改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤器处理含油污水的工业性试验研究

根据改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤技术处理油田含油污水的前期试验,进行工业性放大试验,验证了其处理含油污水的可行性,确定了过滤器的设计和运行参数.结果表明,作为油田含油污水处理工艺中的二级过滤设备,改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤器处理后的水质能够达到大庆油田低渗透率油层回注水水质控制指标,实现了膜滤技术在油田含油污水处理上的应用,...     

改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤器处理油田含油污水探索性试验研究

试验根据大庆油田含油污水的水质特性,开展改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤技术处理油田含油污水的探索性小型试验装置现场试验,通过试验确定改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤应用于大庆油田含油污水处理技术上是可行的。现场试验结果表明,经改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤处理后的出水水质能够达到大庆油田低渗透率油层回注水水质控制指标(即:含油质量浓度≤8.0mg/L、悬浮固体质量浓度≤3.0mg/L、颗粒粒径中值≤2.0μm),并初步确定了改性聚四氟乙烯膜精细过滤器的结构和设计参数,为下一步的放大试验奠定了基础。     

膜过滤装置在稠油污水处理中的效果分析

风城特稠油污水属于重碳酸钠水型,水质矿化度高,在传统双滤料过滤器和锆英砂过滤器筛管表面易结垢导致筛管堵塞及滤料板结,造成过滤器处理能力短期内下降,既影响了生产又增加了清洗成本。本文主要针对特稠油污水处理过程中存在的筛管结构问题,研发改性聚四氟乙烯荷电膜滤芯,对特稠油联合处理站水区一级过滤出口和进口做了污水膜法处理以及膜组件耐高温试验,为过滤器的优选供技术支持。     

粹文详摘

CW3282006年全国工程塑料应用进展(续)3机械设备(6)油田污水分离膜:对PTFE膜进行强酸磺化改性、热轧,并通过钴放射进行特殊的表面处理。处理后的PTFE膜的亲水性比未处理的提高300倍。将处理后的PTFE膜制成滤芯,处理油田含油污水,处理后的水质指标基本达到SY/T5329-1994要求。(7     

油田采出水的精细过滤技术

低渗透油层渗透率〈0．1μm^2，孔喉半径小，容易被堵塞，对注入水质要求高，目前缺乏对含有原油、化学添加剂、粉质颗粒和无机盐的油田采出水适应性强的精细过滤设备。本文介绍了油田采出水回注精细过滤材料试验和采用旋流配水、脉冲水流反洗技术的改性聚四氟乙烯滤芯过滤装置的小试和中试研究情况，研究开发的改性聚四氟乙烯精细过滤装置，当进水含油量〈20mg／L、悬浮物含量〈20mg／L时，出水达到了（《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标》（SY5329-94）规定的A1级注水水质标准。     

微滤陶瓷膜对海上油田回注污水的深度处理效果

为解决海上油田回注污水水质不达标的问题,进行了微滤陶瓷膜过滤技术深度处理回注污水的试验,探讨了运行条件和回注污水水质对陶瓷膜过滤效果的影响,同时还评价了试验装置对某实际海上油田回注污水的处理效果。结果表明,随着跨膜压差、温度和进膜流量的增大,膜通量大致呈现逐渐增大的趋势;回注污水中悬浮物和乳化油的含量越高,滤后清液中两者的含量也越高;悬浮物粒径和乳化油粒径中值越大,过滤效果越好;陶瓷膜可以滤除某海上油田回注污水中93.9%的悬浮物和74.1%的乳化油,同时将粒径中值降低42.4%,表明陶瓷膜过滤技术是深度处理海上油田回注污水的有效方法。     

聚四氟乙烯膜的亲水改性和应用进展

综述了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）膜的亲水改性及其应用的研究进展，主要介绍了化学处理法、等离子体法、辐射接枝法、原子层沉积法等改性技术，以及改性PTFE膜在空气净化、膜蒸馏及电池隔膜领域的应用，最后对PTFE膜的发展与应用进行了展望。     

聚四氟乙烯膜的表面改性研究进展

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)是一种全氟化聚合物,由四氟乙烯(CF2=CF2)聚合而成,是一种线型热塑性聚合物。C-F键的强键能使其具备优异的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性、高机械强度。但是,PTFE具有强疏水性。因此,在用PTFE微滤膜进行水处理时,膜污染严重,使其应用受到了极大的限制。为了提高PTFE膜的抗污染性能,使其得到广泛的应用。人们采用了各种改性方法,如化学改性、等离子体辐照、原子层沉积和高温熔化来表面改性PTFE膜,提高其抗污染性能。本文介绍了近年来聚四氟乙烯膜改性技术的研究进展。讨论了聚四氟乙烯改性方法的优缺点,并对聚四氟乙烯多孔膜的应用方向进行了展望。     

油田回注污水处理技术研究

油田采出的污水经过处理之后,重新注入地层当中不但能够减少对于环境的污染,而且可以降低油田的开采成本。但是若采用未达标的污水进行回注,不但会对储层造成损伤,使注入压力异常升高,而且还会导致油田的集输系统以及注入井的井筒发生腐蚀或结垢。针对这一问题,本文首先阐述了当前应用较多的油田污水处理方法和技术,在此基础上分析了污水处理的新技术新工艺,并提出了未来这一技术的发展方向。通过分析后发现,当前普遍采用的回注污水方法在工艺和技术上都具有一定的局限性,应当对其进行完善,而包括悬浮污泥过滤、膜生物反应器处理等各类污水处理的新工艺,由于具有处理成本较低、处理效果较好等优势,适合在油田进行进行推广应用。     

聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜的制备、改性及应用研究进展

介绍了聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜的3种制备方法:挤出拉伸法、纺丝法和包缠法;同时介绍了聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜的各种改性方法,包括湿化学法、等离子体处理、辐照、原子层沉积和高温熔融等;简要概述了聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜在膜蒸馏、油/水分离、空气净化和CO_2捕获等方面的应用。     

污水处理厂二级水处理中陶瓷膜的精密过滤特性

本研究对城市生活污水处理厂二次处理水，采用周期逆洗型静态过滤方式进行了精密膜过滤。为了保持一定的过滤速度，逐渐升高过滤压力。通过不同的逆洗启动压力，对逆洗频率，膜恢复状态，以及过滤全过程中各种过滤条件下所消耗的能量进行了核算分析。对影响过滤的诸因素进行了有益的探讨。在连续高速、稳定的过滤方面提出了实践性的方案。     

动态膜的形成机理及其水处理性能研究

以陶瓷管为载体,对高岭土动态膜的形成及其污水处理性能进行了详细的研究.实验中采用错流过滤方式涂膜,考查了跨膜压差、涂膜液浓度、错流速度及涂制时间等对动态膜形成的影响.通过对实验数据分析可知,动态膜形成初期10～13 min,膜的形成过程可用标准过滤模型描述,在此期间颗粒堵塞载体膜管孔道,致使渗透液通量急剧减小;之后,膜的形成过程符合滤饼过滤模型,这一阶段颗粒主要在载体膜管内壁面沉积,渗透液通量缓慢下降直至基本稳定.制备的动态膜可用于处理城市污水厂二级出水,动态膜对浊度去除率基本上为100%,对COD也有一定的去除作用.     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOCCULATION EFFECTS IN FILTER THEORY

A flocculation model of filtration was applied to estimate flocculation conditions in filter beds. The model was derived on the basis of hydraulic parameters and defined in terms of the mean velocity gradient in filter beds. The velocity gradient allows us to establish the effect of filter media density, which has not been yet described quantitatively. Presented are also relations between media density and the optimal filtration rate and filter bed depth. It was found that floes compressibility together with some other hydraulic parameters should be considered important when determining the filtration capacity of the beds. Development of the flocculation effects in filtration theory leads to the optimization of filter designing.     

Membrane choice for wastewater treatment using external cross flow tubular membrane filtration

Systematic investigations of activated sludge separation were conducted using membrane filtration. To accomplish this, different organic tubular membranes with different separation limits and diameters were examined. Furthermore, from the results obtained in the initial tests, an appropriate membrane was chosen for a long-term test. The investigations determined that for biomass separation by the tubular membranes in the tested system, neither the membrane material nor the separation limit within a range of 1 μm to 20,000 Da had a significant influence on the filtration characteristics. It was recognized that the application of a tubular membrane with a diameter of less than 8 mm is problematic, because high flow velocities were needed to prevent blockage of the membrane. When the flow velocity was in the range of 1 to 4 m/s, a linear relation between flux and velocity was found. This showed the potential for controlling the membrane filtration process and externally influencing the permeate rate. An average retention of TOC was about 75%. The retention of TOC was not significantly influenced by the nominal pore sizes of the membranes (except for the membrane WFNX 0505) which were tested here. The ultrafiltration membrane WFS 0120 (Stork) was prominent in the long-term test due to its very high flux, germfree permeate with a MWCO (molecular weight cut-off) of 100,000 Da, and was not blocked with a diameter of 14.4 mm, also at lower flow velocities. The results of the long-term test supported the hypothesis that a meaningful application of such a module concept is possible in a filtration plant for the preparation of samples or for the rejection of the biomass in small sewage treatment plants.     

连续微滤管式膜生活污水深度处理工业化试验

微滤膜过滤技术和生活污水后处理相结合,开辟了生活污水深度处理新方法和污水利用新途径,使生活污水资源化工业化利用成为可能。对一次微滤管式膜生活污水深度处理工业化试验进行了详细论述,分析讨论了各种试验数据,证明了微滤膜过滤技术应用于生活污水后处理技术可行。同时在试验中还发现,试验所用微滤膜处理效果,可以达到超微滤膜处理同等效果。     

Recovery of Water from Sewage Effluents using Alumina Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes

Abstract

This work highlights the recovery of water from sewage effluents using alumina ceramic membranes with pore sizes of 0.2 and 0.45 µm respectively in dead‐end filtration mode. The work demonstrates the ability and advantages of alumina‐based microfiltration (MF) membranes in filtering microbes and other harmful pollutants normally present in sewage effluents in dead‐end filtration mode. The fouling behavior of the membranes in the filtration cycle is identified, which in turn helped to regenerate the fouled membranes for subsequent usage. Regeneration studies of fouled membranes also suggest that though chemical cleaning was effective in recovering membrane performance, the fouling had still been progressed slowly and the membranes showed the ability to perform at least five filtration cycles of highly‐contaminated sewage effluents. As expected, the filtration efficiency and flux characteristics at various transmembrane pressure (TMP) of the membranes varies with the pore size of the membrane and is explained in light of Darcy's and Poiseuille's laws of filtration. The results show that alumina ceramic membrane with disc geometry having a pore size of 0.2 µm is more effective in filtering the total suspended solids, turbidity and microbes of the sewage effluents as compare to that of 0.45 µm membrane to a level in which the permeate water appears to be benign for discharging into the surface thereby offering the possibility of recycling or reusing the recovered water from the sewage effluents for suitable purposes.     

复合式纤维滤料快速滤池过滤技术及试验研究

介绍一种纤维球滤料层与纤维束滤料层组合的快速滤池的结构特点、运行机理,并通过试验测得了主要技术参数。在试验条件下,滤池的过滤速率为35 m/h,浊度去除率最高可达97.6%,截污容量16 kg/m3[纤维],其过滤速率、过滤精度、截污容量、运行周期均优于粒状滤料滤池和纤维束滤池,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

膜分离技术在低渗透油藏含油污水处理中的应用

膜分离技术是特低渗透油藏开发中注水水质处理的关键技术。根据低渗透油藏开发中注水水质要求,介绍了多级金属膜、有机超滤膜和陶瓷膜处理油田污水的效果,阐明了膜分离技术在低渗透油藏精细水处理中的适用性,并对膜过滤装置的反洗方法进行了研究。     

城市污水生物膜法处理化学除磷研究

城市生活污水污染负荷已超过工业废水污染负荷,处理工艺的优化就成为当今城市污水处理的重要课题。采用生物膜处理工艺对城市污水进行生物处理和化学除磷,通过为期一年的试验表明,考核的主要污染物指标达到GB18918-2002一级排放标准。     

陶瓷微滤膜澄清中药提取液的研究

本文对无机陶瓷膜错流过滤澄清中的中药提取液进行研究,考察了澄清效果,研究了操作压差,流速等条件对膜通量的影响,对污染机理进行了初步分析;采用多各清洗剂交替清洗使膜通量得到很好的恢复,研究表明,采用陶瓷微滤膜进行了中药提取液的澄清是一极有前途的新技术。