纤维表面不同无机酸掺杂聚苯胺的制备及表征

采用改进的原位化学聚合法在涤纶纤维表面直接氧化生成聚苯胺薄膜。以盐酸、硫酸以及磷酸作为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,探讨了掺杂过程中H+浓度对聚苯胺薄膜导电性能的影响,同时还利用衰减全反射法(ATR)以及场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对不同掺杂条件下的聚苯胺薄膜的红外光谱和形貌进行了分析和观察。     

掺杂态聚苯胺的制备与表征

以本征态聚苯胺为原料,以盐酸、硫酸、5-磺基水杨酸、对甲苯磺酸和十二烷基苯磺酸为掺杂酸,制备出盐酸掺杂聚苯胺、硫酸掺杂聚苯胺、5-磺基水杨酸掺杂聚苯胺、对甲苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺和十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺。对掺杂态聚苯胺的结构、电导率、溶解性和热稳定性进行测试,分析了掺杂酸对本征态聚苯胺的结构与性能的影响。     

聚苯胺复合涂料红外与吸波性能研究

采用化学镀制备镍钴磷合金包覆盐酸掺杂聚苯胺粉体、高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺粉体和本征态聚苯胺粉体复合材料.分别以盐酸掺杂聚苯胺粉体、高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺粉体、本征态聚苯胺粉体以及化学镀复合粉体作为吸波剂,醇酸清漆为基料,制备了吸波涂层,并测定涂层微波反射率.分别以盐酸掺杂聚苯胺、高氯酸掺杂聚苯胺、本征态聚苯胺粉体为填料,聚氨酯为基料,制备红外涂层,并测试涂层的红外发射率.研究结果表明,本征态聚苯胺化学镀复合粉体吸波性能有较大提高,在15.5 GHz,反射率为-7.5 dB;盐酸掺杂聚苯胺粉呈现微波和红外兼容特性,对于雷达红外复合隐身涂料开发具有应用前景.     

樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的合成及性能研究

采用溶液聚合法,用樟脑磺酸(CSA)在间甲酚(m-c)与三氯甲烷(ch)的混合溶剂中对聚苯胺进行掺杂,掺杂能够使聚苯胺在保持较好溶解性的同时,提高其电导率。当PANI/CSA(mol/mol)=1/50时,制备出了电导率高达400 S.cm-1的PANI-CSA自支撑膜。采用四探针法测量了掺杂态聚苯胺的电导率,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和热失重(TG)等方法表征了樟脑磺酸和盐酸掺杂的聚苯胺的结构和形态。     

有机磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的气敏性能

采用化学氧化聚合法,以苯胺为单体,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,在不同的酸性介质中合成了聚苯胺(PAn),采用傅里叶红外光谱和TG-DTA技术埘聚苯胺掺杂前后的结构变化和热稳定性进行了分析,结果表明,掺杂剂的加入降低了聚苯胺分了链的分解温度,与HCl掺杂相比,有机磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺具有更好的热稳定性.研究了不同质子酸掺杂对聚苯胺气敏性能的影响,结果表明有机磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺比PAn-HCI对目标气体具有更好的灵敏性,其中结果最好的PAn-SSA在室温下对1000×10-0NH3的灵敏度达到了15.47,而且响应时间小于20 s,恢复时间小于2 min,响应恢复性能良好.测试了不同酸掺杂聚苯胺灵敏度的长期稳定性,结合TG-DTA的分析结果,说明与PAn-HCI相比,有机磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺具有更好的环境稳定性.     

导电聚苯胺的合成与表征

采用微乳液聚合法,以苯胺为单体、十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)/盐酸(HCl)复合酸掺杂制备了导电聚苯胺,通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,考察了合成工艺条件对聚苯胺导电性能的影响,探讨了有机无机复合酸体系对聚苯胺热稳定性的影响。在复合酸十二烷基苯磺酸与盐酸物质的量比为3∶2、复合酸与单体物质的量比为2.0∶1、聚合温度为20℃、聚合时间为10h的优化条件下,所得到的掺杂态聚苯胺导电性能最佳。适当配比的有机无机复合酸掺杂后,导电聚苯胺的热稳定性显著提高。     

氯铝酞菁、氯镓酞菁和镁酞菁化合物光谱行为的研究

本文主要通过测试真空镀金属酞菁固体膜的光吸收行为,分析了镁酞菁(MgPc)、氯铝酞菁(AlClPc)和氯镓酞菁(GaClPc)的光谱响应,及四氢呋喃(THF)溶剂对氯镓酞菁(GaClPc)、镁酞菁(MgPc)和氯铝酞菁(AlClPc)这些酞菁化合物光谱行为的影响,为这些金属酞菁化合物的应用提供理论的基础。     

四氢呋喃

四氢呋喃(THF)是一种高极性,低毒,低沸点,性能优良的溶剂,广泛用作表面涂料,防腐涂料和薄膜涂料的溶剂,印刷油墨的溶剂,反应溶剂和制造磁带的溶剂等。特别适用于溶解PVC,聚偏氯乙烯。用作电镀铝液可任意控制铝层厚度且光亮度较好。THF与1.4-丁二醇(1.4-BDO)缩聚生成聚四氢呋喃醚(PTMG),大量自身缩聚成聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTMEG),也称四氢呋喃均聚醚,用以生产聚氨酯弹性体,聚氨酯纤维(氨纶,即SPANDEX纤维),特种橡胶和一些特殊用途涂料的原料。THF也可用来生产四氢噻吩,1.4-二氯乙烷、2.3—二氯四氢呋喃、戊内酯、丁内酯和吡咯烷酮…     

活性炭/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及吸附性能研究

分别以盐酸、醋酸和十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂,制备聚苯胺活性炭复合材料,用于对废水中有机污染物苯酚进行选择性吸附。结果表明,盐酸、醋酸和十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂都能制得聚苯胺活性炭复合材料,其中醋酸掺杂的活性炭/聚苯胺材料吸附性能最好,对苯酚的吸附效率可达94.7%。     

活性炭/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及吸附性能研究

分别以盐酸、醋酸和十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂,制备聚苯胺活性炭复合材料,用于对废水中有机污染物苯酚进行选择性吸附。结果表明,盐酸、醋酸和十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂都能制得聚苯胺活性炭复合材料,其中醋酸掺杂的活性炭/聚苯胺材料吸附性能最好,对苯酚的吸附效率可达94.7%。     

Preparation and performance of PANI–PVA composite film doped with HCl

The polyaniline (PANI)–poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film doped with HCl was prepared by adopting PVA as matrix. Effects of PVA content and film drying temperature on properties of HCl–PANI–PVA composite film were studied. A comparison was made for tensile strength, elasticity, conductivity and thermal stability of PVA, HCl–PANI or HCl–PANI–PVA. PVA film presented the highest tensile strength and elasticity (150.8?MPa and 300.0%), but its conductivity was the lowest. The conductivity of HCl–PANI–PVA was the highest (1500?S?m^?1), and tensile strength and elasticity of HCl–PANI–PVA were higher than those of HCl–PANI. The order of their thermal stability is PVA?>?HCl–PANI?>?HCl–PANI–PVA before 260°C, and the order of their thermal stability is HCl–PANI?>?HCl–PANI–PVA?>?PVA after 260°C. At the same time, the structure and conductive mechanism of composite materials were characterised and analysed through infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Conductive composites from polyaniline and polyurethane sulphonate anionomer

The present work describes the synthesis of conductive composite of polyurethane sulphonate anionomer (PUSA) and para toluene sulphonic acid doped polyaniline (PANI–PTSA). HCl‐doped PANI was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in HCl, which was converted to PANI–EB by treatment with NH₄OH. PTSA doped PANI was synthesized from EB‐PANI by redoping with PTSA solution. PUSA was synthesized from 4, 4′‐diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), polypropylene glycol (PPG), 1,4‐butanediol (BD), and ionic diol SDOL. The composite was prepared by mixing of the solutions of two polymer components in DMF and then solution casting. The products were characterized and analyzed by UV‐Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The conductivity was found to increase by 100 times with concomitant decrease in percolation threshold when polyurethane was replaced by PUSA in the composite for the same amount of polyaniline. The composite film was thermally stable upto ～300°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41600.     

Effect of LiCl as an additive in the polymerization reaction of aniline and its influence on the structural and electrical property of polyaniline

Doped polyaniline (PANI) is synthesized in aqueous HCl medium by ammonium persulphate (APS) as oxidant. We used LiCl during in situ polymerization of aniline to explore any improvement of electrical properties of PANI due to Li⁺ and HCl incorporation. We varied the HCl and LiCl molarity in the polymerization medium keeping the total Cl⁻ concentration constant. The level of Li⁺ loading was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy of doped PANI. The PANI was characterized by FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD analysis, intrinsic viscosity measurement and optical microscopy. The conductivity of doped PANI was measured by four probe method. Hall effect measurement was also done to measure the resistivity and the charge carrier density of the doped polyaniline.     

二次掺杂聚苯胺的PAN复合纤维抗静电性能研究

将苯胺与聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维接枝聚合,第一次采用5-磺基水杨酸(SSA)掺杂制得PAN/聚苯胺(PANI)复合纤维,再以盐酸(HCl)第二次掺杂制得PAN/PANI复合纤维;研究了第二次掺杂的反应条件及PAN/PANI复合纤维的抗静电性能。结果表明:红外光谱分析证明了PAN/PANI复合纤维中有PANI存在;HCl第二次掺杂最佳条件为HCl浓度2 mol/L,反应温度0℃,反应时间6 h,PAN/PANI复合纤维的比电阻约2 kΩ.cm;第二次用HCl掺杂的复合纤维的抗静电性能比第一次用SSA掺杂的抗静电性能更好。     

掺杂聚苯胺的合成及电磁性能和吸波性能研究

将苯胺分别加入到盐酸(HCl)、硫酸(H2SO4)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)/HCl共混物的溶液中,合成3种掺杂形式的聚苯胺(PANI),依次为PANI-HCl、PANI-H2SO4和PANI-(LAS-HCl),对3种样品的电磁性能和吸波性能进行测试。结果表明:3种掺杂PANI对微波的吸收性能受介电常数影响较大,而磁化度和在外磁场的作用下引起的磁损耗很小;在8.20~12.50GHz频段范围内,PANI-(LAS-HCl)的吸收值大于13.44dB,最大吸收值为30.349dB。     

Enhanced microwave absorbing properties of lightweight films based on polyaniline/aliphatic polyurethane composites in X band

Polymer blends based on nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) doped with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and para‐toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) introduced into aliphatic polyurethane matrix (PU) are synthesized to produce flexible thin composite films for microwave absorbers. The effects of dopant type, PANI content and film thickness on morphologies, dielectric and microwave absorption properties in the X‐band are studied. It reveals that real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity are proportional to filler concentrations and type of doped PANI. The PANI‐PTSA/PU films show higher permittivity and better microwave absorbing properties than PANI‐HCl/PU for the same weight fraction of PANI. The minimum reflection loss RL_(dB) values for the PANI‐PTSA/PU are ?37 dB at (20% PANI and 11.6 GHz) and ?30 dB at (15% PANI and 11.3 GHz) for thicknesses of 1.2 and 1.6 mm, respectively. These high values of reflection losses make the obtained lightweight and flexible composites promising radar absorbing materials (RAM). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40961.     

Preparation of PANI–PVA composite film with good conductivity and strong mechanical property

The polyaniline (PANI)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) conductive composite films [doped with hydrochloride (HCl), dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid and amino sulphonic acid (NH₂SO₃H) aqueous solution] were synthesised by ‘in situ’ polymerisation, and their conductivities were compared. Among these composite films, HCl–PANI–PVA composite film possessed the highest conductivity that reached 1360?S·m^??1 [w_(PVA)?=?40%]. Meanwhile, the effects of PVA content, HCl concentration, oxidant ammonium persulphate (APS) dosage, reaction time and film drying temperature on tensile strength of the HCl–PANI–PVA composite films were studied. The tensile strength of the film was improved greatly due to effective mixture of PANI and PVA. When the PVA content was 40%, C_(HCl)?=?1.0?mol·L^??1, reaction time was 4.0?h, n_(APS)/n_(aniline)?=?1.0 and film drying temperature was 80°C, and the tensile strength of the HCl–PANI–PVA composite film reached the maximum of 60.8?MPa. At the same time, the structure of composite materials was characterised and analysed through ultraviolet spectrum and SEM.     

Electrically conductive nanocomposites of polyaniline with poly(vinyl alcohol) and methylcellulose

Electrically conductive nanocomposites of HCl‐doped polyaniline (PANI–HCl) nanocolloid particles with water‐soluble and film‐forming polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and methylcellulose (MC) were prepared by the redispersion of preformed MC‐coated submicrometric PANI–HCl particles in PVA and MC solutions under sonication for 1 h and the casting of the films from the dispersions followed by drying. The submicrometric polyaniline (PANI) particles were prepared by the oxidative dispersion polymerization of aniline in an acidic (1.25M HCl) aqueous ethanol (30 : 70) medium with MC as a steric stabilizer. The particles contained 4.7 wt % MC and had a conductivity of 7.4 S/cm. They had an oblong shape of 203 nm (length) and 137 nm (breadth). Sonication broke the oblong‐shaped particles to sizes of ～10 nm in the PVA matrix and ～60 nm in the MC matrix. The electrical conductivity of these films was measured, and the percolation threshold was determined. The composites had the characteristics of a low percolation threshold at a volume fraction of PANI of 2.5 × 10^?2 in the PVA matrix and at a volume fraction of 3.7 × 10^?2 in the MC matrix. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Fabrication and properties of solution‐cast polyaniline/carboxymethylchitin blend films

Blend films consisting of polyaniline in emeraldine base form (PANI EB) dispersed in partially cross‐linked carboxymethylchitin (CM‐chitin) were prepared by solution casting, and characterized for their physical, thermal, and electrical properties. Homogeneous and mechanically robust blend films were obtained having PANI EB contents up to 50 wt % in the CM‐chitin matrix. FTIR spectra confirm intimate mixing of the two blend components. The thermal stability of the blend films increased with increase of PANI EB content, suggesting the formation of an intermolecular interaction, such as hydrogen bonding, between PANI EB and CM‐chitin chains. The addition of PANI EB into the pure CM‐chitin film resulted in a decrease in electrical conductivity of the films owing to disruption of ionic conduction of the CM‐chitin structure. After doping the blend films by immersion in HCl solution, the electrical conductivity of the HCl‐doped films increased with increase of the PANI EB content to a maximum value of the order of 10^?3 S/cm at 50 wt % PANI EB content. The electrical conductivity of the blend films was also dependent on the HCl concentration as well as on the type of acid dopant. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010