扬子石化提出用加氢裂化液化气作裂解原料

中国石化扬子石化研究院完成了“液化气用作乙烯原料”项目研究，提出了合理化建议。经预测，加氢裂化装置液化气用作裂解原料经济效益十分可观，和目前扬子石化石脑油原料相比，生产1t乙烯，液化气产生的经济效益要比石脑油高出约800元人民币，按年耗液化气220kt计，用液化气生产乙烯每年将比石脑油多创效益5000多万元人民币。     

加氢裂化尾油用作生产乙烯原料的探讨

近年来,世界乙烯工业发展很快,为扩大乙烯原料的来源,国内外针对加氢裂化尾油用做生产乙烯的原料问题进行了大量的研究应用工作。国外的加氢裂化尾油裂解技术日趋成熟;国内同类企业长期的实践也证明了加氢裂化尾油是生产乙烯的优质原料。     

炼厂气作为裂解原料的技术经济分析

综述了单组分轻质烷烃的裂解性能、炼厂干气和液化气净化、分离技术及在国内石油化工企业的利用情况。针对炼厂实际干气和液化气组成,分析了干气、各类液化气经处理、加工后作为裂解原料的优劣。分析认为,干气经过净化、分离后得到的C2烷烯烃是理想的乙烯低成本生产原料;加氢裂化、重整液化气含有大量丙烷,剩余C4中含有一定数量的正丁烷,但这些物料中不同程度地含有异丁烷,导致乙烯、丁二烯烃收率下降,因此在实际生产中应根据企业裂解原料的自给情况,结合液化气、石脑油以及烯烃的价格变化及时进行测算再确定利用方案;从组成看,焦化液化气含有大量的丙烷、丙烯,而异丁烷少,是潜在的优质烯烃原料,应加强利用。     

四川石化裂解原料优化方案的研究

中国石油四川石化公司800 kt/a乙烯装置依托10 000 kt/a炼油项目而建,采用美国SW公司专利技术。充分利用炼化一体化企业内部原料互供的优势,通过裂解一次加工产生的石脑油、拔头油等,以及二次加工产生的重整精制油、加氢裂化石脑油、液化气等,生产乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯等主要化工产品。原设计进料有加氢裂化尾油、轻重石脑油及轻烃。因炼油负荷及原油的变化,造成作为乙烯装置主要原料的石脑油品质变差,严重影响装置乙烯收率。从加工效益上看,评价及优化裂解原料,对装置提高产品收率具有重要意义。     

液化气有望作为乙烯原料

扬子石化研究院日前完成了“液化气用作乙烯原料”项目的研究，提出了合理化建议。该建议提供了优化的裂解条件，为生产及操作提供理论依据和指导，对拓展扬子石化乙烯原料来源，开展液化气化工利用，提高乙烯生产效益具有直接意义。     

MHC尾油的工业试验

乙烯原料的多样化、灵活性,是当前乙烯工业发展的主要趋势之一。为解决乙烯原料来源不足的矛盾,乙烯裂解原料组分重质化势在必行。因此,近几年,国内在MHC(缓和加氢裂化)技术开发上进行了大量研究。 1986年,抚顺石油化工研究院根据国家     

加氢裂化尾油在倒梯台裂解炉上的工业应用

随着中国石化上海石油化工股份有限公司炼化部2号乙烯装置的改扩建项目投产,乙烯裂解原料的缺口也将相应增大。为满足企业生产物料平衡的需求,拓宽并优化1号乙烯装置裂解原料,在1号乙烯装置F-101倒梯台裂解炉上进行加工加氢裂化尾油的试验。由于加氢裂化尾油组分重、干点高,加工试验的主要目的是验证加氢裂化尾油在1号乙烯装置倒梯台炉上裂解的可行性,包括加氢裂化尾油裂解性能,裂解炉运行周期。     

扬子石化利用芳烃尾气提高乙烯收率

扬子石化公司继芳烃液化气成为乙烯装置的裂解原料后,日前,又成功将芳烃厂尾气引入乙烯装置作为裂解原料。目前乙烯装置接受芳烃尾气为300t／d以上,有效推进了裂解原料的轻质化,进一步提高了乙烯收率。     

炼厂加氢液化气作裂解原料的分析与评价

为应对石脑油的价格上涨，拓展乙烯原料，时炼厂加氢液化气在裂解炉内裂解进行了试验。通过在线与离线数据收集，分析了加氢液化气作裂解原料对收率、产量和能耗的影响，并做了综合经济效益评价，提出了加氢液化气作裂解原料的使用条件。     

加氢裂化尾油做蒸汽裂解工艺原料的研究和工业实践

加氢裂化工艺副产的加氢裂化尾油具有较高的链烷烃含量和低芳烃含量的特点,多年来的研究工作和工业应用结果表明加氢裂化尾油是优质的裂解原料.进一步研究表明,加氢裂化尾油的原料性质主要是由加氢裂化工艺条件决定;加氢裂化尾油的裂解性能和结焦特性主要是由原料性质决定的,同样裂解操作条件也非常重要.因此,制定蒸汽裂解制乙烯工艺专用的加氢裂化尾油原料标准的工作越来越迫切.     

中低温煤焦油全馏分加氢改质技术研究

以中低温煤焦油全馏分为原料,采用加氢精制-加氢裂化两段串联工艺在中试装置上开展加氢改质实验,结果表明,石脑油产品可作为优质的催化重整预加氢原料,柴油产品可用来生产优质低凝点国Ⅴ柴油,尾油馏分可作为优质的加氢裂化原料、催化裂化原料或乙烯裂解原料。中低温煤焦油全馏分加氢改质技术可以最大限度地提高轻油收率,具有技术合理可行、液体收率高、产品质量好等特点,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Effect of heating rate on pyrolysis of low-grade pyrolytic oil

The low-grade pyrolytic oil produced from pyrolysis of municipal plastic waste in a commercial rotary kiln reaction system cannot be an acceptable fuel oil due to its low quality. Thus, the degradation of pyrolytic oil was conducted in a bench scale batch reactor, which was done by two experiment conditions of high heating rate (about 7 °C/min) and low heating rate (1.5–3.6 °C/min) up to 420 °C of reaction temperature. The characteristics of raw pyrolytic oil were examined and also the characteristics of products obtained by different heating rates were compared. Raw pyrolytic oil had higher H/C ratio and higher heating value than commercial oils, and also its peak range in GC analysis showed wide distribution including all the range of gasoline, kerosene and diesel. In the upgrading of pyrolytic oil, cumulative amount profile of product oil, as a function of reaction time, was similar in shape to the degradation temperature profile. All product oils obtained by different degradation temperature had higher H/C ratio and slightly higher heating value than those of raw pyrolytic oil. Also, the characteristics of product oils were influenced by heating rate and reaction temperature.     

Liquefaction of cellulosic wastes: III. Production,characterization and evaluation of pyrolytic oils

Liquefaction of municipal solid wastes has been achieved in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas and in the presence of boric acid which catalyzes the pyrolysis reaction. Two petroleum distillates, namely gas oil and residual fuel oil, were used as carrier media of solid refuse. The yield of pyrolytic oil was studied as a function of different operational conditions (temperature, pressure of hydrogen, carrier oil medium and concentration of boric acid). Hydrocarbon constituents of the oil mixtures, produced by liquefaction of cellulosic wastes slurried in fuel oil, were investigated by means of gas chromatography. It was found that the oil mixture, obtained at optimum reaction conditions, showed pronounced occurrence of low hydrocarbons in the range C₃-C₁₅ as compared with the original fuel oil and the oil resulting from the pyrolysis of carrier oil without solid refuse. The residual pyrolytic char exhibited catalytic activity towards hydrocracking. It was suggested that the activity of char is due to the presence of transition metals as evidenced by an electron dispersion system (EDS). The hydrocracking activity of char seemed to be dependent on the operational conditions of the liquefaction. Multiple analytical parameters including API gravity, calorific value, total acid number and wt% of residue over 450°C were used to evaluate the oil mixtures produced as a petroleum crude oil. Carrier oils, particularly fuel oil, seemed to be highly modified in the course of the pyrolysis process. Also, the oil mixtures produced were distinguished from the original carrier oils by a considerably higher acidity due to association with oxygenated compounds which could be derived from cellulose macromolecules.     

10万t/a高温煤焦油加氢装置的技术标定

以黑龙江省七台河宝泰隆煤化工股份有限公司10万t/a炼焦油轻质化项目为例,介绍了高温煤焦油加氢工艺。在高温煤焦油加氢生产燃料油的过程中,为得到高燃料油收率,采用了加氢精制和加氢裂化相结合的工艺。主要对本套煤焦油加氢装置进行了操作条件和物料分析的技术标定总结,并进行技术分析,提出了合理化建议,以对今后的生产操作提供依据,保证装置的连续稳定运行。     

掺炼脱沥青油加氢裂化工艺研究

选用适宜的加氢裂化技术和加氢裂化级配催化剂,可以实现加氢裂化掺炼部分脱沥青油原料的目的。相应的需要提高反应温度,以补偿因掺炼脱沥青油而增加的原料油加工难度,其中精制段所受到的影响要明显大于裂化段,当DAO掺炼比例20％时,加氢裂化装置操作条件仍然比较缓和,加氢裂化产品分布和主要产品性质基本没有受到明显影响,可将性质较差的脱沥青油转化为对环境友好的清洁燃料和优质的化工原料。     

焦化蜡油脱碱氮技术研究进展

我国焦化蜡油具有碱性氮化物含量高的显著特点,作为催化裂化、加氢裂化的掺兑原料时,极易造成催化剂中毒,对装置的正常运行与产品分布造成不利影响。本文介绍了我国焦化蜡油的主要性质以及所含碱性氮化物对催化剂的作用机理,并对焦化蜡油加氢精制、酸处理脱氮、溶剂精制、吸附精制、络合精制等脱碱氮技术进行了综述。     

加氢裂化装置掺炼催化重柴油可行性分析

A公司1.2万t/a加氢裂化装置自首次开车以来平稳安全运行至今。为提高经济效益、合理利用石油资源,在加氢裂化装置原料中掺炼催化重柴油。针对掺炼催化裂化重柴油对加氢裂化装置的影响深入分析,对反应系统的调整、产品质量及产品分布进行了分析,对系统压降影响和混入高干点原料的问题提出了解决措施及建议。     

260万t/a两段加氢裂化装置催化剂硫化过程与分析

该蜡油加氢裂化装置引进美国UOP公司加氢裂化专利技术。催化剂采用UOP公司开发的KF-848加氢精制剂和HC-115LT加氢裂化催化剂,设计原料为科威特减压蜡油,经过加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮、以及加氢裂化等反应,生产优质的轻石脑油、重石脑油、航煤、柴油和加氢尾油。该装置于2014年6月建成,7月31日进行催化剂预硫化,硫化期间由于循环氢加热炉进料流量孔板仪表引出线焊缝多次出现裂纹泄漏,被迫中断三次,至8月20日12:00完成硫化。     

Ni-W/SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3柴油加氢转化催化剂研究

采用SSY型分子筛、不同硅铝比Beta分子筛与大孔氢氧化铝干胶混捏制备SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3载体,等体积浸渍法制备Ni-W/SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3加氢转化催化剂,采用BET、Py-IR、XRD、NH_3-TPD对制备的催化剂及载体进行表征。在100 mL固定床加氢装置上,工业Ni-Mo型柴油加氢精制催化剂与Ni-W/SSY-Beta-Al_2O_3加氢转化催化剂级配装填,以劣质催化裂化柴油为原料,对加氢转化催化剂进行活性评价。结果表明,随着Beta分子筛硅铝比的增加,催化剂表面的L酸中心先减少后增多,B酸中心先增加后减少,催化剂的弱酸酸量先增多后减少,中强酸与强酸酸量变化不明显。在氢油体积比700∶1、反应压力8.0 MPa、精制段反应温度360℃,体积空速1.25 h^(-1),转化段反应温度400℃,体积空速1.35 h^(-1)的条件下,CYB-3催化剂加氢转化产品液相收率高达97.73%,汽油馏分收率63.72%,辛烷值91.66,柴油馏分收率33.69%,十六烷值比原料提高8.96,凝点小于-35℃。     

Continuous thermal degradation of pyrolytic oil in a bench scale CSTR reaction system

Continuous thermal degradation of two pyrolytic oils with low (LPO) and high boiling point distribution (HPO) was conducted in a constant stirrer tank reactor (CSTR) with bench scale. Raw pyrolytic oil as a reactant was obtained from the commercial rotary kiln pyrolysis plant for municipal plastic waste. The degradation experiment was conducted by temperature programming with 10 °C/min of heating rate up to 450 °C and then maintained with long lapse time at 450 °C. Liquid product was sampled at initial reaction time with different degradation temperatures up to 450 °C and then constant interval lapse time at 450 °C. The product characteristics over two pyrolytic oils were compared by using a continuous reaction system. As a reactant, heavy pyrolytic oil (HPO) showed higher boiling point distribution than that of diesel and also light pyrolytic oil (LPO) was mainly consisting of a mixture of gasoline and kerosene range components. In the continuous reaction, LPO showed higher yield of liquid product and lower residue than those of HPO. The characteristics of liquid products were influenced by the type of raw pyrolytic oil. Also, the result obtained under degradation temperature programming was described.