微生物对煤的溶解研究进展

煤的微生物溶化是煤炭综合利用研究中的新领域。从溶煤微生物，微生物溶酶活性物及溶煤机理，溶解煤的酶木素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶，微生物溶煤产物分析及微生物溶煤产物的应用等方面详细地探讨了煤的微生物液化研究的现状，指出了寻求高效菌种，开发溶煤新产品及探索溶煤产物的新用途将是今后微生物转化的主要研究方向。     

煤的微生物转化

煤的微生物转化是煤炭综合利用研究中的新领域.本文从微生物溶煤试验方式、溶煤微生物、可被微生物溶解的煤、微生物溶煤产物分析、微生物溶煤活性物及溶煤机理、微生物溶煤产物的应用等方面详细地探讨了煤的微生物转化研究的现状.指出寻求高效菌种、开发溶煤新产品及探索溶煤产物的新用途将是今后煤的微生物转化的主要研究方向.     

煤炭微生物转化技术研究状况与前景分析

笔者从煤的成因及结构着手,阐述了煤溶解的几种机理、溶煤微生物菌种选择、可被微生物溶解的煤、微生物溶煤产物的性质及结构特点、微生物溶煤产物的应用,探讨了煤的微生物转化研究的现状。指出寻求与培育出高效菌种、探索溶煤产物的新用途及从溶煤产物中分离抽提出高附加值的化工品是今后煤的微生物转化的重要研究方向。     

腐植酸微生物溶解研究

以泥炭及风化煤的腐植酸为研究对象，考察微生物溶煤机理及作用本质。用ＦＴ－ＩＲ，＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ等表征产物。微生物溶解腐植植酸同时有降解作用。腐植酸溶解产物有了表面活性和促进植物生长作用。     

微生物液化褐煤的溶煤方式和工艺条件研究

利用4种真菌研究了硝酸氧化煤的微生物溶解作用．实验对细胞液、无细胞液和加煤诱导的无细胞液的溶煤效果进行了比较，细胞液的溶煤效果要优于无细胞培养液的溶煤效果，加煤诱导的无细胞液的溶煤效果要优于不加煤诱导的无细胞液；通过测定溶煤过程中的pH值的变化得出了溶煤碱溶机理；确定了菌种的生长时间为7d；煤的粒径越小越有利于微生物作用，溶煤效果越好．     

微生物溶煤研究进展

煤的微生物溶解是煤炭加工与综合利用的新领域。笔者从微生物溶煤的研究背景、研究方法、机理研究、溶煤产物应用及存在的问题与发展前景等方面进行了详细探讨。指出加强对煤炭结构、煤炭和微生物的生态关系以及微生物溶煤新方法的研究是今后微生物溶煤领域的主要研究方向。     

云芝培养胞外液溶煤产物的应用

利用云芝（Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｒｏｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ）培养胞外液溶解扎赍诺尔褐煤样所得产物进行农作物栽培和水煤浆制备试验。研究结果表明，在盆栽条件下溶煤产物明显刺激玉米苗和蒜苗的生长，增强其抗旱能力；溶煤产物添加于大同煤样水煤浆中，有明显降粘作用。     

褐煤溶解菌的筛选及溶煤初步研究

从堆煤场土壤中筛选得到一株能溶解平庄褐煤的菌种，测定不同时间下该菌种溶煤液滴的紫外吸收光谱变化、煤样的红外吸收变化和溶煤率的变化，发现该菌株通过生物氧化作用，先将部分褐煤溶解为含有芳香族化合物的液滴，后将溶煤液滴降解为低分子量化合物．该过程溶煤率最高为20．0％，菌种在溶煤过程中还降低了褐煤中的硫含量．     

煤生物转化研究新进展

自然风化或经氧化处理的低品位煤为真菌作用所溶(降)解,溶解产率取决于煤氧化程序、菌种和培养条件等。高氧化煤在适宜的真菌固相表面培养作用下,溶解产率高达80～90%,液体培养的无细胞滤液也有明显的溶解作用。提出了酶溶解、碱溶解和金属螯合致溶解等机理。溶解产物分子量为数干至数万,具有与原煤类似的化学结构。溶解产物继续通过生化作用转化为分子量较小的化学产物或气化燃料。化学产物具有某种官能基团表面活性及螯合作用等,可在环保,农业和工矿业生产中获得应用。     

神府煤生物转化用溶煤菌株的优选研究

为提高神府煤的生物转化率和产物的定向转化选择性,在固体无机盐培养基中,以神府风化煤为唯一碳源,采用平板划线法从分离自神府煤矿洗煤废水的47株茵中筛选出了3种溶煤效果较好的茵株XK-a、XK-b、XK-c.分别用这3种菌株在液体无机培养基中转化神府原煤和经光氧化6 h后的煤,结果发现XK-b具有较强的溶煤能力,并且对光氧化神府煤有更强的转化能力,光氧化煤的生物转化率最高达到22.7%,水溶性产物经NaOH溶液调pH值后碱沉淀物产率可达17.5%.光氧化煤经XK-b转化前后的FTIR分析表明,光氧化煤和XK-b转化残煤的光谱特征非常相似,但其经XK-b转化产生的水溶性物质的醚键结构与光氧化煤有明显差别,羟基官能团明显增加.     

Effect of culture pH on the antioxidant properties of Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture

Effects of culture pH ranging from pH 3.0 to 6.0 on yields of bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and free radical scavenging ability of methanolic extracts from mycelia and filtrates of Antrodia camphorata in a submerged culture were investigated. Culture pH significantly affected antioxidant and scavenging free radical activities of both the methanolic extracts of the mycelia and the filtrates. A low culture pH (3.0) favored cell growth, but higher culture pH (5.0) favored antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of the mycelia and the filtrates were found to be correlated with total phenolic content, polysaccharide content, and protein/polysaccharide ratios. Antioxidant production was maximum at pH 5.0 at which the total phenolics and polysaccharide/protein ratio in the methanolic extracts of the mycelia were 152.2 mg/g and 0.335, respectively. The total phenolics might be the compounds responsible for the antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of the mycelia and the filtrates on lipid peroxidation and scavenging effects of ferrous ions. The maximum polysaccharide content of the methanolic extracts of the filtrates was 55.3 mg/g at pH 5.0. Higher yields of antioxidants were obtained in the submerged culture as compared with that of fruiting bodies. An alternative approach for producing antioxidants of A. camphorata in a submerged culture instead of solid state cultures was demonstrated in this study.     

The solubilization of coal with wood pyrolysis oil: The role of phenolic components

It has been observed that phenols are capable of enhancing the solubility of coal. It is of interest to investigate the ability of a natural, biomass material to react with coal. Such a material has a complex chemical matrix but is rich in phenolic components. The nature of reactions of this type may provide unique insights regarding the reactivity of coal. The results of a preliminary investigation of the ability of a highly phenolic wood pyrolysis oil to convert coal to a more soluble coal product are described. Four coals were studied over a temperature range of 60–460°C. The time of reaction and the wood oil:coal ratio were also considered. The wood oil was recovered and was used in a subsequent reaction with coal. For the two coals tested with this recycled wood oil, it was found that a greater extent of solubility of the coals was achieved. Some of the implications of using such a natural biomass material are discussed.     

高炉炭砖性能与原料的选择

对不同煅烧温度下不同原料配比的实验结果进行了分析，得出：山西阳泉四矿无烟煤、云南昭通小发路煤矿无烟煤不宜作炭砖原料；太西洗煤厂精洗煤是高炉炭砖的优质原料；贵州织金煤矿无烟煤如果煅烧条件适宜，也可作高炉炭砖的优质原料；提高骨料的石墨化度或提高原煤的煅烧温度，是提高高炉炭砖导热系数的有效途径。     

固体热载体热解高挥发分烟煤产物分布及性质

以三种高挥发分烟煤为原料,对固体热载体煤热解获得的气、油、焦产物产率、组成和性质进行了考察.结果表明,提高煤与热载体的混合热解温度可使煤气和焦油产率有所增加.热解焦油产率可达干煤重量的9%～11%,热解焦油可用于提取具有较高附加值的BTX,PCX,萘及脂肪族烃类等产品.热天平燃烧实验结果显示,热解半焦仍具有很好的着火和燃烧特性,随着热解反应温度的提高,燃烧区间向高温区移动,确定了半焦燃烧的反应动力学及其参数.     

Alkaline hydrothermal zeolites synthesized from high SiO2 and Al2O3 co-disposal fly ash filtrates

A co-disposal reaction was used wherein fly ash (FA) was reacted with acid mine drainage (AMD), to collect filtrates for zeolite synthesis. Raw fly ash as well as fly ash leached with HCl were subjected to the same alkaline hydrothermal zeolite synthesis conditions, as for the co-disposal filtrates, in order to evaluate the zeolitic material obtained. The Si and Al contents of the fly ash (FA) filtrates were used as precursor species for the alkaline hydrothermal conversion of the fly ash filtrates into zeolites. These filtrates were then analysed by XRF spectrometry for quantitative determination of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. The [SiO₂]/[Al₂O₃] ratio obtained in the filtrates range from 1.4 to 2.5. The [SiO₂]/[Al₂O₃] ratio was used to predict whether the fly ash filtrates could successfully be converted into faujasite zeolitic material by the adopted synthesis procedures. If the [SiO₂]/[Al₂O₃] ratio is higher than 1.5 in the co-disposal filtrates, it favours the formation of faujasite. The zeolite synthesis included an alkaline fusion of the co-disposal filtrates, followed by aging for 8 hours and hydrothermal conversion by crystallisation at 100 °C. Different variables were investigated during the synthesis of zeolite to ascertain their influence on the end product. These variables include adding different amounts of deionised water to the FA-related starting material, using different compositions of FA related starting material and different FA:NaOH ratios in fusing the starting material.     

STUDY OF CLOUDING AND DYE SOLUBILIZATION IN CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE-ELECTROLYTE SYSTEMS

Clomipramine hydrochloride (CLP), an antidepressant drug, is amphiphilic in nature and self-aggregates at 22 mM (25°C). The drug shows a critical demixing (liquid-liquid phase separation) when the temperature is raised. The critical point (CP; often referred to as the cloud point) is susceptible to the presence of additives. Herein, we report the clouding phenomenon occurring in CLP drug solutions in the presence of electrolytes. At a fixed drug concentration (50 mM) and fixed pH (6.25), CLP shows CP at 32°C, which can be tuned with the addition of salts. With NaX (X = F^?, Cl^?, Br^?) and MBr (M = Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) salts, the CP increases due to adsorption and salting-in/salting-out phenomenon. Quaternary salts, tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB), tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB), tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB), and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) form mixed micelles and hence increase CP of the drug solution. Dye solubilization experiments on drug-electrolyte systems and energetic parameters evaluated for drug-NaF system also support the explanations forwarded for the process of clouding.     

SPI改性煤和氧化煤的生物降解研究

以大豆分离蛋白质（SPI）为改性剂，用吸附和接枝的方法对神府煤及神府氧化煤进行了表面改性和生物降解研究，用FTIR对接枝改性煤进行了表征，用从土壤中分离的混合微生物菌种，对煤及SPI改性煤和氧化煤进行了好氧生物降解实验，以生物降解产生的CO2产率、试样的最终失重率、降解残煤的FTIR分析、腐植酸含量测定和降解残液的UV-VIS光谱表征了生物降解效果，结果表明，SPI改性对煤和氧化煤的微生物降解有促进作用，尤其是对氧化煤促进作用更明显，接枝改性的促进作用比吸附改性强，并且，由于接枝改性扣吸附改性中SPI与煤的界面相互作用不同，从而导致他们具有不同的生物降解机理。