无卤阻燃剂的研究进展

论述无卤阻燃剂的主要品种和应用,对无卤阻燃剂的研究前沿和阻燃剂市场前景进行了讨论。     

无卤有机阻燃剂的研究进展

从有机磷系--非卤膦酸酯阻燃剂、有机硅系阻燃剂、无卤膨胀型阻燃剂和氮系阻燃剂等方面阐述了无卤有机阻燃剂的阻燃机理与发展概况,对其今后的技术发展和市场前景进行了探讨.     

磷系阻燃剂的合成和应用

介绍了磷系阻燃剂的分类和发展概况，重点论述了一些具有发展前途的磷系阻燃剂典型品种的合成方法和应用。     

磷系阻燃剂的现状和发展

介绍了磷系阻燃剂的主要品种,重点论述了一些具有发展前途的磷系阻燃剂典型品种的合成方法和应用,指出磷系阻燃剂应努力开发高分子量的多功能品种.     

磷系阻燃剂的合成和应用

介绍了磷系阻燃剂的分类和发展概况,重点论述了一些具有发展前途的磷系阻燃剂典型品种的合成方法和应用.     

国外无卤阻燃剂最新研究进展

针对国外电子设备用塑料正倾向于采用无卤阻燃剂的变化,综述了国外近年开发和销售的无卤阻燃剂品种,主要是磷系阻燃剂和无机阻燃剂。前者包括膨胀阻燃系统和新型无卤有机磷化合物,后者包括表面改性氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝、草酸铝、无水硼酸锌及硫化锌。     

聚丙烯无卤阻燃剂研究进展

介绍了金属氢氧化物、磷系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂、有机硅系阻燃剂和纳米阻燃剂等无卤阻燃剂在聚丙烯中的应用情况。指出了研制和开发高效、无毒、无烟、无环境污染、热稳定性好、多功能和新型复合“绿色”阻燃剂,将成为以后聚丙烯无卤阻燃剂的发展趋势。     

无机磷系阻燃剂的开发应用

对磷系阻燃剂的阻燃机理及其与其他化合物的协效机制作了介绍,着重介绍了无机磷系阻燃剂中的红磷和聚磷酸铵,并提供了无机磷系阻燃剂的实用配方和山西省化工研究所的研究成果。     

磷系阻燃剂的发展动向

综述了磷系阻燃剂在阻燃机理及新型磷系阻燃的开发方向的进展。磷系阻燃剂以三种阻燃机理同时参与聚合物的阻燃作用,因此具有很高的阻燃效果。聚合物分子中含氧元素及燃烧是容易炭化的聚合物被阻燃效果最好,磷系阻燃剂与含氮、卤素等其他阻燃元素的复合阻燃剂是磷系阻燃剂发展方向之一。     

聚磷酸铵阻燃聚丙烯的研究

采用聚磷酸铵(APP)对聚丙烯(PP)进行了填充改性,研究了APP对PP阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,还研究了200℃下APP对PP阻燃复合材料的流变行为及结晶性能的影响。结果表明：在PP中加入适量的APP,可改善体系的阻燃性能,同时对材料的力学性能会产生影响,使复合体系的弯曲强度与弯曲模量明显提高,却使断裂伸长率,特别是冲击强度降低;在200℃时,较低剪切速率范围内,APP的加入有利于复合材料流动性能的改善,但在高剪切速率范围内对复合材料的流动性能影响不大;APP在PP中具有成核剂作用,可使PP的结晶过程在较高温度下进行,结晶速率也大大提高,但对PP的结晶度和熔点影响不大。     

Improvement in flame retardancy of polyurethane dispersions by newer reactive flame retardant

A novel phosphorus containing reactive flame retardant was synthesized and incorporated successfully in polyurethane backbone to obtain flame retardant aqueous polyurethane dispersions (FRPUDs). The reactive flame retardant compound was synthesized by using phosphorus oxychloride (1 mole) and N-methylaminoethanol (3 mole). The structure of synthesized phosphorus containing triol was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ³¹P NMR spectrometry. Further, polyurethane prepolymer was modified with phosphorus containing triol compound in various amounts (30, 40 and 50% on equivalent basis) and FRPUDs were prepared. PUD films were applied on wood and mild steel panels and air dried. It was then characterized for mechanical, chemical, thermal and flame retardant properties. It was observed that all FRPUDs exhibited good mechanical properties and improved flame retardancy as compared to the conventional one. The maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 37 was obtained for FRPUD containing 0.8 mass% of phosphorus and 1 mass% of nitrogen. The flame retardancy was greatly depending on the phosphorus content and increased with increase in phosphorus content.     

膨胀型阻燃剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

考察了多聚磷酸铵(APP)、季戊四醇(PT)、三聚氰胺(M)复配而成的膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)的膨胀度、剩碳率、及用该阻燃体系制备的阻燃聚丙烯的阻燃性和热流变行为随各组分变化的规律。结果表明：当m(APP)：m(M)：m(PT)=(1．5～2．5)：(1．0～2．0)：(0．5～1．5)时阻燃性能较好。IFR中各组分对阻燃PP的流变性产生不同影响,M和APP量的增加,会使阻燃PP的粘度增加,而PT用量的增加会使阻燃PP的粘度降低。     

Thermal and UV-curing behavior of phosphate diacrylate used for flame retardant coatings

A novel phosphorus-on-skeleton compound has been synthesized by allowing phosphorus oxychloride to react with 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (PEPA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Its structure was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR). The UV-curing behavior was investigated using FTIR. Results show that the conversion of the unsaturated bond of the monomer exposed to UV light for 100 s is approximately 84%. Flame-retardant effectiveness was estimated from the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermal stability was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The LOI value was 39 and the char yield was 53% at 600 °C. TG data indicate that the material undergoes degradation in three characteristic temperature stages, which may be attributed to the decomposition of the phosphate, thermal pyrolysis of aliphatic chains, and degradation of an unstable structure in char, respectively. These were further characterized by real time Fourier-transform infrared measurement. It is proposed that the flame retardant action results from decomposition of phosphate to form poly(phosphoric acid), which catalyses the breakage of bonds adjacent to carbonyl groups to form an intumescent char, preventing the sample from burning further.     

磷酸蜜胺盐-蒙脱土无卤膨胀阻燃剂的合成及应用

用磷酸与三聚氰胺反应制备了无卤阻燃剂磷酸蜜胺盐（MPP），并将其作为插层剂用以制备磷酸蜜胺盐-蒙脱土（MPM）。用红外光谱对MPP及MPM的结构进行了分析表征，用X射线衍射表征了MPM的层间距。结果表明：MPP是具有氮、磷组分的膨胀型阻燃剂，并成功改变了蒙脱土的层间距，实现了蒙脱土的有机化；在ABS／MPP复合材料中，当MPP：季戊四醇（PER）物质的量比为2．5：1时，复合材料的阻燃级别达到FV-0级，拉伸强度为24．6MPa，熔体质量流动速率为6．72g／10min；固定n（MPP）：n（PER）为2．5：1，加入MPM，ABS／MPP复合材料的力学性能进一步得到改善，拉伸强度上升到32．5MPa，提高了24％，综合性能更佳。     

超细氧化锑阻燃剂的研究进展

综述了氧化锑阻燃剂的超细化、表面处理、复合功能化方面的发展方向和研究热点。     

Preparation and properties of halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins with phosphorus-containing siloxanes

Novel epoxy resin modifiers, DOPO–TMDS and DOPO–DMDP were synthesized by addition reaction of divinylsiloxane with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins were obtained through modification of o-cresol novolac epoxy resin cured by phenol novolac resin using DOPO–TMDS and DOPO–DMDP which were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ³¹P NMR and FT-IR measurements. Effects of the phosphorus-containing siloxanes on thermal stabilities, mechanical properties and flame retardant properties of the epoxy resins were investigated. The cured epoxy resins exhibited better mechanical properties and greatly improved flame retardant properties due to the presence of phosphorus-containing siloxanes. The cured epoxy resins with phosphorus loading of 2.0 wt% showed LOI values of 32–33 and achieved UL94V-0 ratings.     

无卤阻燃剂的研究进展

综述了无机金属化合物阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂及氮系阻燃剂目前的研究发展状况,简要介绍了其有关的阻燃机理、存在的一些问题及相应的解决方法。对一些新的合成方法、新的复配体系及其应用也进行了阐述。     

阻燃剂次膦(磷)酸盐的研究进展

介绍了阻燃剂次膦(磷)酸盐的优点、主要种类、阻燃机理和研究现状。归纳了烷基次膦酸盐和次磷酸盐的合成方法。综述了该类阻燃剂在阻燃聚合物方面的应用效果,并对阻燃机理进行了分析。最后,对次膦(磷)酸盐今后的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

Recent developments in flame retardant polymeric coatings

This paper reviews the recent developments (last decade) in flame retardant polymeric coatings that mostly work by formation of conventional char (condensed phase) and or radical species in gas phase. Advancements in the method of application of such coatings on various substrates, problems of existing flame retardant coatings and new technological developments in terms of flame retardant chemistry are briefly discussed. This review focuses on various approaches in development of flame retardant coatings on various substrates i.e. incorporation of reactive and non-reactive organic compounds and organic/inorganic compounds (hybrid systems) based on metal, Si, P, N and halogens in suitable polymeric matrices and evaluation of their flame retardant characteristics using various analytical techniques.