电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定球墨铸铁中各组分

考察了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）测定球墨铸铁中硅、锰、镍、铜、钒、钛、镁的分析条件并建立了测定方法。样品经酸溶解和氢氧化还原后，干过滤，用ICP—AES法测定滤液中上述组分含量，其测定值与湿法的测定值相符，测定结果相对标准偏差≤3．0％。     

微波消解/等离子发射光谱法测定金乡大蒜中多种元素含量

采用微波消解／等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）同时测定了金乡大蒜中16种常量及微量元素的含量．并对样品的前处理条件进行了探讨,通过添加标准回收实验．验证了分析数据的可靠性。结果表明．该方法快速、简便、数据准确可靠。     

雪里蕻微量元素含量的测定

用高压罐硝化法，以正交试验原理处理样品，利用ICP—AES法测定雪里蕻茎、叶中Mg、Zn、Fe、Ca、Se、K、Cu、Co、P、Mn共10种微量元素的含量。方法回收率在96．00％～103．25％之间，相对标准偏差小于1．66％。ICP—AES法具有灵敏度高、方便、快速等优点，且同时测定多种元素，更适合雪里蕻中非金属与金属元素的分析测定。实验证明，雪里蕻中含有Mg、Zn、Fe、Ca、Se等大量对人体有益的微量元素。同时比较了雪里蕻的茎及其叶中微量元素含量，为雪里蕻的开发提供理论参考。     

原子吸收和发射光谱法测定中草药铅、铜、镉、铬含量

采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法（GFAAS）与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP—AES）,在优化实验条件下测定了25种中药材中重金属Ph、Cu、Cd、Cr的含量。结果表明用GFAAS测定,Ph、Cd、Cu、Cr方法检出限分别为0．80、0．08、0．96、1．36ng·mL^-1;用ICP—AES法测定,方法检出限分别为9．58（Pb）、3．26（Cd）3．57（Cu）、13．80（Cr）ng·mL^-1。两种测定方法结果基本一致,GFAAS法测定灵敏度高,ICP—AES法可实现多元素同时测定,两种方法都可用于中药材中这4种重金属含量的测定。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法同时测定催化剂中的金属元素

用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP—AES），对催化剂中的金属含量进行了测定。研究了微波消解对催化剂的溶样方法，进行了微波消解消化条件的选择，确定了ICP—AES的操作条件和适宜的实验条件。对催化剂中四种元素考察了准确度和精密度，该方法简便、快速、准确，大大提高工作效率，完全能够满足分析要求。     

ICP-AES法测混凝土外加剂中碱含量的研究

研究了微波消解样品,试液用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP—AES)法测定混凝土外加剂中碱含量的新方法。对影响其光谱测量的各种因素进行了较为详细的研究,确定了实验的最佳测定条件,结果表明,钾和钠的检出限分别为0.855μg/mL和0.012μg/mL,回收率为92.0%~103.8%,RSD为0.87%~2.29%。该法准确、快速、简便,应用于混凝土外加剂中碱含量的测定,结果满意。     

涂料中铅、铬、硒和钴含量的测定

建立了微波消解–电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱检测技术(ICP–AES)和粉末压片–波长色散X射线荧光光谱检测技术(WDXRF)测定涂料中Pb、Cr、Se和Co含量的方法。测试结果表明,WDXRF和ICP–AES两种方法均可应用于涂料中Pb、Cr、Se和Co含量的测定。两种方法中,Pb、Cr、Se和Co检出限分别为3.6、1.2、0.5、1.5 mg/kg及0.08、0.004、0.057、0.002 mg/kg,回收率分别在91.5%~106.6%和90.7%~110.5%之间,相对标准偏差分别为1.2%~4.6%和1.6%~5.7%。与ICP–AES检测技术相比,WDXRF更简单、快速和环保,适合于涂料样品的批量检测。     

用Faraday定律计算电解法溶解锡的质量

根据恒流电解原理和阴离子交换膜能防止阳离子透过的特性 ,建立了用电解法溶解锡样品的方法。通过选择合适的电解质和电解电流使电流效率为 1 0 0 % ,利用 Faraday定律 m=k It计算样品的溶解量。经计算 ,锡的电化摩尔质量 k=2 .2 1 4± 0 .0 0 1 g/( A· h)。当 0 .1和 0 .5 mol/LH2 SO4分别作阳极室和阴极室电解质、通 1 5 0 m A电流电解 0 .5 h时 ,称量阳极法得到样品的溶解量是 0 .1 663g,与理论计算值 0 .1 661 g一致     

芦荟中微量元素的分析

采用湿法消化的方法处理样品,利用ICP—AES法测定3种芦荟中Fe、Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn 7种微量元素的含量,各元素加标回收率均在95%～105%,精密度均〈5%。此方法具有操作方便、灵敏度高、准确度好、抗干扰能力强、能够多种元素同时测定等优点。     

钾元素在烟叶中的分布特性研究

运用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP—AES）法,测定国内和部分进口烟叶中无机元素钾含量,进行了统计分析,得出了烟叶钾含量随地区差异,部位差异和年份差异钾含量的规律。     

不锈钢电解着色工艺及电化学性能

对１Ｃｒ１７铁素体不锈钢电解着黑色工艺和膜层的电化学性能进行探讨。本工艺具有发黑速度快,色泽均匀,较好的抗蚀性能。电解着色不锈钢表面形成铬的复合氧化膜,增强了钝性,使得自然电位和阳极极化电位正移,提高了膜层的电化学稳定性能。     

磷酸在不锈钢表面处理中的应用

介绍了磷酸在不锈钢抛光、化学着色、蚀刻、电解除氧化皮、磷化、钝化及表面清洗中的应用。     

不锈钢椭圆封头电解抛光技术研究

阐述了不锈钢封头电解抛光的原理和工艺过程,分析讨论了电解抛光工艺参数的选择、电场分布、辅助阴极设计和抛光效果评价等问题。     

使用钛涂钌电极作为阳极电解法制备次磷酸的研究

研究了以钛涂钌电极作为阳极,不锈钢作为阴极,采用四室电渗析槽电解法制备次磷酸的最佳工艺条件(如电解电流、电解时间、原料室次磷酸钠浓度等)。测量了电解过程中钛涂钌电极的阳极电位。结果显示钛涂钌电极在硫酸介质中,具有高的电催化活性和低的析氧电位,是非常省电的阳极材料,在最佳条件下制得的产品纯度高,各项指标都达到了分析纯的标准。该方法没有废物产生,不污染环境,符合清洁生产。     

超纯铁素体不锈钢中含Ti和Nb夹杂物的非水电解分离及其在钢中的析出行为分析

采用非水溶液电解法提取了Ti, Nb稳定化超纯铁素体不锈钢中的夹杂物和析出物,采用场发射扫描电镜观察其形貌,并结合能谱仪分析其成分. 结果表明,高钛型铁素体不锈钢中的夹杂物多为立方结构的碳氮化钛或树枝状的钛氧化物夹杂;Ti,Nb双稳定化铁素体不锈钢中,夹杂物核心由钛氧化物与氮化钛复合而成,棱角上包裹碳氮化铌;高铌型铁素体不锈钢中夹杂物为十字状或树枝状NbC. 利用热力学数据计算了Ti稳定化铁素体不锈钢中复合夹杂物的析出顺序及TiN的析出时机. 计算表明,在1873 K铁素体不锈钢成分条件下TiOx-TiN复合核心中钛氧化物为Ti2O3. 随着温度的降低,Ti, N在钢液中出现偏析富集,在钢液凝固过程中生成TiN,降低钢液中N含量可推迟TiN的析出时机.     

Numerical and experimental study of the effect of gas evolution in electrolytic pickling

As part of a progressive approach to model the electrolytic pickling process, this paper focuses on the important aspect of hydrogen and oxygen gas evolution on the electrodes and on the steel strip being pickled. The system considered consists of type 316 stainless steel pickled in aqueous sodium sulphate, with lead anodes and stainless steel cathodes. The mathematical model is two-dimensional steady-state, and includes the differential equations describing the effect of migration, giving the potential and current fields, and the Tafel kinetic rate expressions for hydrogen and oxygen gas generation. Experiments were conducted to obtain a better understanding of the process and for model validation. Good agreement between the experimental measurements of the global current efficiency and the model predictions was obtained.     

不锈钢管在聚酯生产行业中的选用

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验、扫描电镜断口分析以及金相显微组织分析检测等方法对0Cr13Al铁素体不锈钢及2205双相不锈钢在酸性介质中应力腐蚀开裂行为进行了研究。并评定不锈钢管在腐蚀性介质中应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性。为在聚酯生产行业中选择容器用钢提供依据。结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区。试样断口形貌呈准解理断裂和韧性断裂。2205双相不锈钢的应力腐蚀敏感性比0Cr13Al铁素体不锈钢低。     

Stainless steel electrode characterizations by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for dye-sensitized solar cells

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to understand the electrochemical mechanisms which appear in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This qualitative and quantitative technique permits identification of the phenomena proceeding within the different elements composing the cell and at their interfaces.In this study, the classical conducting glass substrate was replaced by a protected stainless steel (304 type) substrate as the counter-electrode (cathode) in dye-sensitized solar cells. Platinum was deposited at the substrate surface to optimize the charge transfer resistance of the electrode.After a few days of immersion in the electrolytic solution, stainless steel substrates coated with low thickness of Pt show pitting corrosion due to iodine. Defects in the Pt layer such as discontinuity of the film and micro-cracks may explain the corrosion of the stainless steel substrate. However the Pt layer degradation is retarded for thicker films. On the other hand, polished substrates show a better behaviour probably due to the elimination of the defects on the stainless steel surface.Electrolytic solution was optimized. For this, components such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BMII), guanidine thiocyanate (GT) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) were added. No corrosion phenomena on stainless steel 304 appeared within 3 days when TBP was added. This means that TBP acts as a corrosion inhibitor.A schematic equivalent circuit is also proposed.     

交流方波电解法制备彩色不锈钢

用交流方波电解着色法可以制备茶色、蓝色、黄色、红色、绿色等颜色的不锈钢，通过调节电流密度、方波周期和通电周期数等可获得预期色调的着色膜。     

Electrochemically induced alumina coatings on stainless steel: composition and behaviour at high temperature

Alumina coatings were formed by electrolytic treatment on an Fe-17% Cr stainless steel functionalized by surface conversion treatment to induce a particular surface morphology, suited to anchoring the ceramic layer. As deposited, the coatings appeared amorphous. They were composed of two layers: the superficial layer was constituted only of aluminium compounds while the deep layer had a composition gradient. Heating the coated steel caused interface reactions between the electrochemically-induced deposit and the initial conversion coating compounds. These reactions act to strengthen coat adhesion to the substrate with formation of crystallized mixed oxide such as Fe(Cr,AI)₂O₄. Moreover, Al₂O₃ phases appeared and acted as a barrier which prevented the thermal oxidation of the stainless steel.