纳米氧化锆的研究进展

综述了纳米氧化锆的性质,制备方法,在陶瓷增韧,催化等领域的应用以及可能的发展前景。综合分析认为纳米氧化锆具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

氧化锆的水热合成及其应用研究进展

介绍了水热合成氧化锆的发展历程以及水热法制备氧化锆的特点和发展趋势。水热合成是一种合成氧化锆的重要方法,自发明以来就是该领域的研究热点。同时,介绍了氧化锆在陶瓷增韧、催化剂及载体、离子导电和生物等方面的应用。由于氧化锆的优异性质,其应用范围将越来越广阔。     

氧化锆材料种类及应用

论述了氧化锆的基本性能,并对氧化锆材料自问世以来被人类所利用的领域进行了详细的研究,发现目前除被广泛应用于传统领域耐火材料、结构材料、功能材料、宝石材料之外,正逐渐被装饰陶瓷所采纳,如彩色氧化锆陶瓷、陶瓷首饰等异军突起,成为装饰陶瓷领域的一支奇琶,倍受世人瞩目。     

氧化锆增韧氧化铝耐磨陶瓷部件的研究

耐磨结构陶瓷部件是高技术陶瓷材料应用的一个主要领域,传统的耐磨陶瓷部件多以氧化铝材料为主。本文对以工业级原料为主制得的氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷耐磨部件进行了研究,用该技术制得的耐磨陶瓷部件具有产品性能好、生产成本低等特点,并能满足工业化生产要求。     

氧化锆基陶瓷磨损机理转变的研究

氧化锆基陶瓷凭借优异的耐磨性在耐磨领域得到了广泛的使用.本文就影响氧化锆基陶瓷磨损机理转变的因素进行了综述,并对如何提高氧化锆基陶瓷耐磨性进行了展望,以促进正确设计和使用氧化锆基陶瓷作为摩擦学部件.     

陶瓷新材料

用氧化锆加固的玻璃陶瓷　美国科学家把用于制造玻璃陶瓷的多种原料与粉状的非晶体的氧化锆混合后,加热至所有成份都溶化,然后慢慢冷却,即在玻璃陶瓷内形成氧化锆晶体,成为用氧化锆加固的玻璃陶瓷,具有很大的机械强度,而且耐腐蚀,可制造人造牙齿和巨大望远镜面等。夹铝陶瓷　夹铝陶瓷是在陶瓷中夹入薄铝层,它既具有陶瓷材料的优点,例如耐腐蚀性好、重量轻、耐热性好等,而又克服了陶瓷材料的韧性太差的缺点。因为在莫来石陶瓷层中夹入铝层,可以阻止莫来石中应力裂纹的生长,有效地阻止了裂纹的扩展,克服了陶瓷材料较脆的弱点。　　液体瓷砖　…     

国内外简讯

稳定化氧化锆的用途氧化锆是优秀的耐火材料、主要用于光学玻璃、陶瓷颜料等方面。近5—6年来,人们往氧化锆里添加百分之几乃至百分之十几的CaO,MgO,Y_2O_3等稳定剂,从而提高氧化锆耐高温性能、使之可以在高温状态下使用,象这样含有稳定剂的氧化锆称之为稳定化氧化锆。氧化锆的稳定化,就是将CaO等稳定剂与ZrO_2固熔,主要有电熔法,烧成法和共沉法。与前两种方法比较,固熔法得到的氧化锆在很低的温度下也稳定、稳定剂分布均匀、活性好,适于作结构材料。稳定化氧化锆的用途与其性质紧密相关。首先,它是很好的固体电解质,离子迁     

髋关节整体替代陶瓷材料

许多材料在医学领域应用广泛,例如,整体替换硬组织或软组织的元件(如骨盆、骨头、关节、植牙等)、修补、诊断或矫正仪器(如起搏器、心脏阀等)。这些材料不仅要有好的力学性能,还要保持长期稳定,不能与人体相排斥。由于陶瓷材料在生理环境中具有强度高、生物相容性强和稳定性好的优点,人们研究用陶瓷材料替换骨骼。从20 世纪70 年代起,欧洲人用陶瓷组件置换整个髋关节。这些组件主要由氧化铝和氧化锆单体制成。然而,在有水环境中,氧化锆会发生低温降解。目前人们的研究重点在于提高陶瓷组件的强度和耐磨性,同时缩小其尺寸并延长其使用寿命。研究中使用的材料是氧化锆增韧的氧化铝复合陶瓷和其它氧化铝复合陶瓷,不再是单体陶瓷。另外,还可以使用氧化铝和氧化锆功能梯度复合材料。该梯度材料可以利用电泳沉积法(EPD)制得,其表面为纯氧化铝,中心部分为均匀的氧化铝、氧化锆复合材料,中间过渡部分是呈连续梯度渐变的氧化铝、氧化锆复合材料,烧成后会产生剩余热应力。设计这样的梯度结构是为了使复合材料具有最大表面压应力和最小内部张应力,与纯氧化铝组件相比,提高了强度和耐磨性。     

黑色氧化锆陶瓷刀的研制

突破了目前陶瓷刀具行业通用的黑色氧化锆刀制造工艺,以尖晶石型钴黑高温色料作为呈色剂,采用水基注凝法,制成黑色氧化锆陶瓷刀。经过对其烧成制度等影响进行一系列研究后,使黑色陶瓷刀具有颜色均匀一致,色泽亮丽,强度高、韧性好等优异性能,完全满足要求。     

氧化锆陶瓷在日用产品创新开发中的设计与思考

氧化锆陶瓷是特种陶瓷的一种。它所具备的特殊性质和功能,使其成为现代社会人们进行生产活动和科学实验所不可或缺的高科技材料。把它运用到日常生活当中,不但能够提升我们的生活品质,续展中国陶瓷文化的艺彩,而且对于环境保护也有很大的现实意义。本文以研究氧化锆陶瓷日用品的艺术设计为切入点,对氧化锆陶瓷在生活中的应用,进行开拓创新与设计研究。     

The influence of sulphur on the processing of zirconia based ceramics

Yttria stabilized zirconia powders were synthesized by the coprecipitation route. Zirconium oxychloride containing sulphur as contamination and analytical grade yttrium chloride were used as raw materials. Powders were calcined at temperatures between 600 and 1100 °C and ground by ball and attrition milling. The ceramic bodies were sintered at 1350 and 1550 °C for 1 h and the apparent density was measured. In the present work it is shown that the most deleterious effect of sulphur was observed in 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia, especially when the pellets were obtained at high pressures and sintered at 1500 °C. The elimination of sulphur at higher calcination temperatures minimizes the effects caused by this contamination, despite the reduction of powder surface area. The best processing condition to obtain high density zirconia ceramics from powders contaminated with sulphur was established.     

Ceramic dies selection for electrical resistance sintering of metallic materials

Processing metallic powders by electrical resistance sintering requires the use of insulating ceramics dies. Selecting the appropriate ceramic material according to the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties is a need. Dies produced with several ceramic materials have been tested during the production of cemented carbide in order to check their behaviour in the process and final product properties. Tialite/mullite, zircon/mullite, zirconium phosphate based ceramic, yttria-stabilized zirconia and sialon, in most cases with modified compositions and shaping processes in order to achieve a high density, have been tested. Dry powder processing by cold isostatic pressing and furnace sintering resulted to be the better process for dies production. The effect of die properties on the produced cemented carbide, and the behaviour and life of the die during the production have been analysed. Very smooth die surface increases the number of cycles withstood during metallic parts production, because of lower extraction stresses, as checked for sialon dies. Zirconium phosphate based dies, with low thermal conductivity, show the most densified hard metal parts surface.     

The Tetragonal-Monoclinic Transformation in Zirconia: Lessons Learned and Future Trends

Zirconia ceramics have found broad applications in a variety of energy and biomedical applications because of their unusual combination of strength, fracture toughness, ionic conductivity, and low thermal conductivity. These attractive characteristics are largely associated with the stabilization of the tetragonal and cubic phases through alloying with aliovalent ions. The large concentration of vacancies introduced to charge compensate of the aliovalent alloying is responsible for both the exceptionally high ionic conductivity and the unusually low, and temperature independent, thermal conductivity. The high fracture toughness exhibited by many of zirconia ceramics is attributed to the constraint of the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation and its release during crack propagation. In other zirconia ceramics containing the tetragonal phase, the high fracture toughness is associated with ferroelastic domain switching. However, many of these attractive features of zirconia, especially fracture toughness and strength, are compromised after prolonged exposure to water vapor at intermediate temperatures (∼30°–300°C) in a process referred to as low-temperature degradation (LTD), and initially identified over two decades ago. This is particularly so for zirconia in biomedical applications, such as hip implants and dental restorations. Less well substantiated is the possibility that the same process can also occur in zirconia used in other applications, for instance, zirconia thermal barrier coatings after long exposure at high temperature. Based on experience with the failure of zirconia femoral heads, as well as studies of LTD, it is shown that many of the problems of LTD can be mitigated by the appropriate choice of alloying and/or process control.     

Measurement of ceramics cracking during water quenching by digital image correlation

Measuring the thermal shock crack growth process is crucial for revealing ceramic materials and structures’ thermal shock failure mechanisms and evaluating their reliability. We used a self-made water quenching system to conduct thermal shock tests on alumina and zirconia ceramics. The thermal shock process was recorded by high-speed digital image correlation (DIC) during the test. The process of thermal shock crack initiation and propagation in two kinds of ceramics was determined by analyzing the speckle image change on the sample’s surface. It is found that the crack growth rate of alumina is faster than that of zirconia, which is caused by different material parameters. This paper presents an in-situ measurement method for the initiation and propagation of thermal shock cracking in ceramic materials. It can provide a measurement method to identify and predict the thermal shock damage of ceramic components.     

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of a Novel Template from Mesoporous Zirconia and the Effect on Porous Structure

Mesoporous zirconia was synthesized by a new and simple method. Zirconium n-propoxide was used as the zirconium source. A small, inexpensive nonsurfactant, triethanolamine, was used as the template. The template was removed by thermal treatment in air and supercritical fluid extraction using CO₂. The structure of the resulting materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and N₂ adsorption-desorption analyses. The materials are found to have narrowly distributed average pore diameters and wormhole-like pore channels. However, higher surface area and larger pore volume are exhibited after supercritical fluid extraction with CO₂. The removal of the template by thermal treatment also leads to condensation and mild shrinkage of the zirconia framework.     

Zirconium oxycarbides and oxycarbonitrides: A review

Zirconium oxycarbides and zirconium oxycarbonitrides are high-temperature ceramic materials with great potential for applications in advanced technologies due to their good refractoriness, mechanical and thermoelectric properties, and corrosion resistance. The properties of ZrCO(N) materials strongly depend on their composition. However, the stoichiometry of stable ZrCO(N) compounds, synthesis chemistry, and thermodynamics of the proceeding reactions require clarification. This review comprehensively interprets data for ZrCO and ZrCON ceramics, including studies that may not have been addressed in prior reviews. It summarizes the state-of-the-art synthesis procedures involving reactions between commonly used zirconia, zirconium carbide, and carbon black, along with other zirconium sources widely used in the last few decades for the preparation of ZrCO(N) materials. The controversial reaction mechanisms of carbothermal reduction of zirconia and the role of CO gas in this process are discussed. The properties of ZrCO and ZrCON and their possible applications are also summarized.     

氧化锆陶瓷凝胶注模成形研究

试验采用高纯超细氧化锆粉伴为原料,通过凝胶注模成形工艺,获得氧化锆陶瓷刀具的坯体。参照已有经验,通过研究氧化锆陶瓷凝胶注模成形工艺流程及工艺参数与所得样品的关系,进行探索性试验。通过对比试验结果,获得最佳工艺参数,确定了氧化锆凝胶注模成形的最佳配方。按照试验提供的原料配方,严格控制干燥过程和烧成制度,可以得到结构致密、性能稳定、强度较高的陶瓷刀具,为凝胶注模成形方法的工业化推广提供了可靠的参考依据。     

Phase stability in scandia‐zirconia nanocrystals

Scandia‐zirconia system has great technological interest as it has the highest ionic conductivity among doped zirconia ceramics. However, polymorphism is the most important limiting factor for application of this material. Considering that there is a strong grain size dependence on phase transitions in this class of materials, mapping out the stable polymorph as a function of grain size and composition may lead to more efficient compositional design. In this article, the phase stability of zirconia‐scandia nanocrystals was investigated based on experimental thermodynamic data. Exploiting recent advances in microcalorimetry, reliable surface energy data for five polymorphs of scandia‐zirconia system: monoclinic, tetragonal, cubic, rhombohedral β and γ are reported for the first time. Combining surface energy values with bulk enthalpy data obtained from oxide melt drop solution calorimetry allowed us to create a predictive phase stability diagram that shows the stable zirconia polymorph as a function of composition and grain size of the specimen within the range of 0‐20 mol% scandia.     

微波处理条件下含氧化钇稳定氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷中的相变行为研究

本文采用XRD方法对微波热处理前后具有不同含量的氧化钇稳定氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷的相变行为进行了研究。实验结果表明微波处理过程中,低含量Y_2O_3稳定ZTA陶瓷表面几乎皆为单斜相,当Y_2O_3含量超过2mol％时则四方相含量剧增,其原因在于ZTA陶瓷微波处理引起体积性加热造成较大的内外温差,使得内应力缓解了基质对ZrO_2的约束而发生t—ZrO_2=m—ZrO_2相变。同时如果调节稳定剂含量适中(如2mol％Y_2O_3),并对瓷体进行微波特殊处理后可获得较高的断裂相变量,有利于相变增韧陶瓷力学性能改善及损伤部件的性能自回复。     

LaPO4添加量对粗晶ZrO2陶瓷抗热震性能的影响

以空气为淬冷介质,用淬冷-强度法研究了LaPO4添加量对粗晶ZrO2(4Y)陶瓷抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,原料粒度为1.5μm的ZrO2陶瓷,其抗热震性能随LaPO4添加量的增加逐渐提高。LaPO4添加量为20 vol%时,陶瓷的临界抗热震温差达1300℃,比单一ZrO2陶瓷提高了400℃。ZrO2-LaPO4复相陶瓷抗热震性能的提高主要是由于LaPO4晶体的层间解理以及弱界面开裂分散了热应力,耗散了热震裂纹扩展的能量。