低温甲醇洗相平衡模型和气液平衡计算（1）：相平衡模型

以实验和文献数据为基础建立了能描述低甲醇洗工艺中Ｈ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ和ＣＨ３ＯＨ气液相平稳模型；用修改的ＲＫ方程，并考虑量子气体Ｈ２存在的影响，处理气相的非理想性；用Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程处理液相的非理想性，获得满意结果。     

含CO_2体系高压相平衡测定和关联

测定了ＣＯ２－Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ和ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ体系的高压汽液平衡数据，并采用ＥＯＳ／ＧＥ模型推导出局部组成混合规则，用ＳＲＫ方程关联结果与实验值符合较好。     

低温甲醇洗相平衡模型和气液平衡计算(2)——气液平衡计算(续完)

用低温甲醇洗相平衡模型和求出的模型参数，对Ｈ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ、ＣＨ３ＯＨ体系在高压低温条件下的多元系进行了气液平衡计算，计算结果和文献实测值有良好的一致性。     

低温甲醇相平衡模型和气液平衡计算（2）：气液平衡计算（续完）

用低温甲醇洗相平衡模型和求出的模型参数,对Ｈ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ、ＣＨ３ＯＨ体系有高压低温条件下的多元系进行了气液平衡计算,计算结果和文献实测值有良好的一致性。     

丙醇－水／氯化钙体系汽液平衡测定和关联

利用改进的Ｏｔｈｍｅｒ釜测量了０．１０１３ＭＰａ下的ｎ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣａＣｌ２和ｉ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ／ＯａＣｌ２体系恒定盐摩尔分率下ＶＬＥ数据。测定结果用优先溶剂化法、Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程及本文提出的Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程改进式进行了关联。其中Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程改进式关联结果较好，汽相组成平均偏差为０．０１２。     

氧化剂对无铬木质素磺酸盐类钻井液处理剂作用效能的影响

为了提高无铬木质素磺酸盐在钻井液中的作用效能，用生产橡碗 栲胶的废渣为原料制备的无铬木质素磺酸盐，与氧化剂（Ｈ_２Ｏ_２、ＭｎＯ_２、 ＫＭｎＯ_４、ＨＮＯ_３、ＣａＣｌ_２Ｏ_７）进行反应，并测定氧化产物在钻井液中的作用 效能．结果表明，用 ＫＭｎＯ_4、ＨＮＯ_3和 ＣａＣl_2Ｏ_7作氧化剂时，其氧化产物 所处理的钻井液性能恶化；用Ｈ_2Ｏ_２和 ＭｎＯ_２作氧化剂时，其氧化产物所 处理的钻井液性能变好。     

含氟咪唑啉衍生物的制备与用作表面处理剂

９５－０４４含氟咪唑啉衍生物的制备与用作表面处理剂标题的化合物对于润滑性、防腐性、水油相斥性等表面处理是有用的，一般的通式为Ｉ［Ｒ’＝Ｈ、乙烯基、聚乙烯；Ｒ￣２＝ＣＨ＿２Ｒ￣３＝ＣＨ＿２ＣＨ（ＯＨ）Ｒ￣２；Ｒ￣４＝Ｆ、ＣＦ＿３；ｎ＝１～１５］，在１３...     

UNIFAC法预测甲苯,苯甲醛,苯甲酸体系汽液平衡关系

本文增补和修订了适用于芳烃的ＵＮＩＦＡＣ基因相互作用参数（ａＣＨＯ，ＣＯＯＨ，ａＣＯＯＨ，ＣＨＯ）；（ａＡｃＣＨ２，ＣＨＯ、ａＣＨＣ，ＡｃＣＨ２）；（ａＡｃＣＨ２，ＣＯＯＨ、ａＣＯＯＨ，ＡｃＣＨ２）。将其用于计算甲苯、苯甲醛、苯甲酸体系三对二元ＶＬＥ和预测三元ＶＬＥ数据，均获得令人满意的拟合结果。     

CO_2-C_4H_9OH-H_2O体系的立方型状态方程研究

利用 Ｐ Ｒ、 Ｓ Ｒ Ｋ、 Ｈ Ｋ、 Ｐ Ｔ 状态方程（ Ｅ Ｏ Ｓ）计算 Ｃ Ｏ２ 、 Ｃ４ Ｈ９ Ｏ Ｈ、 Ｈ２ Ｏ 纯组份的饱和性质及 Ｃ Ｏ２ 的压缩因子。结果表明, Ｐ Ｔ 方程对水、二氧化碳的蒸汽压及密度预测较佳。对丁醇的密度推算, Ｐ Ｔ 方程最佳, Ｐ Ｔ 方程对丁醇的饱和蒸汽压预测一般。考察了 Ｐ Ｔ 方程参数的影响,指出应根据相平衡的温度范围选取相应的 Ｐ Ｔ 方程参数。对 Ｃ Ｏ２  Ｃ４ Ｈ９ Ｏ Ｈ Ｈ２ Ｏ 体系相平衡的研究宜选用 Ｐ Ｔ 方程。     

三水硝酸铈与18-冠-6配合物的相平衡研究

采用半微量相平衡方法研究了三元体系Ｃｅ（ＮＯ３）３·３Ｈ２Ｏ－ １８Ｃ６－ Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ 在３０３．１５Ｋ 时的溶解度,测定了各饱和溶液的折光率。该体系在３０３．１５Ｋ 时仅生成一种化学计量的配合物Ｃｅ（ＮＯ３）３·１８Ｃ６·３Ｈ２Ｏ。同时试验考察了相平衡过程中水的行为,合成分离了固态配合物,用化学分析,ＩＲ、ＤＴＧ、ＴＧ 及电导测定研究了配合物的组成和性质。     

Equilibrium and Pseudo Equilibrium Low-Temperature Dehydration of Montmorillonoids

Data have been obtained on the corresponding partial water pressures and temperatures at which hydrated montmorillonites will dehydrate reversibly. The data support but cannot establish (unequivocally) the idea that mixed-layer phases are metastable with respect to gross mixtures and usually persist metastably in the stability field of either the dehydrated or the hydrated phase. The influence of the host lattice (montmorillonite. or saponite, and the interlayer cation, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Pb²⁺) is clearly shown in the pressure-temperature curves presented.     

谈谈化学平衡中的标准平衡常数

可逆反应达到平衡时,根据物质在反应中的存在形式,其标准平衡常数可表示成cKθ、pKθ或Kθ。不同形式的标准平衡常数之间既有区别又有联系。结合例题与推导,详细讨论了标准平衡常数的表示形式、换算关系和实际应用。     

含辛烯醛体系的液液、汽液相平衡研究

测定了水-辛烯醛、水-正丁醇二元系在常压下的液液平衡数据及26.66kPa下的正丁醇-辛烯醛二元系和水-正丁醇-辛烯醛三元系的汽液平衡数据.由测定的3对二元数据求取了NRTL常数及有规参数,并与三元数据进行拟合,计算值与实验值符台良好,液液平衡与汽液平衡得到了统一的关联.     

化工热力学中气液平衡和汽液平衡的应用

相平衡是本科生化工热力学课程教学中的核心内容,气液平衡和汽液平衡是吸收和精馏单元操作的理论基础。以混合物平衡准则^fαi=^fβi为理论基础,介绍了化工热力学课程中气液平衡和汽液平衡不同体系在不同压力下的相平衡简化关系式。气液平衡和汽液平衡计算为研究化工单元与过程的极限操作条件和能量的变化、解决化工热力学分析方法的改进提供理论依据,广泛应用于石油开采、混合物的分离、药物的提纯、食品的保存、环境保护等方面。     

The Equilibrium Distribution Coefficient and Its Derivation from TX Solid-Liquid Equilibrium Diagrams

Abstract

It is shown that in a binary system, in which the components form a series of mixed crystals, the equilibrium distribution coefficient at infinite dilution can be derived from the solid-liquid equilibrium diagram. For that purpose an expression is derived that relates the coefficient to the termodynamic properties of the system. The latter, in turn, are related to the solid-liquid equilibrium diagram by means of the equal-G curve. The practical operation of the method is illustrated with a number of examples for existing systems.     

Performance Parameters of Explosives: Equilibrium and Non‐Equilibrium Reactions

For the calculation of the performance parameters of combustion processes, equilibrium thermodynamic processes are taken into account. On the other hand, non‐equilibrium reactions occur, mostly connected with low pressure burning. In this paper, several explosives, explosive mixtures, solid and liquid propellants have been calculated. It is shown how energy output and gas formation depend on the oxygen balance and the enthalpy of formation. It was found that the reason for the higher specific energy of liquid propellants is due to the increased formation of gases consisting of H₂, N₂ and H₂O, compared with conventional solid propellants based on nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin, which produce more CO and CO₂. Non‐equilibrium combustion of solid propellants was found at very low loading densities or pressures lower than 1 to 2 MPa. In this case, the reaction products measured by mass spectrometry, such as NO, N₂O and HCN, are metastable and highly toxic, producing a much lower heat of explosion compared with equilibrium burning measured and calculated.     

奇特的半中和平衡现象

通过对鲜见报道的半中和酸碱平衡现象的深入讨论。揭示了相关三组分等浓度或等含量共存平衡的充分必要条件及相应的配制方法：对帮助理解酸一碱平衡现象有积极意义。     

Equilibrium Order-Disorder in Spinels

The distribution of cations in different coordinations in the spinel structure as a function of equilibrium temperature was quantitatively determined for several phases. The spinels were synthesized and/or reacted at various temperatures and pressures. The relative X-ray intensities of various reflections of the quenched phases were measured and compared with intensities calculated for various models of cation distribution. In NiAl₂O₄ the cation arrangements at 600° and 1550°C are (Al_1.0)^IV(Ni_1.0 Al_1.0)^VIO₄ and (Ni_0.25Al_0.75)^IV(Ni_0.75Al_1.25)^VIO₄, respectively. In Ni₂GeO₄, between 610° and 1400°C, the concentration of Ni²⁺ ions in tetrahedral sites increases from 0 to 23% and in octahedral sites it decreases from 100 to 77% of total nickel present. All these transitions were reversible under equilibrium conditions and can be classified as second-order “reconstructive transition of disorder.” Many spinels cannot be classified as normal or inverse but have a cation distribution which is an equilibrium function of the temperature.     

Investigation of Organosiloxane Equilibrium Reactions

Abstract

A systematic study of the regularities of the equilibrium rearrangement reaction of monomeric and oligomeric organosilicon compounds was carried out. The reactions were carried out in the presence of nucleophilic and electrophilic catalysts. An overview of the experimental data is used to determine the features common to all reactions under consideration.