碳纤维表面处理工艺综述

本文根据国外文献报导和本人从事碳纤维表面处理工艺研究的经验,系统归纳了碳纤维高温热处理、碳纤维电化学处理、碳纤维表面氧化处理、碳纤维表面化学处理的处理工艺、处理结果及强化纤维性能的机理,並指出如何根据实际需要,选择恰当的碳纤维表面处理工艺方法:从而对开展碳纤维表面处理工艺研究和发展碳纤维增强复合材料可提供一定帮助。     

碳纤维的电化学氧化表面处理

本文综述了关于碳纤维电化学氧化表面处理的研究现状,碳纤维表面的化学表征,以及处理对碳纤维及其复合材料性能的影响;同时也总结了碳纤维表面处理对于提高碳纤维／树脂复合材料层间剪切强度的解释机理。     

碳纤维表面处理技术探讨

介绍了碳纤维的特点及碳纤维表面处理常用方法,采用液相氧化加上阳极氧化的复合表面处理法对碳纤维进行表面氧化处理,然后将表面处理后的碳纤维加捻、并合、再加捻,浸渍于热塑性聚氨脂树脂中,经干燥,制成附着量约为5%的碳纤维复合线;同时用未经表面处理的碳纤维,在同样条件下制成碳纤维复合线进行对比。结果表明:采用缓和的电化学氧化处理和加热处理,能使纤维表面的缺陷得到修复,碳纤维制造过程所形成的物理缺陷得到缓和,使碳纤维的机械强度可在复合材料中起到更大的作用。     

液相氧化对碳纤维表面性能影响的研究

为了提高碳纤维表面的性能,采用丙酮和硝酸及其混合溶液对碳纤维表面进行了处理,然后采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对表面处理后的碳纤维进行了表面形态结构分析,采用X射线光电子能谱仪研究了碳纤维经过表面处理后其表面官能团的变化情况.结果表明,丙酮和硝酸混合处理120 min后,碳纤维表面粗糙度最大,且表面的羟基官能团含量达到58.16％,有利于提高碳纤维与热塑性塑料的界面结合力.     

碳纤维表面处理技术研究进展

介绍了在碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料中常用的碳纤维表面处理技术,以及不同处理方式对碳纤维力学性能及其增强的聚合物复合材料力学性能的影响。比较了各种表面处理技术的优缺点,并分析了碳纤维表面处理技术的发展趋势。目前,碳纤维的表面处理技术主要有电化学氧化法、偶联剂涂层处理、气相氧化法、液相氧化法和等离子体处理,其中,气相氧化法是目前比较常用的方法,电化学氧化法是目前唯一能够在碳纤维制备时可在线连续运行的技术,且经电化学氧化处理过的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的整体性能均得到提高。采用碳纳米管和石墨烯等碳纳米材料对碳纤维进行表面处理已成为新的研究热点,碳纤维表面处理的低成本化、绿色化和连续生产化将是今后的重点研究方向。     

碳纤维表面氨化处理对环氧树脂在其表面浸润性的影响

分别用氧化方法和氨化方法对碳纤维进行表面处理,采用XPS研究不同处理方法对碳纤维表面元素组成以及官能团的影响。结果表明经过氧化处理后,碳纤维表面的氧含量明显增加,表面有较高的m(O+N)/m(C)比;氨化处理后,碳纤维表面的氮元素明显增加,氧含量减少,并且增加的氮元素主要以氨基的形式存在。采用接触角测试中的插入法和液滴法分别研究碳纤维处理后在水和环氧树脂中的接触角变化。结果表明,经过氧化和氨化方法处理后碳纤维与环氧树脂的接触角降低。氧化与氨化相比,氨化处理后碳纤维与环氧树脂之间有较低的接触角,表明在碳纤维表面增加氨基官能团能显著改善碳纤维和环氧树脂之间的浸润性能。     

碳纤维表面处理对碳纤维/NR复合材料性能的影响

试验研究碳纤维表面处理对碳纤维/NR复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维经表面处理后表面沟槽加宽、加深,粗糙度增大,可改善其与橡胶基体的粘合性。与未处理碳纤维/NR复合材料相比,浓硝酸表面处理3h的碳纤维/NR复合材料的拉伸强度提高46%,耐磨性提高5%;300℃×20min高温氧化表面处理碳纤维/NR复合材料的拉伸强度和耐磨性均提高38%;浓硝酸处理1h后再加1.3份钛酸酯偶联剂的碳纤维/NR复合材料拉伸强度提高25%;碳纤维经浓硝酸处理1h后再进行表面浸胶,复合材料的耐磨性提高34%。     

碳纤维的表面化学镀及其在青铜器纹样中的应用研究

为了将碳纤维应用于青铜器纹样中,采用化学镀的方法在碳纤维表面制备了化学镀镍层和化学镀铜层,研究了碳纤维表面预处理、化学镀镍和化学镀铜对碳纤维表面形貌和力学性能的影响.结果表明,热脱脂处理后碳纤维表面粗糙度增加,凹槽数量增多且深度相对商业碳纤维有所加深;粗化处理后碳纤维表面凹槽模糊化,表面粗糙度增加的同时凹槽棱角有所钝化...     

硝酸处理对碳纤维性能的影响

探讨了国产碳纤维表面硝酸处理及其对性能的影响。试验结果表明,碳纤维经65％浓硝酸表面处理后,其纵向抗拉强度有所提高。并用正交法选出了碳纤维表面硝酸处理的较佳工艺制度。     

粘胶基碳纤维连续式电化学氧化表面处理(1)--碳纤维表面的物理化学性能

本文报道了用连续式电化学氧化表面处理粘胶基碳纤维表面,并测定了处理后碳纤维的单丝强度、表面浸润性、表面活性官能团含量及表面形貌等表面物理化学性能.结果表明:粘胶基碳纤维经电化学氧化表面处理可以有效地在表面产生活性官能团和提高表面粗糙度,从而有效地提高表面润湿性,但经处理后单丝强度较易下降,因此需精确控制处理的条件.     

The Effect of Arylboronic Acid Treatment of Carbon Fiber on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PA66 Composites

PA66 composites filled with surface-treated carbon fiber were prepared by twin-screw extruder in order to study the influence of carbon fiber surface arylboronic acid treatment on the mechanical and tribological behavior of the PA66 composites (CF/PA66). The mechanical property, friction and wear tests of the composites with untreated and treated carbon fiber were performed and the worn surface morphology was analyzed. The results show that the worn surface area of the treated carbon fiber was far smoother than that of the untreated carbon fiber and there formed a bonding adhesion on the carbon fiber surface after treatment. The tensile strength of CF/PA66 composites with surface arylboronic acid treatment was improved. The friction coefficient and wear of arylboronic acid treated CF/PA66 composites were apparently lower than that with untreated carbon fiber. In conclusion, the surface treatment favored the improvement of the higher interface strength and so had good effect on improving the tribological properties of the composites.     

碳纤维表面处理的新方法

碳纤维表现处理是为了改善表面形态结构和表面化学环境,提高表面能,强化与基体树脂两相界面之间的粘接,从而达到提高复合材料层间剪切强度（ILSS）的目的。     

Adhesion characteristics of plasma-surface-treated carbon fiber-epoxy composite with respect to release films used during demolding

The load capabilities of carbon fiber-epoxy composite adhesive joints are affected by surface characteristics of the composite adherends such as surface free energy and chemical composition, which can be altered by plasma surface treatment and the type of release film for demolding carbon fiber-epoxy composites from metal molds. In this paper, suitable plasma surface treatment conditions for carbon fiber-epoxy composite adherends were investigated to enhance the strength of carbon fiber-epoxy composite adhesive joints using dielectric barrier discharges of atmospheric pressure plasmas. The effects of plasma surface treatment on the surface free energy and adhesion strength of carbon fiber-epoxy composites were experimentally investigated with respect to surface treatment time. Also, the surface and adhesion characteristics of carbon fiber-epoxy composites were investigated with respect to release films such as fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), high density polyethylene (PE) and Nylon 6.6. Quantitative chemical bonding analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also performed to understand the load capabilities of composite adhesive joints with respect to plasma treatment time and release films. From the experimental results, it was found that plasma treatment of carbon fiber-epoxy composites did enhance its adhesion strength, irrespective of the type of release film. Regarding adhesion strength, Nylon 6.6 was found to be the most suitable release film for these composites when no plasma treatment could be applied. From the XPS measurements on carbon fiber-epoxy composites, it was found that the carbon bond ratio of C=O to C-C and C-H reached a maximum at around 10 s treatment time, which corresponded well with the load transmission capability of the composite adhesive joint.     

Effect of surface oxygen content and roughness on interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber–polycarbonate composites

The effect of surface chemistry and rugosity on the interfacial adhesion between Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate and a carbon fiber surface subjected to surface treatment to add surface oxygen groups was investigated. The surface oxygen content of PAN based intermediate modulus IM7 carbon fibers was varied by an oxidative surface treatment. The oxygen content of the carbon fiber surface increased from 4 to 22% by changing the degree of surface treatment from 0 to 400% of nominal commercial surface treatment levels. The oxidative surface treatment also causes an increase in surface roughness by creating pores and fissures in the surface by removing carbon from the regions between the graphite crystallites. To decouple the effects of surface roughness and the surface oxides on the interfacial adhesion, the oxidized fiber surface was passivated via hydrogenation at elevated temperature. Thermal hydrogenation removes the oxides on the surface without significantly altering the surface topography. The results of interfacial adhesion tests indicate that an increase in the oxygen content of the fiber does not increase the fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion significantly. Comparing adhesion results between oxidized and hydrogen passivated fibers shows that the effect of the surface roughness on the interfacial adhesion is also insignificant. Overall, dispersive interactions alone appear to be the primary factor in adhesion of carbon fibers to thermoplastic matrices in composites.     

表面活性剂在碳纳米管表面处理中的应用

介绍了表面活性剂在碳纳米管表面处理中的应用及现状,探讨了表面活性剂对碳纳米管表面改性的作用机理,提出在碳纳米管表面处理中应用表面活性剂的展望。引用文献34篇     

Adhesion characteristics of carbon/epoxy composites treated with low- and atmospheric pressure plasmas

Although an adhesive joint can distribute load over a larger area than a mechanical joint, requires no holes, adds very little weight to structures and has superior fatigue resistance, it requires careful surface preparation of adherends for reliable joining and low susceptibility to service environments. The load transmission capability of adhesive joints can be improved by increasing the surface free energy of the adherends with suitable surface treatments. In this study, two types of surface treatment, namely the low pressure and the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, were performed to enhance the mechanical load transmission capabilities of carbon/epoxy composite adhesive joints. The suitable surface treatment conditions for carbon/epoxy composite adhesive joints for both low and atmospheric pressure plasma systems were experimentally investigated with respect to chamber pressure, power intensity and surface treatment time by measuring the surface free energies of the specimens. The change in surface topography of carbon/epoxy composites was measured with AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and quantitative surface atomic concentrations were determined with XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) to investigate the failure modes of composite adhesive joints with respect to surface treatment time. From the XPS investigation of carbon/epoxy composites, it was found that the ratio of oxygen concentration to carbon concentration for both low and atmospheric pressure plasma-treated carbon/epoxy composite surfaces was maximum after about 30 s treatment time, which corresponded with the maximum load transmission capability of the composite adhesive joint.     

Chemical interaction between carbon fibers and surface sizing

Functional groups on the surface of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon fibers and in fiber surface sizing are likely to react during the curing process of composites, and these reactions could affect the infiltration and adhesion between the carbon fibers and resin. T300B‐3000‐40B fibers and fiber surface sizing were heat‐treated at different temperatures, and the structural changes of both the fiber surface sizing and extracted sizing after heat treatment were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of epoxy groups in both the fiber surface sizing and extracted sizing decreased with increasing heat‐treatment temperature and decreased to zero after treatment at 200°C. The concentration of epoxy groups in the extracted sizing was lower than that of the fiber surface sizing after treatment under the same conditions; this indicated that the rate of reaction between the carbon fibers and fiber surface sizing was higher than the reaction rate of the fiber surface sizing system. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the content of C? O bonds and activated carbon atoms on the surface of the desized treated carbon fibers was the highest when the heat‐treatment temperature was 150°C; this proved the reaction between the carbon fibers and the fiber surface sizing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Adhesion characteristics of plasma surface treated carbon/epoxy composite

The load transmission capability of adhesive joints can be improved by increasing the surface free energy of the adherends with surface treatments. In this paper, suitable plasma surface treatment conditions for carbon/epoxy composite adherend were investigated to enhance the strength of carbon/epoxy composite adhesive joints using a capacitively coupled radio-frequency plasma system. Effects of plasma surface treatment parameters on the surface free energy and adhesion strength of carbon/epoxy composite were experimentally investigated with respect to gas flow rate, chamber pressure, power intensity, and surface treatment time. Quantitative chemical bonding analysis determined with XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) was also performed to understand the load transmission capabilities of composite adhesive joints with respect to surface treatment time.     

高温热处理后炭纤维表面微观形态

炭纤维的表面微观形态对其力学性能有很大影响，选择国产和日本东邦公司的炭纤维，对其进行高温热处理（1800～2500℃），研究了热处理温度对炭纤维力学性能、密度的影响。用SEM观察了热处理前后炭纤维的表面微观形态变化，讨论了表面缺陷产生的原因。     

阳极氧化处理对碳纤维强度离散性的影响及表征

采用阳极氧化法对碳纤维进行了表面处理,并探讨了表面处理后碳纤维接触角、强度的变化和碳纤维强度离散性的表征方法。研究发现:碳纤维在阳极氧化表面处理后,接触角变小,说明浸润性增强,强度略有下降,离散性略有增大;表面处理后随放置时间延长,接触角有一定程度增大,强度继续下降,离散性继续增大。用强度CV值和韦伯分布拟合强度所得的韦伯模数两种不同指标表征了表面处理后碳纤维的强度离散性,经验证,两种表征方法的一致性好。