壳聚糖絮凝剂在水处理中的应用研究进展

介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物作为水处理絮凝剂的优势,探讨了其絮凝机理,并总结了壳聚糖及其衍生物作为絮凝剂在饮用水、城市污水、工业废水以及污泥处理中的应用研究现状.在此基础上,为壳聚糖及其衍生物作为絮凝剂的进一步研究提出了意见和建议.     

给水处理的绿色工艺研究

探讨了天然高分子有机物壳聚糖在给水处理中应用的可行性 ,确定了壳聚糖絮凝处理给水的工艺条件 ,并对其使用的经济效益进行了分析。通过测试壳聚糖去除水中铝的效果 ,突出使用聚糖替代给水处理中铝絮凝剂的优势 ,探索了一条给水处理的绿色工艺     

壳聚糖衍生物在水处理中的应用

天然高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖及其衍生物具有无毒、易生物降解、无二次污染等优点,在水处理中应用极广,从环境持续发展角度来看,具有重大意义。文章主要从废水处理,饮用水处理及污泥调理三方面阐述壳聚糖及其衍生物在水处理中的作用,以及在有机絮凝剂的有效替代品上占据的特殊地位。     

絮凝剂在水处理中的应用与展望

主要探讨了无机絮凝剂中铝盐、铁盐的絮凝机理与应用效果,天然有机高分子絮凝剂中的改性淀粉、改性纤维素、改性木质素及壳聚糖和人造有机高分子絮凝剂在水处理中的应用机理与效果,无机与有机复合絮凝剂的种类、絮凝机理、应用效果。并对无机、有机、无机与有机复合三种类型絮凝剂在水处理中的优缺点与应用现状进行比较,指出复合絮凝剂与天然有机絮凝剂在饮用水处理方面具有良好应用前景。     

壳聚糖基复合材料在水处理中的应用研究进展

介绍了壳聚糖的结构、性质及其在水处理中的应用原理,综述了壳聚糖与粘土、二氧化硅、无机高分子絮凝剂及其它无机材料复合得到的壳聚糖基复合材料在水处理中的应用研究进展,提出未来的发展应加强处理机理的研究、对重金属离子外的其它无机物和有机物的处理研究以及产业化应用研究。     

壳聚糖絮凝性能及其在微污染源水中的应用研究

介绍了壳聚糖的化学结构和性质,探讨了其絮凝机理,总结了壳聚糖在微污染源水处理中的应用研究现状,并为壳聚糖絮凝剂的进一步研究提出意见和建议。     

壳聚糖絮凝性能及其在微污染源水中的应用研究

介绍了壳聚糖的化学结构和性质,探讨了其絮凝机理,总结了壳聚糖在微污染源水处理中的应用研究现状,并为壳聚糖絮凝剂的进一步研究提出意见和建议。     

甲壳素/壳聚糖在废水处理中的应用

综述了甲壳素和壳聚糖在含重金属离子废水、有色废水、食品加工废水和生活污水强化生物处理中的应用现状，认为甲壳素和壳聚糖是高效的生物吸附剂和絮凝剂，有颦在水处理领域获得更加广泛的应用。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在工业污水处理中的研究及应用

介绍了近年来国内外壳聚糖及其衍生物在不同工业污水处理中的应用及相关机理.壳聚糖及其衍生物作为絮凝剂、金属离子的螯合剂以及有机物的吸附剂,在工业污水处理中有着相当广泛的应用,主要是絮凝和处理含重金属离子的工业废水,环境效益显著.壳聚糖及其衍生物是绿色的水处理剂,其未来发展的方向是合成性能更为优良的改性壳聚糖,与其他技术复合使用,并深入研究其对复杂工业废水的处理能力.     

壳聚糖的改性及其在水处理中的应用

壳聚糖是一种新型的天然高分子有机絮凝剂,具有原料丰富、无毒、易于生物降解等特点,在水处理中展现广阔的应用前景.本文综述了壳聚糖的改性方法,以及它在地表水和工业废水处理应用中的最新进展,并作了展望.     

Enhancement of Lutein Yield from Coagulated Chlorella sp. ESP-6 with Sodium Hypochlorite

Applying coagulant such as polyaluminum chloride (PACl) or chitosan can improve harvesting efficiency of microalgae from broth. However, the coagulant molecules have affinity to lutein molecules, so coagulation reduces the lutein yield. This work proposed the addition of NaOCl with coagulant for enhancing lutein recovery from Chlorella sp. ESP-6 cells. Adding PACl or chitosan largely enhanced membrane filtration flux but had no effects on residual solid contents of filter cake. NaOCl released insoluble substances from the biomass matrix and deteriorated soluble lutein in water. When both NaOCl and coagulant were presented, the NaOCl helped to release the lutein out of the biomass, while the PACl and chitosan molecules assisted in capturing the OCl^– ions. A practical harvest scheme including applying both PACl and NaOCl to optimize coagulation and maximum yield from Chlorella sp. ESP-6 biomass was discussed.     

PSAFC-CTS絮凝剂的制备与絮凝特性研究

采用实验室自制聚硅酸氯化铝铁( PSAFC)与天然有机高分子壳聚糖(CTS)进行复配,制备成新型的无机-有机复合絮凝剂PSAFC -CTS.将该复合絮凝剂应用于蓝藻废水的处理,考察了 PSAFC与CTS的质量比、pH、反应温度及反应时间4个因素对其浊度去除率的影响,优化出最佳合成工艺条件为:m(PSAFC)∶m(CTS) =5∶1,pH为2.5,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为60 min.通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对PSAFC -CTS结构进行表征,结果表明,PSAFC与CTS在反应前后物质结构发生了变化,形成了相互交联成网状的三维新结构,生成了一种新型聚合配位化合物.     

Metal recovery using chitosan

Chitosan is a natural polycationic polymer which possesses valuable properties as a metal recovering and water purifying agent. Applications are —waste water treatment for heavy metal and radio isotope removal and valuable metal recovery, —potable water purification for reduction of unwanted metals, —agriculture—controlled release of trace metals essential to plant growth, —food—complex binding of iron in precooked food to reduce ‘warmed-over flavour’. The interactions of metals with chitosan are complex, probably simultaneously dominated by adsorption, ion-exchange and chelation. To study this it is of utmost importance to work with well characterized chitosans. This has been a problem as available characterizing methodology is limited. Degree of polymerization and deacetylation and the distribution of acetyl groups along the polymer chain is of crucial importance for chitosan metal interacting characteristics. Making chemical derivatives is a way to alter the metal interacting characteristics of chitosan. Chitosan possesses general coagulant/flocculant characteristics towards bio-molecules and surfaces.     

A Review of the Use of Chitosan for the Removal of Particulate and Dissolved Contaminants

Abstract

Chitosan has unique properties among biopolymers, especially due to the presence of primary amino groups. Chitosan has been used for the chelation of metal ions in near‐neutral solution, the complexation of anions in acidic solution (cationic properties due to amine protonation), the coagulation of negatively charged contaminants under acidic conditions, and for precipitative flocculation at pH above the pKa of chitosan. The coagulation and flocculation properties can be used to treat particulate suspensions (organic or inorganic) and also to treat dissolved organic materials (including dyes and humic acid). This paper will give an overview of the principal results obtained in the treatment of various suspensions and solutions: (a) bentonite suspensions; (b) organic suspensions; (c) anionic dye solutions; and (d) humic acid solutions. Stoichiometry and charge restabilization were determined for the coagulation of humic acid, kaolin, and organic dyes with chitosan, indicating charge neutralization as the dominant mechanism for removal. Charge patch destabilization and bridging mechanisms were inferred in other cases, based on the effects of the apparent molecular weight of the chitosan preparations and effectiveness of sub‐stoichiometric doses of chitosan. For dye solutions, results showed that color can be removed either by sorption onto solid‐state chitosan or by coagulation‐flocculation using dissolved‐state chitosan; the reactivity of amine groups was significantly increased when dissolved chitosan was used. For humic materials, chitosan can be used as a primary coagulant or as a flocculant after coagulation with alum or other inexpensive coagulants. The influence of the degree of deacetylation and the molecular weight of chitosan on its performance as coagulant/flocculant is illustrated by several examples.     

聚硅酸铁处理低温低浊水的研究

用自制的聚硅酸铁作混凝剂进行了低温浊水的烧杯搅拌实验，考察其混凝性能，并与硫酸铁等混凝剂进行对比，结果表明，聚硅酸铁具有良好的混凝并有望取代铝盐类混凝剂应用于饮用水的处理中。     

壳聚糖季铵盐在混凝-微滤工艺中的应用研究

通过3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)改性壳聚糖(CS)制备壳聚糖季铵盐(CS-CTA),并将其应用在混凝-微滤工艺中来研究其对出水水质和膜污染的影响。结果表明,在CS-CTA投加量为4 mg/L时,出水水质最好,此时UV254去除率为81.8%,浊度去除率为99%以上;在CS-CTA投加量为3 mg/L时,混凝出水引起的不可逆膜阻力最小,膜通量最高;与PAC相比,CS-CTA作为混凝剂能更有效地减缓膜污染。     

混凝剂PFS处理焦化废水的研究

采用混凝剂PFS对焦化废水进行处理.分析了混凝剂PFS、助凝剂PAM、初始pH值、搅拌时间、温度等因素对COD、浊度、色度的影响.研究表明,较佳的工艺条件:混凝剂PFS为350mg/L,助凝剂PAM为18mg/L,初始pH值为8,加入PAM后的搅拌时间为8min,温度为40℃,处理后的出水COD去除率达到46％以上.     

新型钛混凝剂的制备及应用评估

随着钛工业的快速发展,钛混凝剂受到广泛关注。通过溶胶-凝胶法改性制备得到的钛凝胶混凝剂具有稳定性高、絮体生成速率快等特点,有望替代铁铝盐应用到水处理中。结合钛混凝剂的发展历程和研究现状,重点分析了钛凝胶混凝剂的应用潜力。钛凝胶混凝剂可应用于低温低浊水、含藻水和印染废水的处理以及膜前预处理,解决铁铝混凝剂应用中存在的问题。此外,通过复配使用以及污泥资源化,有望降低钛混凝剂的应用成本。     

复合型铁盐混凝剂研究进展

复合型铁盐混凝剂在聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯比铁基础上研究成功的新型高效净水剂之一，具有品种多，生产方法多，原料来源多的特点。应用于原水和废水净化处理上，其凝聚和处理效果优于其他无机混凝剂。按阴离子复合，阳离子复合，多种离子复合等3类，综述了近年来我国复合型铁盐混凝剂开发研究的进展情况。