壳聚糖-分子筛复合物选择性吸附卷烟烟气中挥发性羰基化合物的应用研究

制备了壳聚糖-分子筛复合物,并使用扫描电镜观测了复合物的微观形态.研究了分别添加壳聚糖-分子筛复合物、4A分子筛及壳聚糖等材料的卷烟复合滤咀对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物的吸附效果.研究结果表明,添加了壳聚糖-分子筛复合物、4A分子筛及壳聚糖的卷烟滤咀对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物均有较好的吸附作用.且对焦油、烟碱量无明显影响;壳聚糖-分子筛复合物(添加量为2.4 mg·mm-1)对主流烟气中醛酮类化合物的吸附能力优于其它2种材料,该复合物对一氧化碳有一定的吸附,且对抽吸品质有改善,口感柔和,烟气刺激性降低.     

海泡石与壳聚糖吸附卷烟主流烟气中低分子醛酮的对比应用研究

比较了分别添加海泡石和壳聚糖的卷烟复合滤咀对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物和其它有害物质(如焦油、一氧化碳等)的吸附效果。研究结果表明:海泡石和壳聚糖对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物均有较好的吸附作用;壳聚糖对主流烟气中醛酮类化合物的吸附能力优于海泡石,且对焦油、烟碱无明显影响,具有选择性吸附效果,其抽吸品质有所改善,口感柔和,烟气刺激性降低。     

掺镧介孔纳米球降低烟气中低分子醛酮类物质的研究

改进传统的合成六方介孔材料的工艺,合成具有双纳米效应的掺镧介孔纳米球,以此作为卷烟添加剂,研究了其对红塔山经典1956卷烟主流烟气中含有的低分子醛酮化合物的吸附行为.结果表明在过滤嘴中加入了添加剂的烟样中8种低分子醛酮的含量明显低于没有加入添加剂的烟样,且测定结果的相对偏差小于0.3％.其中,甲醛的含量由186.0721μg/支减少到103.698μg/支,说明该掺镧介孔纳米球添加剂对甲醛的吸附具有较好的选择性.     

两种炭质吸附剂在去除卷烟烟气挥发性羰基化合物中的应用

研究了分别添加活性炭、竹炭卷烟复合滤咀对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物和其它有害物质(如焦油、一氧化碳等)的吸附效果。结果表明,两种吸附材料对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物均有较好的吸附作用,活性炭的吸附能力优于竹炭,对抽吸品质有所改善,口感柔和,刺激性气味降低。     

活性炭部分指标对烟气中低分子醛酮类物质含量的影响

将添加不同pH值、比表面积和水分含量活性炭的复合滤嘴卷烟在标准条件下进行抽吸,利用2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液收集主流烟气,高效液相色谱法分析卷烟主流烟气中低分子醛酮类物质含量,研究了pH值、比表面积和水分含量对活性炭吸附作用的影响。结果表明,活性炭pH值由5~7增加到7~9、比表面积由800 m2/g增加到1 200 m2/g时,低分子醛酮类物质总量分别下降13.0%,20.9%;水分含量由6%增加到10%时,低分子醛酮类物质总量分别为685.59,685.88μg/支。pH值和比表面积是影响活性炭对低分子醛酮类物质吸附作用的重要因素。     

分子筛吸附甲基丙烯酸甲酯中微量水分的研究

研究了3A，4A，5A和13X4种型号分子筛对甲基丙烯酸甲酯中微量水分的静态吸附的动力学性能，做出了4种型号分子筛的吸附动力学曲线；对其结果进行了分析讨论。并进一步研究了13X型分子筛的吸附温度和吸附剂用量对其饱和吸附量的影响。结果表明，13X型分子筛的吸附效果优于3A，4A和5A型分子筛；其在25℃时吸附效果最好，饱和吸附量最大，吸附速率也最快，分子筛的最佳用量为0．4g／mL。FTIR证明13X分子筛同时还吸附了一定量的对苯二酚。     

13X分子筛静态脱除含硫模型化合物的吸附研究

采用噻吩/正己烷配制出含硫模型化合物,以13X分子筛为吸附剂,在常压条件下,用静态吸附法评测了吸附时间、吸附温度、含硫模型化合物浓度等吸附条件对吸附剂脱硫性能的影响。实验结果表明:13X型分子筛在6 h时吸附基本达到饱和,并对其吸附动力学、热力学及吸附等温曲线的研究,发现此吸附反应为放热反应,并求出吸附焓变及熵变,确定吸附反应为二级反应。     

β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的吸附研究

研究了β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中几类有害成分的吸附能力,以及吸附效果与吸附质物性的关系。将β-环糊精添加于卷烟滤嘴中,使用行业标准和文献方法对卷烟主流烟气中的有害成分进行检测,结果表明:β-环糊精对主流烟气中的酚类、多环芳烃和喹啉有较好的吸附效果,添加量为30 mg时,平均吸附率分别为58. 11%、35. 83%和61. 34%。对于挥发及半挥发性有机化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的正相关,对于酚类和多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的负相关,对于多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质分子半径呈较强的负相关。     

几种分子筛对甲醛气体吸附性能的研究

对3A,5A,13X,MCM-41型4种分子筛进行了甲醛分子静态吸附实验,发现5A和13X分子筛静态吸附平衡时吸附量接近.用低温氮气吸附法测定了各样品的BET-比表面积和吸附脱附等温曲线,用密度函数理论法计算各样品的孔容孔径分布.重点探究比表面积,孔径,阳离子,骨架结构对5A和13X分子筛甲醛吸附性能的影响,结果证明阳离子和骨架结构对5A和13X分子筛吸附甲醛的性能有重大影响.活化再生后,两种分子筛的吸附性能具有良好的重现性.     

沸石分子筛吸附性能及其在烟气减害中的应用研究

为研究开发烟气减害新型材料,合成了高硅型Y型沸石分子筛颗粒和ZSM-5型沸石分子筛颗粒,对材料物化性质进行了表征,并将其分别添加至三元复合滤棒卷制卷烟,进行烟气减害性能评价及感官质量评价。结果表明:合成的两种分子筛颗粒满足滤棒生产上机适用性需求,卷烟试验样与对照样相比,烟气三项指标烟碱、焦油量及一氧化碳量基本不变;Y型分子筛颗粒对烟气七项有害成分中的HCN、巴豆醛的降低率分别为10.2%和7.1%,ZSM-5型沸石分子筛颗粒对烟气七项有害成分中HCN、巴豆醛、B[a]P的降低率分别为20.1%,10.6%和14.4%,烟气评价指数降低0.5。两种分子筛颗粒对卷烟感官质量影响不大。     

Environmental tobacco smoke removal capability of activated carbon

Removal of gaseous and vapor constituents of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by activated carbons in a packed bed arrangement was studied under dynamic conditions and was compared with that by silica gel and molecular sieve 13X. ETS is a mixture of sidestream smoke and exhaled mainstream smoke, and it consists of various organic and inorganic compounds, trace heavy metals, and particulate matters. Due to the complex nature of ETS-air mixture, its removal from indoors is a challenging task. For experimentation in a laboratory, the ETS was produced from a specially designed smoking apparatus that simulated the puffng of a cigarette by a person. Air containing ETS was passed through a bed containing about 25 grams of activated carbon at room temperature. The flow rate of air-ETS mixture through the bed was 4000 cm3/min. The relative humidity of the air was 50% and contained about 35 to 40 ppm of hydrocarbons as measured as methane-equivalent. The number of particles in the inlet air stream were in the range of 30,000 to 35,000 particles/cm3. About 60% of hydrocarbons present in ETS were removed at these operating conditions for a period of about 70 hours. Based on 15 adsorption and regeneration cycles, it was noted that the carbon bed did not loose its capacity for ETS significantly as indicated by the BET surface area and water adsorption data. At the beginning of an adsorption cycle, the carbon bed captured a significant number of particles. However, the bed rapidly lost its particle capture effciency as the experiment progressed. The number of particles in the outlet air stream was found to be the same as that of the inlet stream within five minutes.     

ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE REMOVAL CAPABILITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON

Removal of gaseous and vapor constituents of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by activated carbons in a packed bed arrangement was studied under dynamic conditions and was compared with that by silica gel and molecular sieve 13X. ETS is a mixture of sidestream smoke and exhaled mainstream smoke, and it consists of various organic and inorganic compounds, trace heavy metals, and particulate matters. Due to the complex nature of ETS-air mixture, its removal from indoors is a challenging task. For experimentation in a laboratory, the ETS was produced from a specially designed smoking apparatus that simulated the puffng of a cigarette by a person. Air containing ETS was passed through a bed containing about 25 grams of activated carbon at room temperature. The flow rate of air-ETS mixture through the bed was 4000 cm3/min. The relative humidity of the air was 50% and contained about 35 to 40 ppm of hydrocarbons as measured as methane-equivalent. The number of particles in the inlet air stream were in the range of 30,000 to 35,000 particles/cm3. About 60% of hydrocarbons present in ETS were removed at these operating conditions for a period of about 70 hours. Based on 15 adsorption and regeneration cycles, it was noted that the carbon bed did not loose its capacity for ETS significantly as indicated by the BET surface area and water adsorption data. At the beginning of an adsorption cycle, the carbon bed captured a significant number of particles. However, the bed rapidly lost its particle capture effciency as the experiment progressed. The number of particles in the outlet air stream was found to be the same as that of the inlet stream within five minutes.     

基于吸附法的氨气试验处理研究

针对室内检测中氨气给人体带来的危害,提出一种基于沸石分子筛改性的室内氨气吸附处理方法。为验证沸石分子筛改性的可行性,利用氨气与金属氯化物容易形成络化物的原理,对13X沸石分子筛进行改性,得到经氯化铜和氯化镍改性后的吸附效果更佳;以改性后的13X沸石分子筛作为原材料,分析不同吸附颗粒大小、浸渍液浓度、吸附压力等对吸附效果的影响;最后根据上述的实验结果,找到最佳的试验处理方法,以此提升对空气中氨气吸附的效果。     

活性炭吸附剂的制备及其在选择性降低卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的应用

采用浸渍法制备低成本活性炭负载过渡金属吸附剂,通过考察活性金属种类和含量、溶剂、活性炭载体种类和颗粒大小等对吸附剂吸附氰化氢性能的影响,优化得到以Cu为活性组分的吸附剂,当Cu质量分数4%时,将制备的吸附剂以二元复合形式添加到卷烟滤嘴中制成中试试样烟,测试发现,与对照成品卷烟相比,试样烟在保持焦油含量基本不变基础上,主流烟气中氰化氢释放量最高可降低71.7%。制备的吸附剂具有较好的稳定性,室温储藏8个月,吸附剂选择性降低主流烟气中氰化氢的效果与新鲜吸附剂一致。     

荆芥挥发油-β-CD对苯酚的吸附及其在卷烟中的应用

采用饱和水溶液法制备荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物,并用紫外可见分光光度法、X-射线衍射对包合物进行表征。研究了β-CD和荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物吸附溶液中苯酚的性能。此外,还将β-CD以及荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物作为添加剂添加到卷烟滤嘴中,研究其对卷烟主流烟气中苯酚的影响。结果表明,β-CD和荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物吸附溶液中苯酚的动力学模型都是准二级动力学模型。当添加剂用量为30mg时,β-CD以及荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物对卷烟主流烟气中苯酚的降低率分别为74.01%和88.9%。此外,添加剂还可以有效降低卷烟主流烟气中总粒相物的含量。     

磷化氢在改性13X分子筛上的吸附行为

为回收工业废气中的磷化氢(PH3)并资源化,采用浸渍法制备了一种CaCl2改性13X分子筛吸附剂,通过容积法研究了25—70℃PH3气体在改性13X分子筛上的等温吸附行为。结果表明,在实验条件范围内25,40,55,70℃下PH3的饱和吸附量(质量分数)分别为2.528,1.901,1.591,0.925mg/g。Freundlich吸附等温方程很好地模拟了改性13X分子筛对PH3的等温吸附,Langmuir和Henry吸附等温方程对吸附平衡数据的拟合效果不佳表明了改性13X分子筛表面吸附位的不均匀分布。当初始吸附量为0.10mg/g时,等量吸附热值最大,为17.81353kJ/mol,即等量吸附热不超过18kJ/mol,过程为物理吸附,便于PH3气体的解吸。