对于乙醇溶液,低热阻时,入口温度越高,压降随热阻的增大降低的斜率越小,随着热阻值的增大,压降降低速率减小趋于平缓.对水、酒精和丙酮进行了单相对流换热的研究.通过比较发现,3种流体的换热特性并不相同,而且差别很大.在同一热通量和入口温度条件下,相同Re,乙醇的Nu最大,丙酮次之,水的Nu最小.同时测试了不同乙醇浓度水溶液的换热特性,发现随着乙醇浓度的增大,溶液的Nu由基本保持不变到随着Re的增大而增大,并且乙醇浓度越大相邻浓度间的Nu差别越大,出现以上现象的理论原因还有待进一步的研究.     

换热器自转螺旋扭带自动阻垢技术应用研究

以内置自转塑料螺旋扭带换热器为研究对象,对换热管中有、无自转扭带时污垢的粘附速率、换热器的动态污垢热阻、管壁的磨腐速率进行了工业应用对比试验研究。研究结果表明:自转清洗扭带的防垢、除垢、清洗效果显著,扭带管的污垢平均粘附速率是普通光管的54%;动态污垢热阻比光管下降了30%;塑料扭带对管壁的磨损微乎其微。为自转螺旋塑料扭带的工业应用推广提供了依据。     

R22在水平双侧强化管外的凝结换热

由于世界能源紧张问题日益突出,以节约能源与材料消耗为主要目的,开发高效紧凑式换热器是传热界的重要研究课题．冷凝器作为制冷空调领域的重要设备,其换热效果对机组性能影响很大．因此,对传热强化研究具有重要的意义．国内外对水平管外制冷剂蒸气凝结强化进行了研究,已由早期的二维矩形、梯形低肋管发展到现在的三维强化管（如Thermoexeel-C管、Turbo-C管等）．本文对光管与两种水平双侧强化管（分别为二维低肋管与三维管）进行了R22蒸气在管外凝结换热的试验研究,     

涡产生器结构参数对管片式换热器局部传热特性的影响

通过萘升华传质/传热比拟实验,研究了涡产生器攻角θ、形状角β及跨局Δy对顺排圆管管片式板芯传热特性的影响.结果表明,涡产生器可显著改善圆管尾部回流区的换热;对给定的Re数,Nu数随攻角的增大而增大;适当减小形状角可以扩大涡旋的影响区域,从而使换热增强;当Re数较小时,适当减小跨距会更有效地改善圆管尾部回流区的换热.     

双螺旋结构螺旋折流板换热器试验研究

螺旋折流板换热器中壳程的流动方式与单弓形结构下具有很大的差别,在采用扇形板拼接而成的螺旋折流板结构中采用双螺旋结构来布置更多的折流板,减少流体在扇形板拼接处的漏流,使壳程流体流动更接近于平推流.分别以重柴油和水作为壳程介质,对普通螺旋折流板以及双螺旋结构螺旋折流板的传热性能、阻力性能进行试验研究,发现双螺旋结构在相同Re时,阻力提高9.9%和6.15%,Nu提高14.12%和11.72%,同时可以增大单位压降的Nu.     

内插螺旋立式上行管流场及传热性能的实验研究

通过粒子图像测速流场实验与传热实验相结合，研究了内插螺旋立式上行管的螺旋节距、丝径、中径比等结构参数在不同Re下对流场、阻力及传热性能的影响。结果表明，内插螺旋能够有效扰动和混合管内流体，使管内形成多个纵向旋涡的流体结构、增大管壁附近液体涡量，有利于强化传热。当Re相同时，管内平均流速v、Nu和综合换热性能PEC均随丝径增大而增大，随中径比减小而增大；随节距增大，3种参数均出现增大的趋势，节距大于20 mm后开始减小。管内流体的阻力f随丝径和节距增大而减小，随中径比增大而增大。综合比较，在较低Re时，节距p=20 mm、丝径e=1.6 mm、中径比D/d=0.75时综合传热效果最好。     

平直开缝翅片和波纹翅片管换热器换热特性的数值模拟

采用FLUENT数值模拟方法,研究了平直翅片、平直开缝翅片、正弦波纹翅片和均匀倾角波纹翅片4种形式的翅片管换热器的空气侧流动和传热特性。分析出2种不同的波纹形式以及翅片开缝对翅片管换热器换热特性的影响。改变进口风速,在不同雷诺数的工况下,得到4种换热器的换热量Q、努塞尔数Nu、压降△P以及阻力因子f等与进口风速u和雷诺数Re的关系。结果表明进口风速增大,雷诺数增加,可显著提高换热器换热量,然而同样带来更多的阻力损失。翅片开缝对传热能力有明显的提升作用,波纹翅片在提高换热效率的同时阻力损失增加较小。