孜然香气与精油成分比较研究

采用顶空固相微萃取一气相色谱一质谱法萃取和分析孜然粉末香气,共检测出19种成分,解析鉴定出占总挥发性成分99.695%的18种成分,主成分是两种蒈烯醛异构体(33.174%)、γ松油烯(17.858%)、枯茗醛(17.280%)、β蒎烯(13.940%)和对伞花烃(6.541%).以水蒸汽蒸馏法提取孜然,精油的得率为2.6%,用GC-MS联机对精油进行了成分分析,检测出28个成分,解析鉴定了占精油99.801%.4的26个成分.主要成分为枯茗醛(39.511%)和两种蒈烯醛异构体(35.249%),其次为γ松油烯(7.096%)、α-7-松油烯醇(5.315%)、β-蒎烯(5.242%)和对伞花烃(3.000%).     

固相微萃取气质联用分析野茉莉花的香气成分

研究了贵州产野茉莉花的芳香成分,用固相微萃取技术提取野茉莉花的香气成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行了分析测定,共鉴定出37个化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的92.71%。其中含量较高的组分有:w(α-蒎烯)=24.87%、w(β-香叶烯)=12.68%、w(橙花叔醇)=12.15%、w(桂皮醛)=9.09%、w(反式-β-罗勒烯)=7.76%、w(3-苯基-丙烯醇)=5.52%、w(小蠹二烯醇)=2.74%、w(芳樟醇L)=2.53%、w(β-蒎烯)=1.80%等。     

GC-O和GC-MS结合鉴定金银花精油中的特征香气组分

采用2种方法提取金银花挥发油,将其添加入卷烟中评价,超临界法萃取的金银花精油评价最好。采用超临界法萃取金银花精油,并用GC-MS结合GC-O分析检测金银花精油成分和特征香味组分。GC-MS检测出68种化合物,主要由醇类44. 48%、烯类16. 49%、酸类12. 73%、醛类7. 88%、酯类6. 53%、酮类4. 10%等组成;它们的峰面积和共占金银花精油成分总面积的92. 21%。在鉴定出的成分中,芳樟醇比例最高,占比是10. 91%,其次是2-十三醇6. 98%,1-二十二烯6. 42%,二十九烯5. 74%,棕榈酸4. 41%,羟基香茅醛4. 30%等。GC-O检测出的57种香味成分中,分析表明,苯乙醇(蜜甜花香)、异戊酸香叶酯(果甜香)、羟基香茅醛(青香)、芳樟醇(花青香)和壬酸烯丙酯(果香),是金银花精油的特征香味组分。     

侧柏叶挥发油化学成分固相微萃取分析

采用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法对贵州产侧柏叶挥发油进行了分析,共分离出89个组分,鉴定了其中72个组分。用峰面积归一化法测定了其相对含量,占挥发油成分总峰面积的96.60%。其主要成分是白菖油萜(12.07%),α-紫惠槐烯(10.89%),1S,顺-去氢白菖烯(8.90%),α-雪松醇(7.32%),表-双环倍半水芹烯(5.92%),反-石竹烯(5.23%),α-古芸烯(4.43%),γ-依兰油烯(3.14%),别罗勒烯(3.10%),α-姜黄烯(2.69%),(-)-α-古芸烯(2.05%)等。     

固相微萃取法结合GC-MS分析小鱼眼草中挥发性化合物

采用固相微萃取技术提取小鱼眼草挥发油成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油成分进行分析测定。从小鱼眼草挥发油中鉴定出32个化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的97.24％。其中含量超过4％的组分有:大香叶烯-D(30.84％)、3-异丙基-5,5-二甲基-环戊烯(17.11％)、β-石竹烯(8.00％)、大香叶烯-B(5....     

遂溪产沙田柚果皮中挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取广东遂溪产沙田柚果皮挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析和鉴定。共分离出27个组分,鉴定了其中的19种化合物,占总挥发油含量的90.58%。其主要成分D-柠檬烯(37.18%)和β-月桂烯(26.93%),占总挥发油含量的64.11%。     

不同产地烟草精油的提取及化学组成分析

选取四川、贵州和福建三地烟草为原料,用水中蒸馏法提取烟草精油。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪对不同产地烟草精油的组成及含量进行分析,比较了不同产地对产物产率及组成的影响。研究结果表明:产自福建、四川和贵州的烟草平均得率分别为0.1391%、0.0851%和0.1075%,相应的新植二烯分别为39.86%、36.12%和44.88%。对比分析显示:产自福建的烟草得油率最高,特征香气适中;产自贵州的烟草精油得油率适中,烟草香气突出,有明显甘草香气;产自四川的烟草精油得油率较低,香气较弱。     

芫荽根部芳香成分研究

为了使香菜根部得到有效利用,对香菜根部的香气成分进行了研究.采用水蒸气蒸馏方法对新鲜芫荽(香菜,Coriandrum sativum L.)根部的香气成分进行了提取,以0.304%收率获得了挥发油,用GC-MS方法对挥发油成分进行了分析,分析结果显示了共检测出66个成分,解析了占挥发油90.022%的39个成分,其中醛类49.422%,醇类18.868%,酯类6.481%,烃类5.249%.含量最多的是糠醛(23.050%),2-亚甲基环戊醇(14.389%)和2-十二烯醛(12.953%).由此,首次明确了黑龙江产香菜根部的香气成分.     

SPME-GC-MS对木姜子果实挥发性组分的测定

对贵州产木姜子果实挥发性组分进行研究。采用固相微萃取技术提取挥发性组分,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行组分分析测定。从木姜子挥发性组分中共鉴定出33种化学成分,占挥发性组分的98. 74%,其中含量较高的组分有:(E)-柠檬醛(34. 91%)、(Z)-柠檬醛(25. 81%)、柠檬烯(24. 17%)、α-蒎烯(3. 15%)、β-月桂烯(2. 92%)和β-蒎烯(2. 11%)。萜类是挥发性组分的主要结构类型。     

固相微萃取-气质联用分析锦橙果皮香气成分

为促进锦橙果皮在精细化工和食品加工中的应用,用固相微萃取-气质联用技术对锦橙果皮的香气成分进行了分析研究,通过谱库检索结合气相色谱保留指数定性方法,分离并鉴定出72个组分,已鉴定化合物占总离子流出峰面积的95.84%,主要香气成分的相对质量分数是:D-柠檬烯(68.7%)、β-月桂烯(9.92%)、芳樟醇(2.91%)、桧烯(2.15%)、香叶醛(2.14%)、橙花醛(1.46%)、α-蒎烯(1.27%)、癸醛(1.26%)。主要的香气成分是萜烯类化合物。     

迷迭香化学成分研究

为研究迷迭香的化学成分,采用溶剂w(CH3CH2OH)=95%热浸法提取,再依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,采用正相硅胶,C-18,Sephadex-20柱层析等方法,进行了分离纯化,共分离得到7个化合物。根据化学方法结合波谱分析数据(1D-NMR,2D-NMR)对分离所得化合物进行了结构鉴定,确定7个化合物分别是:迷迭香酚rosmanol(Ⅰ)、桦木酸(betulinicacid)(Ⅱ)、桦木醇betulin(Ⅲ)、7,24-tirucalladien-3β,27-diol(Ⅳ)、tirucalla-7,24-dien-3β,21,23-triol(Ⅴ)、迷迭香醌(rosmanol quinone)(Ⅵ)、芫花素(genkwanin)(Ⅶ),从迷迭香中分离得到的化合物Ⅳ、Ⅴ,鲜见文献报道。     

欧洲迷迭香的研究状况

综述了迷迭香在欧洲特别是英国、法国、德国、西班牙、意大利和瑞士等国的发展状况,内容涉及迷迭香的科研、标准、种植、加工、应用和贸易等方面情况。     

三种芳香植物的抗氧化性研究

本研究为了验证罗勒 (OcimunbasilicumLine) ,鼠尾草 (SalviaofficinalisL .) ,百里香 (ThymusvulgarisLine)等草本芳香植物的叶中是否含有抗氧化物质 ,选用猪油作为氧化材料进行了抗氧化实验分析。同时为了进一步证明植物体中抗氧化物质的存在形式 ,分别采用植物的干燥叶片和从植物中提取的精油进行抗氧化处理。最后对三种植物抗氧化性的强弱作对比分析。其结果为 :三种植物都具有抗氧化性 ,其中干燥叶片的抗氧化性比精油更强 ,证明更多的抗氧化物质存在于除精油成分以外的非挥发性物质中。三种植物抗氧化性强弱顺序为 :百里香 ,鼠尾草 ,罗勒     

Hybrid magnetite nanoparticles/Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil nanobiosystem with antibiofilm activity

Biofilms formed by fungal organisms are associated with drastically enhanced resistance against most antimicrobial agents, contributing to the persistence of the fungi despite antifungal therapy. The purpose of this study is to combine the unique properties of nanoparticles with the antimicrobial activity of the Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil in order to obtain a nanobiosystem that could be pelliculised on the surface of catheter pieces, in order to obtain an improved resistance to microbial colonization and biofilm development by Candida albicans and C. tropicalis clinical strains. The R. officinalis essential oils were extracted in a Neo-Clevenger type apparatus, and its chemical composition was settled by GC-MS analysis. Functionalized magnetite nanoparticles of up to 20 nm size had been synthesized by precipitation method adapted for microwave conditions, with oleic acid as surfactant. The catheter pieces were coated with suspended core/shell nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄/oleic acid:CHCl₃), by applying a magnetic field on nanofluid, while the CHCl₃ diluted essential oil was applied by adsorption in a secondary covering treatment. The fungal adherence ability was investigated in six multiwell plates, in which there have been placed catheters pieces with and without hybrid nanoparticles/essential oil nanobiosystem pellicle, by using culture-based methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The R. officinalis essential oil coated nanoparticles strongly inhibited the adherence ability and biofilm development of the C. albicans and C. tropicalis tested strains to the catheter surface, as shown by viable cell counts and CLSM examination. Due to the important implications of Candida spp. in human pathogenesis, especially in prosthetic devices related infections and the emergence of antifungal tolerance/resistance, using the new core/shell/coated shell based on essential oil of R. officinalis to inhibit the fungal adherence could be of a great interest for the biomedical field, opening new directions for the design of film-coated surfaces with antibiofilm properties.     

用外源酶处理香叶天竺葵枝叶对精油得率及香气的影响

1月份采摘的香叶天竺葵枝叶用诺维信Viscozyme L处理后再蒸油,发现精油得率比未处理样可提高75％,香气也变得更甜,少皂气,而且留香更持久。     

Elucidation of the chemical structure of a novel antioxidant,rosmaridiphenol, isolated from rosemary

A novel antioxidant compound has been isolated and identified from the leaves of theRosmarinus officinalis L. The compound, named rosmaridiphenol, is a diphenolic diterpene. When tested in lard, the antioxidant activity of this compound was superior to BHA. Structural elucidation of rosmaridiphenol was accomplished by infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS),¹H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and¹³C-NMR spectroscopy.     

三种理气类中药挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

研究了三种(厚朴、檀香、木香)理气类中药挥发油的化学成分。用水蒸气蒸馏提取三种药材的挥发油,用GC-MS分离检测其化学成分,并结合气相色谱程序升温指数辅助定性确定出挥发油中的化学组分。鉴定出木香挥发油中29个成分(占挥发油总量的92.00%);厚朴挥发油中26个成分(占挥发油总量的91.88%);檀香挥发油中10个成分(占挥发油总量的94.51%),三中药物挥发油的主要成分大不相同。计算了各种化合物的保留指数,使用保留指数辅助定性鉴定出的化合物所占挥发油百分含量明显多于文献中所报道的数据。     

Lipid oxidation inhibiting capacities of blackseed essential oil and rosemary extract

Lipid oxidation is the main deterioration process that occurs in vegetable oils containing lipid molecules with polyunsaturation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil (BEO) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract (RE) on stabilization of sunflower oil under accelerated storage conditions. RE was obtained by soxhlet extraction using methanol, whereas BEO was hydrodistilled from the blackseed extract obtained by extraction using petroleum ether (b.p. 40–60°C). The results indicate that both extracts stabilize sunflower oil to a certain extent, the extent being greater with RE than with BEO based on measurements of peroxide value, p‐anisidine value, amount of nonoxidized linoleic acid in saponified oil samples by HPLC‐DAD, concentration of conjugated diene hydroperoxide, and UV light absorption. The oil stabilizing effect of BEO against lipid oxidation, especially at concentrations of 0.06 and 0.1 g/100 g oil was found to increase as the temperature increased, according to principal component analysis results. Based on its strong lipid oxidation inhibiting capacity, RE can be used as a potential natural extract for stabilizing sunflower oil against oxidation. BEO, at carefully selected concentrations, can be suggested as an alternative supplement of plant origin for improving oil stabilization. Practical applications: Sunflower oil is a widely used vegetable oil for cooking and frying, and has a high linoleic acid content of about 40–70%. Here we show that sunflower oil can be stabilized by adding rosemary and blackseed extracts. The treatment can be useful especially in applications which require heating the oil to high temperatures.     

迷迭香多糖活性炭脱色工艺研究

采用热水浸提法提取迷迭香多糖,用活性炭脱色,以脱色率和多糖保留率为指标,考察了活性炭用量、脱色时间和脱色温度对多糖脱色效果的影响。结果表明,迷迭香多糖活性炭脱色最佳工艺条件为:活性炭用量1.0%,脱色时间60 min,脱色温度80℃。在此条件下,脱色率为82.44%,多糖保留率为55.72%。