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1.
湿法磷酸中有机物的脱除方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
湿法磷酸中含有多种杂质,有机杂质是其中的一种。介绍了采用活性炭和化学氧化相结合脱除湿法磷酸中有机杂质的方法,分别研究了试剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和搅拌速度对脱除湿法磷酸中有机杂质的影响。结果表明,采用活性炭吸附和化学氧化相结合的方法脱除湿法磷酸中的有机杂质,最显著的影响因素为活性炭用量和双氧水用量;在最佳工艺条件下,该法可以脱除湿法磷酸中80.2%的有机杂质,净化后磷酸中残余的有机杂质含量低于食品级磷酸对有机杂质所要求的含量。该方法是脱除湿法磷酸中有机杂质的有效方法。  相似文献   

2.
高质量分数净化磷酸去除有机杂质的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用活性炭吸附和化学氧化相结合的方法脱除高质量分数净化磷酸中的有机杂质,分别研究了试剂用量、反应温度、反应时问和搅拌速度对脱除有机杂质的影响。结果表明,活性炭和双氧水的用量对降低高质量分数净化磷酸中的有机物具有显著影响。在最佳工艺条件下,该法可以脱出高质量分数净化磷酸中89.4%的有机杂质,净化后磷酸中残余的有机杂质质量分数低于食品级磷酸的质量要求。  相似文献   

3.
采用活性炭吸附和化学氧化相结合的方法脱除高质量分散净化磷酸中的有机杂质,分别研究了试剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和搅拌速度对脱除有机杂质的影响.结果表明,活性炭和双氧水的用量对降低高质量分数净化磷酸中的有机物具有显著影响.在最佳工艺条件下,该法可以脱出高质量分数净化磷酸中89.4%的有机杂质,净化后磷酸中残余的有机杂质质量分散低于食品级磷酸的质量要求.  相似文献   

4.
提出一种清除铝换热器表面水垢的新配方,该配方由有机磷酸和磷酸组成,试验表明,在5%硝酸溶液中添加0.5%有机磷酸后,能有效地抑制铝的腐蚀,缓蚀率达89.2%。  相似文献   

5.
开发了一条溶剂萃取法净化盐酸法湿法磷酸生产工业磷酸二氢钾的工艺流程。该流程主要包括萃取除铁、萃取分离磷酸、制取磷酸二氢钾3个步骤。用二(2-乙基己基)磷酸逆流萃取盐酸法湿法磷酸中的3价铁离子,3价铁离子萃取率为88.27%,得到除铁粗磷酸。用磷酸三丁酯逆流萃取除铁粗磷酸,各组分萃取率从大到小的顺序为3价铁离子、磷酸、氯离子、氟离子、钙离子、铝离子、镁离子,磷酸萃取率为95.10%。对载磷酸有机相进行两次洗涤,钙离子脱除率达到99.36%。用去离子水逆流反萃洗后有机相,得到纯度较高、磷酸质量分数为16.38%的反萃磷酸。反萃磷酸与氯化钾反应,采用溶剂萃取法生产的磷酸二氢钾产品各项指标符合HG 2321—1992《磷酸二氢钾》工业一等品要求。  相似文献   

6.
毛晓颖  甄卫军  申丹  李进 《塑料工业》2012,40(7):118-123
采用氟化氢(HF)沉淀法得到高结晶度,晶相单一的磷酸锆(α-ZrP),然后通过甲胺(MA)进行预插层,再利用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵进一步对预插层产物进行有机改性从而制得有机磷酸锆(OZrP)。以OZrP为增强剂通过溶液插层法制备有机磷酸锆/聚乳酸(OZrP/PLA)纳米复合材料。对OZrP/PLA纳米复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性、热老化性能及降解性进行了研究,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磷酸锆改性前后的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明:当有机磷酸锆的用量为3份时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值37.85 MPa;OZrP的加入使PLA复合材料的耐热老化性和热稳定性能得到了提高;OZrP的加入加快了PLA的降解;微观结构表征分析表明,磷酸锆经过甲胺预插层及十八烷基三甲基氯化铵插层改性实现了有机改性,层间距从0.76 nm扩大到3.77 nm,片层松散,结构发生明显变化,利于制备插层型结构的OZrP/PLA纳米复合材料。  相似文献   

7.
前言理论上制高纯磷酸的方法,是结晶法。为了解决砷在磷酸晶体中的夹带问题,可用硫化钠先将砷沉淀、分离、再结晶进行净化,制得高纯磷酸。这种方法是目前食品用磷酸生产方法的基础。近年来,磷酸结晶法已重新成为净化湿法磷酸的研究对象,尤其是近年开发的有机萃取净化法与结晶法相结合,使磷酸结晶净化法在工业上重新显示出它的优  相似文献   

8.
TBP+MIBK混合溶剂协同萃取磷酸研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文用TBP+MIBK(TM)的混合体系对磷酸进行萃取,比较了TM与TBP+煤油(TK)萃取磷酸过程萃取有机相的粘度和磷酸含量,研究了TM体系萃取磷酸的协同萃取效应以及萃取平衡.结果表明:在相同的温度和浓度下,MIBK的稀释作用比煤油好,用TM体系萃取磷酸的萃取有机相中磷酸含量可以达到很高,而不会出现三相,因此TM体系萃取磷酸优于TK体系;而且从萃取体系的粘度和萃取体系的磷酸含量看,TM都优于TK体系;TM体系萃取磷酸具有一定的协同效应.  相似文献   

9.
我国有机磷酸酯工业展望   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对甸近年来有机磷酸新品种的开发、生产工艺的改进、应用技术的进展进行了归纳分析,提出加快有机磷酸酯新品种开发及推广的建议 。  相似文献   

10.
聚苯乙烯修饰α-磷酸锆的合成与表征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用十八烷基二甲基叔胺(DMA)与对氯甲基苯乙烯(CMS)合成的季铵盐(DMA-CMS)与α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)进行阳离子交换反应,合成了具有反应活性的有机修饰磷酸锆(ZrP-DMA-CMS)。再利用本体聚合法,使该有机化处理的磷酸锆与苯乙烯反应,合成了聚苯乙烯修饰的磷酸锆P(St-ZrP-DMA-CMS)。运用FT-IR、TGA、XRD对所制备的ZrP-DMA-CMS及P(St-ZrP-DMA-CMS)进行了分析。XRD分析表明,DMA-CMS修饰的磷酸锆层间距离由0.8nm扩大为4.0nm;聚苯乙烯修饰的磷酸锆,其层间距则由4.0nm进一步扩大到4.4nm。TGA分析表明,聚苯乙烯修饰的磷酸锆P(St-ZrP-DMA-CMS)热稳定性比α-ZrP提高了17%。  相似文献   

11.
A study was made to obtain a better understanding of the manner in which preozonation affects trihalomethane (THM) formation with respect to humic acid, citric acid, and 11 aromatic compounds which were components of humic acid, all in dilute aqueous medium. Ozonation before chlorination is able tonotonly decrease, butalso increase the concentrations of THM precursors. The compounds which are inherently high THM precursors, such as resorcinol, aniline, salicyl-aldehyde, phenol, andp-hydroxybenzoic acid, are controlled with respect tothe increase inthe amount ofozone consumed, but the compounds which have essentially no or alow potential for chloroform formation, such as hydroquinone. salicylic acid, methoxybenzene. benzaldehyde. and benzole acid, produce their maximum THM levels at a certain value of ozone consumed. When 1mg of organic carbon consumes more than 8 mg of ozone, THM formation from thetested aromatic compounds isdepressed by ozone.

Aliphatic carbonyl compounds which are the products resulting from the ozonation of aromatic compounds are not significant THM precursors. The preozonation of humic acid is not as effective in reducing its THM formation potential (THMFP) as when simple aromatic compounds are treated. However, the organic materials in the effluent from a biological treatment process usually have a high THMFP, in comparison with organic compounds which are contained in raw wastes. Therefore, there is a limitation in the effectiveness of utilizing biological treatment to remove the precursors of THM.  相似文献   


12.
分别以对氨基苯磺酸、间氨基苯磺酸、苯胺 2 ,5 二磺酸为原料与四酸二酐反应 ,得到了 3种呈强烈黄绿色荧光化合物。由于水溶性荧光化合物目前在国内研究的比较少 ,因此 ,该 3种荧光化合物的合成对于酰亚胺荧光化合物的深度研究具有深远的意义  相似文献   

13.
简单介绍了酚酸类化合物的来源和生物活性,综述了酚酸类化合物作为一种天然化合物,通过清除自由基、抑制炎症反应、抑菌、抑制酪氨酸酶活性、加速分解肌肤中的晚期糖化终末产物等途径起到的美白淡斑、抗衰老、抗炎、屏障修护等多重护肤功效,并介绍了酚酸类化合物的安全性问题,提出了酚酸类化合物生物利用度低、低水溶性等实际应用问题,采用生物基纳米颗粒负载酚酸类化合物可使部分实际应用问题得到改善。最后阐述了目前酚酸类化合物在化妆品行业应用中存在的问题,以期为酚酸类化合物在护肤领域的应用提供参考。  相似文献   

14.
A systematic characterization of the reversion flavor of soybean oil   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The volatile flavor compounds in a reverted soybean oil with a peroxide number of 4.3 meq/kg were isolated by a semicontinuous counter-current vacuum steam-distillation process, fractionated by repeated gas chromatography, and identified by infrared and mass spectrometry. A total of 71 compounds were identified, which included 19 acids, 39 nonacidic compounds, and 13 tentatively identified compounds. The acids consisted of eight normal saturated acids, nine α,β-unsaturated acids, a branch-chain acid, one hydroxy acid, two keto acids, three lactones, and one aromatic acid. The nonacidic compounds consisted of two esters, eight normal saturated aldehydes, two branched-chain aldehydes, five 2-enals, three dienals, eight ketones, eight alcohols, six hydrocarbons, and four aromatic compounds. The mechanism of formation of the identified compounds indicated that they were mostly primary or secondary autoxidation products of the hydroperoxides of the unsaturated fatty esters. Since many of the identified compounds were produced from oleic and linoleic acids, it is doubtful that linolenic acid was solely responsible for the reversion flavor. Of the compounds identified two are of unusual interest. They are 1-decyne and 2-pentyl furan. The former is the first acetylenic compound reported as the autoxidation products of unsaturated fatty esters which contained only double bonds. The latter imparts to an oil at concentrations of 5–10 ppm a beany and grassy flavor reminiscent of that of a reverted soybean oil. Since this compound is postulated as being produced by the autoxidation of linolenic acid, it is suggested that the presence of linolenic acid catalyzes the autoxidation of linoleic acid and possibly alters the decomposition pattern of its hydroperoxides.  相似文献   

15.
磷元素作为"生命活动的调控中心"而备受关注,磷化合物凭借优异的性能及在众多领域的广泛应用,吸引着许多科学家在磷化合物设计、合成与性能方面开展了大量、深入和系统的研究工作,在高端日化、医药卫生以及生命科学等理论与应用方面取得丰硕的成果。但原子经济性、产业化应用、环境友好性以及绿色产业化方面有待进一步提高。在近年来研究基础上,系统地综述了设计合成磷化合物的Kabachnik-Fields反应、Atherton-Todd反应、Abramov反应等及反应机理,为构筑新型磷酸酯型化合物、开发该类化合物的新功能提供重要参考,同时对含磷化合物在三次采油、航空航天等应用领域的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

16.
Products of the Dimerisation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids III: Separation of Dimeric Fatty Acids with the Aid of GC and HPLC — Identification of Branched Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids From dimers produced by dimerisation of pure oleic acid we obtain by freezing small amounts of compounds, which can be separated further by GC. The separated compounds are isomers with a molecular weight of 594. They are saturated branched aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters. They are obviously produced by en-reaction followed by hydrogenation. A much more effective separation than by GC is possible by HPLC, using a detector based on light scattering. Thus the dimeric fatty esters can be separated into four fractions: the first fraction consists of aromatics, the second obviously of alicyclic and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the third and fourth consist of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters of MW 594. Fatty acids obtained by dimerisation of a starting material rich in linoleic acid contain large amounts of aromatic compounds, those which are obtained by dimerisation of starting material rich in oleic acid contain rather high amounts of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and practically no aromatic compounds.  相似文献   

17.
Chemogenomics methods seek to characterize the interaction between drugs and biological systems and are an important guide for the selection of screening compounds. The acid/base character of drugs has a profound influence on their affinity for the receptor, on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile and the way the drug can be formulated. In particular, the charge state of a molecule greatly influences its lipophilicity and biopharmaceutical characteristics. This study investigates the acid/base profile of human small‐molecule drugs, chemogenomics datasets and screening compounds including a natural products set. We estimate the acid‐ionization constant (pKa) values of these compounds and determine the identity of the ionizable functional groups in each set. We find substantial differences in acid/base profiles of the chemogenomic classes. In many cases, these differences can be linked to the nature of the target binding site and the corresponding functional groups needed for recognition of the ligand. Clear differences are also observed between the acid/base characteristics of drugs and screening compounds. For example, the proportion of drugs containing a carboxylic acid was 20 %, in stark contrast to a value of 2.4 % for the screening set sample. The proportion of aliphatic amines was 27 % for drugs and only 3.4 % for screening compounds. This suggests that there is a mismatch between commercially available screening compounds and the compounds that are likely to interact with a given chemogenomic target family. Our analysis provides a guide for the selection of screening compounds to better target specific chemogenomic families with regard to the overall balance of acids, bases and pKa distributions.  相似文献   

18.
了哥王挥发油的化学成分分析   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
梁勇  林德球  郭宝江  曾丁才  宋艳平 《精细化工》2005,22(5):357-358,361
用常规水蒸气蒸馏法提取出药用植物了哥王精油,经气相色谱-质谱联机分析,共分离出30多个峰,鉴定出其中37种化合物。挥发油主要成分是十六烷酸、9 十八碳烯酸、9, 12 十八碳二烯酸、9 十六碳烯酸、十五烷酸、十二烷酸、癸酸,其质量分数分别为60 44%、7 13%、5 48%、2 42%、1 21%、0 76%、0 51%,所鉴定的成分占挥发油总质量的77 95 %。  相似文献   

19.
The addition of carboxylic acids to polyolefins results in an apparent slippage flow along rheometer and die walls. In this article, we seek to extend this investigation to polymer/particulate compounds. An experimental study on the influence of carboxylic acid additive in polyethylene/filler and polystyrene/filler compounds in rheometers is described. Capillary and cone‐plate experiments are reported. A series of particle fillers of varying character, including carbon black, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, and talc are compared. The aliphatic fatty acid, octadecanoic acid, was used as an additive. Significant viscosity reductions were observed. The greatest effects were found in polyethylene/(carbon black) and polystyrene/(calcium carbonate) compounds. All of the polyethylene compounds exhibited slip flow, but the polystyrene compounds did not. Apparently much of the octadecanoic acid was interacting with the polar particle fillers and not with the die wall. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 651–658, 2004  相似文献   

20.
13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals in several fatty compounds with allylic mono- and dihydroxy groups were assigned by comparing compounds with and without other functional groups (allylic hydroxy, carboxylic acid, respectively, methyl ester at C1). The simple13C NMR spectra of hydroxylated compounds derived from symmetrical alkenes are particularly useful in making assignments. The compounds whose signals were partially assigned are 8-hydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid, 11-hydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid, 8, 11-dihydroxy-9(E)-octadecenoic acid, 9(E)-octadecen-8-ol, and 9(E)-octadecene-8, 11-diol. The present evaluation can be used for assigning signals in other fatty compounds.  相似文献   

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