蓖麻油合成生物柴油及其工艺影响因素的考察

以蓖麻油为原料,在离子液催化作用下与乙醇合成生物柴油,考察了醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量4个因素对蓖麻油合成生物柴油产率的影响.结果表明,当离子液用量为1.0(wt)%,醇油摩尔比为6:1,反应时间为16min,反应温度为45℃时,生物柴油的产率可以达到90%.     

碘催化合成水杨酸乙酯的研究

本实验以碘为催化剂,由水杨酸和乙醇合成了水杨酸乙酯.考察了酸醇物质的量比,催化剂用量,反应温度和反应时间对产品产率的影响.实验结果表明,在醇酸物质的量比为6:1,催化剂用量为水杨酸的25(mol)%,反应时间6.0h,反应温度为75～85℃时,水杨酸乙酯的产率为34.62%.     

以酯基为连接基的非离子双子表面活性剂的合成

以蓖麻油酸（RA）、聚乙二醇（600）为原料,马来酸酐为连接基,合成了一种新型的非离子双子表面活性剂MARAPEG-15,考察了催化剂用量、物料摩尔配比、反应时间及温度对酸酐与蓖麻油酸聚乙二醇硼酸酯酯化的影响,并测定了产物的临界胶束浓度和表面张力。马来酸酐与蓖麻油酸聚乙二醇硼酸酯酯化较佳的工艺条件为：催化剂用量为总质量的3%,n（酸酐）∶n（蓖麻油酸聚乙二醇硼酸酯）为3.1∶2,反应温度为110℃,时间为4 h;硼酸酯键水解时间为1.5 h。产物的表面张力及其临界胶束浓度为γCMC=35.73 mN/m,CMC=1.96×10-5mol/L。     

肉桂酸合成工艺的优化

通过Perkin法合成肉桂酸,主要考察苯甲醛与乙酸酐的物质的量比、反应时间、苯甲醛与催化剂物质的量比及催化剂种类对合成肉桂酸产率的影响。结果表明,当苯甲醛和乙酸酐的物质的量比为1.0∶3.0、回流时间为80min、苯甲醛与催化剂物质的量比为1.0∶1.0、催化剂为无水碳酸钾、反应温度为160～170℃时,肉桂酸的产率达75.4%。故选取合适的溶剂和工艺条件,用苯甲醛和乙酸酐作为原料可以得到较高产率。     

1999年～2000年国内塑料助剂技术进展(续)

7　抗静电剂芥酸酰胺的研制　广东石油化工高等专科学校以芥酸和氨为原料 ,在稀土金属化合物的催化作用下 ,常压合成芥酸酰胺。采用均匀设计考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类与用量对反应结果的影响 ,得出较佳工艺条件 :反应温度 180℃ ,反应时间8ｈ ,催化剂四异丙氧基钛的用量为芥酸重量的1.4 %,通氨时速为 10 0Ｌ /ｈ ,2ｈ后为 75Ｌ /ｈ。在此条件下进行反应 ,芥酸转化率达 98%以上 ,芥酸酰胺收率在 92 .8%以上[6 6 ] 。蓖麻油烷醇酰胺硼酸酯的合成与应用研究　齐齐哈尔大学以蓖麻油、二乙醇胺和硼酸为基本原料 ,在氮气保护下合成了…     

硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺的二步法合成研究

以硬脂酸与乙醇胺为原料 ,采用二步法合成硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺的反应优化条件是 :硬脂酸与乙醇胺的总的物质的量比为 1∶1 1 ;第一步反应中 ,硬脂酸与乙醇胺的物质的量比控制在 1∶0 7,温度为 1 70℃ ,反应 4h ;第二步反应中 ,加入剩余的乙醇胺 ,温度为 1 0 0℃ ,催化剂KOH用量为 0 0 76mol mol硬脂酸 ,反应 4h。硬脂酸单乙醇酰胺的产率可达到 86 9% ,终产物的熔点为 88～ 90℃。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成氯乙酸乙酯

首次以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，通过氯乙酸和乙醇反应合成了氯乙酸乙酯，并探讨了诸因素对产率的影响，实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2具有良好的催化活性，醇酸物质的量比为1.4：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2.0%，反应时间2.0h，反应温度89～96℃，产率可达43.02%。     

椰子油酸单乙醇酰胺丁氧基醚的合成

以椰子油酸单乙醇酰胺、环氧丁烷为原料,进行开环聚合反应合成椰子油酸单乙醇酰胺丁氧基醚,考察了椰子油酸单乙醇酰胺丁氧基醚合成的条件。实验表明,在反应物椰子油酸单乙醇酰胺与环氧丁烷物质的量比为1∶2,反应温度155℃,反应时间3h的条件下,环氧丁烷的转化率可达98.0%以上。     

椰子油单乙醇酰胺丙氧基醚的合成研究

以椰子油单乙醇酰胺、环氧丙烷为原料,进行开环聚合反应合成椰子油单乙醇酰胺丙氧基醚,考察了椰子油单乙醇酰胺丙氧基醚合成的条件,实验表明,在催化剂氢氧化钾用量为反应物总物质的量的0.5%,反应物椰子油单乙醇酰胺与环氧丙烷物质的量比为1：2,反应温度145℃,反应时间3h的条件下,环氧丙烷的转化率可达99.9%。经测试,椰子油单乙醇酰胺丙氧基醚与椰子油单乙醇酰胺的稳泡性能相近,具有黏度低,水溶性好的特点。     

碳基固体酸催化剂的合成及其催化酯化性能

以桃核壳为原料合成了碳基固体酸催化剂。利用乙醇和乙酸的酯化反应为模型反应,考察了不同碳化温度、磺化温度和磺化时间对催化剂活性的影响。 用TG分析催化剂的热稳定性,用SEM及搭载的能谱分析仪EDS考察了催化剂的外貌特征和表面元素分布。结果表明,在300 ℃碳化和98 ℃磺化4.5 h所得的催化剂活性最高,每克碳基固体酸催化剂负载的磺酸基团为2.1 mmol。在反应时间5 h、反应温度70 ℃、催化剂用量为冰乙酸和乙醇混合物总质量的2%和醇酸物质的量比为1.5∶1时,冰醋酸转化率为70.84%。     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

Comparison of Fatty Acid Profile of Specialty Maize to Normal Maize

Increasing utilization of specialty maize prompted us to evaluate its fatty acid profile. For this purpose maize germplasm, classified as low oil normal maize (group 1), high oil normal maize (group 2), quality protein maize (QPM) (group 3) and sweet corn (group 4) was evaluated for oil, starch, protein and fatty acid composition mainly palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid. High oil content was observed in sweet corn samples which might be result of shriveled grain texture because of an increased embryo to kernel ratio. Individual fatty acids showed wide differences among different groups. A slightly higher amount of palmitic acid was reported in specialty maize as compared to normal maize. In contrast, stearic acid content was significantly low in high oil normal maize (56 %), QPM (36.2 %) and sweet corn (28.4 %) in comparison to low oil normal maize. Although no significant differences were observed for oleic acid between low oil normal and high oil normal maize, but sweet corn samples showed significantly reduced oleic acid compared to low oil normal maize. However, the most important observation was the higher content of linoleic acid in specialty maize (groups 2, 3 and 4) as compared to low oil normal maize. Further, the ratio of MUFA/PUFA was also discussed. It was concluded that specialty maize possesses a better oil quality in comparison to low oil normal maize.     

利用磷肥副产物氟硅酸制备氟硼酸工艺介绍

阐述了利用磷肥副产氟硅酸制备氟硼酸的新工艺。     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

纳滤用于废混酸处理的工业化测试研究

采用PES纳滤膜对不锈钢酸洗废液进行回收处理,在1.6～3.8 MPa的常温生产工况下进行全样本检测和回归分析,结果表明:废混酸中游离硝酸的浓度变化对金属离子的渗透率无明显影响;废混酸中金属离子含量变化时,渗透液中的金属离子也同步呈现正比例关系。纳滤对于废混酸的金属离子拦截率为20%～30%;游离硝酸的渗透率在80%～95%之间。纳滤膜用于不锈钢酸洗废液回收处理时,由于金属离子高导致酸不平衡而外排,必须采取措施提高金属离子拦截率,否则将制约纳滤膜在不锈钢废混酸回收领域的工业化应用。     

Fatty acid and oil diversity of cupheaviscosissima: A source of medium- chain fatty acids

Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. is being developed as a commercial source of caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic acids. Germplasm resources for characterizing the genetic diversity of this species became available following explorations by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1986 and 1987. In this paper, we describe the fatty acid and oil percentage diversity of forty- two populations ofC. viscosissima collected from seven states within the United States. Caprylic (18.0%) and capric acid (69.9%) were the major fatty acids of these populations. The fatty acid percentage ranges were narrow for every fatty acid,e.g., 16.4 to 20.4% for caprylic acid and 66.6 to 71.3% for capric acid. The maximum lauric acid percentage was 3.4%. Oil ranged from 27.3 to 33.4%. Although the populations surveyed cover a fairly wide geographic range, they display limited fatty acid diversity. Surveys of germplasm from other parts of the range are needed to further characterize the fatty acid diversity of this species. To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

酸酐催化乙酸氯化制一氯乙酸的研究

在填料塔式反应器中 ,以酸酐为催化剂 ,通过改变反应温度、酸酐 /乙酸配比等条件 ,对酸酐催化乙酸氯化制一氯乙酸的反应进行了研究 ,找到合适的反应条件为 :反应温度 110℃、醋酐 /乙酸质量比大于 12 %、醋酐催化剂的加入方式采用与乙酸预混合后再加入法。结果表明 :以填料塔为反应器进行反应精馏制氯乙酸是可行的且无二氯乙酸等深度氯化副产物的检出。