偏高岭土对预制混凝土路面材料耐久性能的影响

预制装配式混凝土路面因其养护时间短、维修方便、性能优异而发展迅速，但高温导致的膨胀应力造成混凝土内部裂纹的发生扩展，有害孔含量增加，造成预制混凝土耐久性能降低。本文通过加入偏高岭土作为辅助胶凝材料改善预制混凝土路面材料耐久性能，研究了不同掺量（0%、3%、6%、9%、12%）的偏高岭土对其力学和耐久性能的影响规律。研究表明，偏高岭土可以显著提高混凝土的强度、抗冻性和抗渗性能。     

掺偏高岭土免压蒸高强管桩混凝土的制备与性能研究

以偏高岭土、矿粉、粉煤灰为主要矿物掺合料,采用80℃常压蒸汽养护工艺进行高强管桩混凝土制备,研究了偏高岭土、矿粉、粉煤灰复合掺合料对混凝土力学性能和抗渗、抗冻等耐久性的影响,并采用压汞法分析了混凝土孔结构特征.结果表明,复掺偏高岭土、矿粉和粉煤灰能提高蒸养混凝土抗压强度,改善混凝土抗渗性和抗冻性,优化混凝土孔结构,所制备的免压蒸高强管桩混凝土强度达到C80等级,氯离子扩散系数低于2.0×10-12 m2/s,抗冻融循环次数大于400次.     

新型混凝土掺合料——高活性偏高岭土的研究进展

综述了偏高岭土在混凝土领域国内外的应用现状、研究进展。阐述了具有火山灰特性的偏高岭土在混凝土中的应用机理及其对混凝土微观和宏观性能的影响。     

偏高岭土和硅灰对混凝土性能影响的对比分析

分别采用0％、3％、6％、9％、12％的偏高岭土和硅灰取代水泥制备混凝土,对比研究了偏高岭土和硅灰对混凝土工作性、力学性能、耐久性和体积稳定性的影响.研究结果表明:偏高岭土和硅灰导致新拌混凝土坍落度的下降,含偏高岭土的新拌混凝土坍落度下降更明显;偏高岭土和硅灰均具有良好的促强作用,偏高岭土的早期促强作用更优,且对混凝土抗折强度的提高更显著;随着偏高岭土和硅灰掺量的增加,混凝土氯离子扩散系数显著下降,偏高岭土和硅灰对于混凝土抗氯离子渗透性的改善效果类似;偏高岭土和硅灰均降低了混凝土14 d龄期后的干缩,偏高岭土降低混凝土干缩的效果较硅灰更好.     

煤系偏高岭土对混凝土力学性能及微观结构的影响机理

将600目(23μm)和1 000目(13μm)煤系偏高岭土按照0%、5%、10%、15%(质量分数)的掺量分别掺入混凝土,通过强度测试、XRD、TG-DTG、SEM-EDS和氮吸附试验等研究了煤系偏高岭土细度和掺量对混凝土力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：偏高岭土的掺入显著提高了混凝土的力学性能,当偏高岭土细度为1 000目、掺量为15%时,混凝土的抗压强度最大,90 d抗压强度达到了81 MPa;水化产物主要由氢氧化钙、钙矾石、类水滑石及水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶等组成,掺入偏高岭土并未改变水化产物种类,但是增加了水化产物中C-S-H凝胶的产生量,同时降低了氢氧化钙的含量。偏高岭土与水泥水化产物氢氧化钙发生二次水化生成C-S-H凝胶,提高混凝土致密性,这是偏高岭土能够增强混凝土力学性能的主要原因。     

偏高岭土替代硅灰配制高性能混凝土

用偏高岭土和硅灰分别与粉煤灰和矿渣复掺配制高性能混凝土。通过对各组试样进行力学性能、耐久性能检测和微观结构分析,探讨偏高岭土替代硅灰作为活性矿物掺合料的可行性。研究了偏高岭土的工作性能,同时系统地研究了偏高岭土的掺入对高性能混凝土性能的影响。研究结果表明：经700～800℃热处理得到的偏高岭土结晶度很低,具有相当高的水化活性;偏高岭土替代硅灰作为高性能混凝土的活性掺合料,所配制的混凝土具有良好的力学性能和耐久性能。     

高强机制砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的试验研究

通过偏高岭土和硅灰分别与粉煤灰双掺,使用机制砂混凝土调节剂,在机制砂级配不良,胶材用量仅为500 kg/m3,水胶比高达0.33的情况下配制出C80高强机制砂混凝土,并研究了调节剂、细集料类型、偏高岭土掺量、硅灰掺量对机制砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,适量调节剂可改善机制砂混凝土的工作性,并提高其抗压强度;机制砂对混凝土的工作性有不利影响,但对其劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度均有所提高;偏高岭土和硅灰对机制砂混凝土的工作性及力学性能影响显著,随着其掺量的增加,机制砂混凝土的包裹性、和易性提高,而坍落度、扩展度、流动性减小,抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势.     

偏高岭土对高流动性钢纤维混凝土早期力学性能和细观结构的影响

为了提高泵送混凝土流动性及早期力学性能,降低水泥用量,本文研究了高流动性偏高岭土和钢纤维复合混凝土的流动性、抗压和抗拉强度、弹性模量、破坏形态和微观结构,并在此基础上评价了偏高岭土和钢纤维对混凝土性能的影响。结果表明,随着钢纤维和偏高岭土含量的增加,浆体的流动性降低,偏高岭土影响更加显著。偏高岭土提高了钢纤维混凝土养护7 d后的抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量,钢纤维对残余拉伸强度和裂纹扩展有明显的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察与X射线衍射(XRD)分析,偏高岭土的添加使试样内部产生了更稳定的水化硅酸钙(CSH)凝胶、单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm)和高硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFt)等物质。这些产物减少了孔隙和缺陷的产生,增强了界面过渡区的粘结力。由于偏高岭土和钢纤维对和易性的影响机制分别为增加黏度和提升浆体的抗剪切能力,本质上都为阻碍各组分的相对运动,所以二者在降低混凝土流动性方面具有耦合作用。偏高岭土与钢纤维影响混凝土力学性能的阶段不同,前者在未开裂阶段,后者在开裂阶段。     

改性偏高岭土复合粉煤灰对混凝土抗渗性能的影响

将经改性的偏高岭土(MMK)与超细粉煤灰(FA)复合,以低于10％的总掺量内掺到混凝土中,研究了掺入前后和不同掺量对混凝土的工作性能、力学性能、电通量和氯离子扩散系数的影响.并运用压汞、TG-DSC耦合分析和SEM照片等方法,对其影响机理进行了探讨.结果表明:低掺量改性偏高岭土复合粉煤灰对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能有显著的改善;对混凝土工作性能影响较小,能提高混凝土各龄期抗压强度;可以优化混凝土的孔结构和水泥石-集科界面过渡区.     

双掺粉煤灰及偏高岭土对混凝土性能的影响研究

通过测试混凝土抗压强度、劈拉强度、抗渗、抗碳化、抗冻性能,研究了粉煤灰和偏高岭土单掺、复掺时对混凝土性能的影响。同时分析了粉煤灰和偏高岭土对混凝土性能的作用机理。研究结果表明:当粉煤灰掺量为胶凝材料的15%、偏高岭土掺量为胶凝材料的12%,相比普通混凝土,复掺粉煤灰及偏高岭土混凝土28d抗压强度提高了15.8%、劈拉强度提高了20.4%、渗透系数降低了69.1%、碳化深度降低了29.3%,200次冻融循环后,相对动弹性模量提高了33.1%、混凝土质量损失降低了43.8%。复掺粉煤灰及偏高岭土适用于制备高性能混凝土。     

Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins: strength development of metakaolin concrete and evaluation by means of k-value

In this paper, the effect of metakaolin on concrete properties is investigated. A poor Greek kaolin was thermally treated at defined conditions, and the produced metakaolin was superfine ground. In addition, a commercial metakaolin of high purity was used. Eight mixture proportions were used to produce high-performance concrete, where metakaolin replaced either cement or sand in percentages of 10% or 20% by weight of the control cement content. The strength development of metakaolin concrete was evaluated using the efficiency factor (k-value). The produced metakaolin as well as the commercial one imparts a similar behavior with respect to the concrete strength. Both metakaolins exhibit very high k-values (close to 3.0 at 28 days) and are characterised as highly reactive pozzolanic materials that can lead to concrete production with an excellent performance.     

Effect of metakaolin dispersion on the fresh and hardened state properties of concrete

The use of pozzolanic materials such as metakaolin in mortars and concretes is growing. Their use is usually related to the promotion of hydraulic binder reactions or to the mitigation of expansive reactions that can occur in concrete. Introduction of fine particles such as metakaolins, can have a strong effect on fresh and hardened state properties. This paper aims to study the effect of metakaolin in concrete formulations with a preset workability and to assess the system rheology but also its hardened state properties such as mechanical strength. The effect that the dispersion of metakaolin particles induces on concrete microstructure, particularly in porosity, is discussed. Formulations were prepared with several metakaolin amounts and workability was controlled either with water or a high range water reducer admixture (HRWRA). The use of HRWRA can cause deflocculation of metakaolin particles, allowing workability control in concrete and leading to better efficiency and improved performance.     

偏高岭土-水泥基材料力学性能研究进展

在配制水泥基材料过程中,利用活性材料替代部分水泥,可提高基体的力学和耐久性能,同时还可减少水泥用量,对节能减排有重大帮助.近年来偏高岭土(MK)活性材料开始受到广泛关注和研究,其对水泥基材料性能的影响研究也有重大进展.主要综述了MK对水泥基材料力学性能的影响研究进展,主要包括含杂质煅烧高龄粘土以及纯MK对砂浆和混凝土的早期和后期力学性能影响,MK与石灰石粉(LF)复掺对水泥基材料力学性能以及MK对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的力学性能影响,最后对MK-水泥基材料的未来研究方向进行了展望.     

偏高岭土对预制混凝土路面材料耐久性能影响的微观分析*

预制装配式混凝土路面因其养护时间短、维修方便、性能优异而发展迅速,但高温导致的膨胀应力造成混凝土内部裂纹的发生扩展,有害孔含量增加,造成预制混凝土耐久性能降低。而以偏高岭土作为辅助胶凝材料可显著改善预制混凝土路面材料的耐久性能。本文通过XRD和扫描电子显微镜研究了不同掺量（0%、9%）偏高岭土的净浆和混凝土的物相组成和微观形貌差异,对其改性机理进行了探讨。研究表明,偏高岭土在水化过程中能发挥火山灰活性和填充作用,提高水化产物的密实度,消除高温导致的微裂纹,改善界面过渡区结构,降低混凝土孔隙率。     

辅助胶凝材料对预应力高强混凝土管桩强度及工艺的影响

为优化混凝土管桩生产工艺,以硅灰(SF)和偏高岭土(MK)作为辅助胶凝材料,研究硅灰和偏高岭土对不同蒸养时间下混凝土抗压强度的影响,并使用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描式电子显微镜结合能量色散谱(SEM-EDS)分析其水化产物及微观结构。通过Design-Expert8.0软件设计Box-Behnken试验,以硅灰掺量、偏高岭土掺量和蒸养时间三个因素为自变量,蒸养混凝土抗压强度为响应值,构建多因素回归方程模型。结果表明:硅灰掺量为胶凝材料质量分数8%时,对抗压强度略有提高,提高幅度为6.2%,达到83.6 MPa;5%、8%和10%(质量分数)掺量的偏高岭土均可提高蒸养混凝土的抗压强度,蒸养4 h、8 h、12 h时,10%掺量的偏高岭土对混凝土抗压强度的提升幅度依次为15.6%、13.2%和13.6%,蒸养4 h、8 h和12 h对混凝土抗压强度影响不大。XRD和SEM-EDS结果表明,硅灰和偏高岭土均消耗了Ca(OH)₂,提升了水泥早期水化程度,可以改善内部孔结构。通过响应面法建立模型可以预测,当硅灰质量分数为6.6%、偏高岭土质量分数为10%、蒸养时间为8.6 h时,混凝土抗压强度最高,达到104.8 MPa,且具有较高置信度。     

偏高岭土火山灰活性的研究与利用

本文综述了偏高岭土火山灰活性扔研究进展，如水化产物、影响活性的因素对水泥混凝土结构一性能的影响，并介绍了在胶凝中的应用，对其应用前景作了展望。     

偏高岭土高性能混凝土抗压强度预测研究

以水胶比、用水量、砂率、水泥强度、水泥用量以及偏高岭土、矿粉和粉煤灰用量为输入向量,采用SPSS回归方程分析和基于Levenberg-Marquart算法的BP神经元网络预测模型对偏高岭土高性能混凝土的抗压强度进行了预测研究,并与试验值进行了对比.结果表明:与SPSS回归方程分析预测结果相比,BP神经元网络预测值与实测值线性拟合度高,拟合值为0.997,两者之比的平均值和标准差分别为0.999和0.010,网络预测最大相对误差不超过2.1%,模型预测精度高,结果可靠,为偏高岭土高性能混凝土的抗压强度预测提供了指导依据.     

Behaviour of limecrete under fire conditions

Hydraulic lime concrete (limecrete) is a material that has a lower environmental impact than that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and, consequently, may be increasingly used in some construction applications. Because of its reduced strength, pozzolanic materials, such as metakaolin, are commonly used to improve its strength and durability. Simultaneously, to the increased interest in more sustainable materials, the fire behaviour of materials has also deserved an increased attention during the last years because of some important disasters that occurred. In this study, the fire behaviour of limecrete has been investigated. To increase limecrete performance, hydraulic lime has been replaced by metakaolin in different percentages. Fire tests at different temperatures (200, 400, 600 and 830°C) and different durations (30 and 60 min) have been performed and the residual strength and chemical changes using X‐ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis techniques were investigated. It became apparent that a 20% replacement of hydraulic lime by metakaolin leads to an improved performance at room temperature and fire loading. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review

Supplementary cementing materials (SCM) have become an integral part of high strength and high performance concrete mix design. These may be naturally occurring materials, industrial wastes, or byproducts or the ones requiring less energy to manufacture. Some of the commonly used supplementary cementing materials are fly ash, silica fume (SF), granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash (RHA) and metakaolin (MK), etc. Metakaolin is obtained by the calcination of kaolinite. It is being used very commonly as pozzolanic material in mortar and concrete, and has exhibited considerable influence in enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of mortar and concrete. This paper presents an overview of the work carried out on the use of MK as partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete. Properties reported in this paper are the fresh mortar/concrete properties, mechanical and durability properties.