离子液体对气体的溶解性研究进展

概述了不同离子液体对CO2,O2,SO2,CH4等以及烯烃和烷烃气体的溶解性。文献资料分析表明,气体在离子液体中的溶解性差别很大,离子液体中的阴离子对气体的溶解度影响较大,而阳离子的影响较小。大部分气体在离子液体中的亨利系数随温度的升高而增大。气体在[bmim][PF6]中的溶解度比在[bmim][BF4]中的稍大。低温时[bmim][PF4]离子液体对CO2气体的吸收效果较好;[hmim][Tf2N]离子液体对SO2气体的吸收较好。在将离子液体用于气体吸收时可优先考虑Tf2N^-阴离子和具有较长侧链的眯唑型离子液体。     

离子液体对气体的溶解性研究进展

概述了不同离子液体对CO2,O2,SO2,CH4等以及烯烃和烷烃气体的溶解性。文献资料分析表明,气体在离子液体中的溶解性差别很大,离子液体中的阴离子对气体的溶解度影响较大,而阳离子的影响较小。大部分气体在离子液体中的亨利系数随温度的升高而增大。气体在[bmim][PF6]中的溶解度比在[bmim][BF4]中的稍大。低温时[bmim][PF4]离子液体对CO2气体的吸收效果较好;[hmim][Tf2N]离子液体对SO2气体的吸收较好。在将离子液体用于气体吸收时可优先考虑Tf2N^-阴离子和具有较长侧链的咪唑型离子液体。     

[bmim][BF_4]、[bmim][PF_6]离子液体及其与DMF二元体系在293.15～338.15K下的粘度

为获得离子液体与有机物物理性质的数据,常压下,293.15～338.15 K温度范围内,分别测定了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[bmim][BF4]）、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[bmim][PF6]）2种咪唑类离子液体以及它们和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）构成的2个二元体系的粘度,采用Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher（VFT）方程和Arrhenius-like方程对所测粘度数据进行关联。结果表明,同一温度下,3种纯溶液粘度大小顺序依次为：DMF〈[bmim][BF4]〈[bmim][PF6]。[bmim][BF4]、[bmim][PF6]离子液体及其与DMF构成的二元体系的粘度均随着温度的升高和DMF摩尔分率的增加而降低。实验条件下,DMF＋[bmim][BF4]和DMF＋[bmim][PF6]二元体系的粘度变化范围分别为1.26～125.5 MPa·s和1.11～165.7 MPa·s。VFT方程对于DMF-[bmim][BF4]与DMF-[bmim][PF6]体系的关联结果比Arrhenius-like方程较好,其总平均绝对误差、总平均相对误差、以及总平均标准方差分别为0.561 9 MPa·s和0.918 6 MPa·s、0.026 8 MPa·s和0.020 9 MPa·s、0.725 5 MPa·s和1.125 1 MPa·s。     

离子液体-水体系的相平衡

通过对1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim][PF4])离子液体 水体系相平衡及NaCl、NaBF4和氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Cl)对离子液体 水体系相平衡的影响进行了研究,结果表明: 离子液体[bmim][BF4] H2O二元体系具有典型的最高上临界溶解温度(UCST)行为,其最高上临界温度为5.3℃左右,临界组成为50%(水的质量分数); NaCl和NaBF4降低 [bmim][BF4] H2O体系的混溶性,而[bmim]Cl增加该体系的混溶性.由此得到一种简单定性地判断离子液体[bmim][BF4]中可能存在的杂质种类和水平的方法,并利用此结果可设计纯化该离子液体的绿色工艺.     

[bmim][PF6]-DMF-水三元体系的液液相平衡测定

为得到含N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)废水中萃取回收DMF工艺所需的基础数据,用液液平衡釜常压下测定了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim][PF6)离子液体-DMF-H2O三元体系在283.15～323.15 K下的液液分层曲线和液液相平衡数据.在此基础上,考察了三元体系中DMF和[bmim][PF6]离子液体的含量以及温度对[bmim][PF6]的选择性系数的影响.实验结果表明,液液平衡相图中两相区面积随温度升高而减小;相同温度下,[bmim][PF6]的选择性系数随着三元体系中DMF的含量增加而减小,随着离子液体用量增加而增大;溶液组成一定时,[bmim][PF6]的选择性系数随着温度升高而减小;当DMF的含量大于10％时,温度对选择性系数影响不大;283.15 K,三元体系中DMF的质量分数为2.04％时,选择性系数可达33.62,[bmim][PF6]用于萃取分离水中的DMF可行.     

咪唑类离子液体对苯系挥发性有机物脱除性能的研究

为研究咪唑类离子液体吸收甲苯的性能,考察了甲苯体积分数、吸收温度、N₂进气速度和离子液体流量等对吸收甲苯性能的影响,并评价了离子液体的再生性能。结果表明,[Emim][Tf₂N]、[Bmim][Tf₂N]和[Omim][Tf₂N]这3种离子液体对甲苯的吸收率均在90%以上,且阳离子碳链越长,对甲苯的吸收率越高,3种离子液体对甲苯的吸收率大小为:[Omim][Tf₂N]>[Bmim][Tf₂N]>[Emim][Tf₂N]。甲苯体积分数为3 113μL/L、N₂进气速度为50 mL/min、离子液体流量为15 mL/min和吸收温度为20℃的条件下,离子液体对甲苯的吸收率最高。离子液体在140℃、5 066 Pa下干燥再生5次后性能基本稳定。     

离子液体[bmim][Tf2N]的分子动力学模拟

建立了离子液体1-正丁基3-甲基咪唑双（三氟甲基磺酰基）酰亚胺（[bmim][Tf₂N]）的全原子模型,并分别在五种不同的温度和五种不同的压力下对其进行了分子动力学模拟。将[bmim][Tf₂N]密度的模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好,验证了模型准确性。此外,还对[bmim][Tf₂N]内部的相互作用能随温度和压力的变化规律进行了分析,结果表明：离子液体内部的库仑能、范德华能、长程作用能均随温度的升高而增加,系统达到平衡所需时间随之变短;相对温度而言,压力对离子液体内部相互作用能的影响较小;在各种相互作用能中,范德华能随温度和压力的变化最大;温度和压力对离子液体的构型不会产生影响。     

用于CO_2分离的[bmim][Tf_2N]-PAN共混膜制备及性能

咪唑类离子液体对CO2有良好的溶解性,利用其进行气体分离可以同时提高膜对CO2的选择性和渗透性。利用1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺([bmim][Tf2N])离子液体对CO2具有较高的溶解选择性,将[bmim][Tf2N]和聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混制备膜液,涂覆在聚丙烯(PP)支撑层上,利用溶剂蒸发法制备共混复合膜。结果表明,[bmim][Tf2N]的添加对复合膜气体分离性能有明显提高,在离子液体质量分数达到50%后,离子液体逐渐变为连续相,增加了CO2气体的传递通道;气体渗透性能显示其CO2渗透速率可达34.76 GPU,CO2/N2和CO2/CH4理想选择性分别可达49.51和25.14;在随后改变操作压力和测试温度的实验中发现,增大跨膜压差和测试温度均有利于复合膜渗透速率的提升。     

离子液体支撑液膜的CO2/CH4分离性能

由于离子液体对CO₂具有较好的溶解选择性,离子液体支撑液膜分离CO₂越来越受到关注。比较了含3种不同阴离子的常规离子液体([bmim][BF₄]、[bmim][PF₆]、[bmim][Tf₂N])作为支撑液膜的液膜相分离CO₂/CH₄的性能,考察了咪唑环上烷基链长对离子液体支撑液膜性能的影响。考虑向离子液体中引入胺基和羧基等亲CO₂基团,制备了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑丙氨酸离子液体([bmim][β-Ala]),考察了 [bmim][β-Ala]支撑液膜分离CO₂/CH₄的性能,并对在CO₂渗透测试前后的支撑液膜进行了FT-IR分析,发现氨基酸离子液体中的-NH₂和CO₂的较强作用以及该离子液体的高黏性影响了CO₂的透过性,使[Bmim][β-Ala]支撑液膜的CO₂透过率低。     

胆碱脯氨酸/RTILs支撑液膜的CO_2/N_2分离性能

选用不同种类的室温型离子液体(RTILs)与胆碱脯氨酸离子液体进行混合分别制得[Choline][Pro]/[EMIm][N(CN)_2]、[Choline][Pro]/[bmim][PF_6]以及[Choline][Pro]/[HMIm][NTf_2]混合离子液体,并将其应用于离子液体支撑液膜(SILMs)。考察操作温度、操作压差、RTILs种类和含量对SILMs分离CO_2/N_2性能的影响。结果表明胆碱脯氨酸/RTILs系列SILMs的CO_2通量在343.3~1936.9 barrer之间变化并且CO_2/N_2选择性为10.3~34.8。对CO_2膜过程内在机制探索表明随着[HMIm][NTf2]离子液体在混合离子液体中比例的增加,总阻力1/Kμ会呈现先降低后升高的趋势。与实验现象中随着[HMIm][NTf2]离子液体在混合离子液体中比例的增加CO_2先升高后降低相符。     

二氧化硫和二氧化碳在离子液体支撑液膜中的渗透率和选择性

Permeabilities and selectivities of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4) in six imidazolium-based ionic liquids ([emim][BF4], [bmim][BF4], [bmim][PF6], [hmim][BF4], [bmim][Tf2N] and [emim][CF3SO3]) supported on polyethersulfone microfiltration membranes are investigated in a single gas feed system using nitrogen as the environment and reference component at temperature from 25 to 45ºC and pressure of N2 from 100 to 400 kPa. It is found that SO2 has the highest permeability in the tested supported ionic liquid membranes, being an order of magnitude higher than that of CO2, and about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than those of N2 and CH4. The observed selectivity of SO2 over the two ordinary gas components is also striking. It is shown experimentally that the dissolution and transport of gas components in the supported ionic liq-uid membranes, as well as the nature of ionic liquids play important roles in the gas permeation. A nonlinear in-crease of permeation rate with temperature and operation pressure is also observed for all sample gases. By considering the factors that influence the permeabilities and selectivities of CO2 and SO2, it is expected to develop an optimal supported ionic liquid membrane technology for the isolation of acidic gases in the near future.     

Molecular dynamics simulation for the binary mixtures of high pressure carbon dioxide and ionic liquids简

Molecular dynamics simulation with an all-atom force field has been carded out on the two binary sys- tems of [bmim][PF6]-CO2 and [bmim][NO3]-CO2 to study the transport properties, volume expansion and micro- structures. It was found that addition of CO2 in the liquid phase can greatly decrease the viscosity of ionic liquids （ILs） and increase their diffusion coefficient obviously. Furthermore, the volume expansion of ionic liquids was found to increase with the increase of the mole fraction of CO2 in the liquid phase but less than 35% for the two simulated systems, which had a significant difference with CO2 expanded organic solvents. The main reason was that there were some void spaces inter and intra the molecules of ionic liquids. Finally, site to site radial distribution functions and corresponding number integrals were investigated and it was found that the change of microstructures of ILs bv addition CO2 had a great influence on the orooerties of ILs.     

Densities and surface tensions of ionic liquids/sulfuric acid binary mixtures

The densities and surface tensions of [Bmim][TFO]/H_2SO_4, [Hmim][TFO]/H_2SO_4 and [Omim][TFO]/H_2SO_4 binary mixtures were measured by pycnometer and Wilhelmy plate method respectively. The results show that densities and surface tensions of the mixtures decreased monotonously with increasing temperatures and increasing ionic liquid(IL) molar fraction. IL with longer alkyl side-chain length brings a lower density and a smaller surface tension to the ILs/H_2SO_4 binary mixtures. The densities and surface tensions of the mixtures are fitted well by Jouyban–Acree(JAM) model and LWW model respectively. Redlich-Kister(R–K) equation and modified Redlich-Kister(R–K) equation describe the excess molar volumes and excess surface tensions of the mixtures well respectively. Adding a small amount of ILs(xILb 0.1) into sulfuric acid brings an obvious decrease to the density and the surface tension. The results imply that the densities and surface tensions of ILs/H_2SO_4 binary mixtures can be modulated by changing the IL dosage or tailoring the IL structure.     

Metathesis of Fatty Acid ester derivatives in 1,1-dialkyl and 1,2,3-trialkyl imidazolium type ionic liquids

The self-metathesis of methyl oleate and methyl ricinoleate was carried out in the presence of ruthenium alkylidene catalysts 1-4 in [bmim] and [bdmim][X] type ionic liquids (RTILs) (X = PF(6) (-), BF(4) (-) and NTf(2) (-)) using the gas chromatographic technique. Best catalytic performance was obtained in [bdmim][X] type ionic liquids when compared with [bmim][X] type ionic liquids. Catalyst recycling studies were also carried out in the room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with catalysts 1-4 in order to explore their possible industrial application.     

Purification of ionic liquids by supercritical CO2 monitored by infrared spectroscopy

Transmission infrared and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) in situ infrared spectroscopies were combined for the time-resolved monitoring of both liquid and supercritical phases during extraction of water and other impurities from ionic liquids with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). Cleaning and drying by scCO₂ at 100 bar and 40 °C proved to be efficient for all ionic liquids tested, including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF₄]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF₆]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethansulfonate ([bmim][TfO] or [bmim] triflate). Despite the moderate solubility of water in scCO₂ compared to other classical solvents, the amount of water decreased continuously during the drying. The extraction could be followed by simple transmission IR spectroscopy of the supercritical phase. During the extraction, organic impurities and water were removed rapidly from the ionic liquid phase as scCO₂ improved the transport properties in the ionic liquids.     

Effects of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic systems

The separation of methanol(MeOH) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is important but difficult due to the formation of an azeotropic mixture. In this work, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data for the ternary systems containing different imidazolium–based ionic liquids(ILs), i.e. MeOH + DMC + 1-butyl-3-methy-limidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide([Bmim][Tf_2N]), MeOH + DMC + 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide([Emim][Tf_2N]), and MeOH + DMC + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([Emim][PF6])) were measured at 101.3 kPa. The mole fraction of IL was varied from0.05 to 0.20. The experimental data were correlated with the NRTL and Wilson equations, respectively. The results show that imidazolium-based ILs were beneficial to improve the relative volatility of MeOH to DMC,and [Bmim][Tf_2 N] showed a much more excellent performance on the activity coefficient of MeOH. The interaction energies of system components were calculated using Gaussian program, and the effects of cation and anion on the separation coefficient of the azeotropic system were discussed.     

Physical and electrochemical properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide,and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate

The density, viscosity, refractive index, heat capacity, heat of dilution, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim][Br]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([bmim][I]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF₄]) were measured at room temperature or over a temperature range of 293.2 to 323.2 K. The density and refractive index values of [bmim][I] appeared to be the highest among three ionic liquids (ILs). However, the experimental viscosity values of [bmim][Br] were higher than those of [bmim][BF₄], while the heat capacities and heats of dilution of [bmim][BF₄] were higher than those of [bmim][Br]. The cyclic voltammogram of [bmim][br] and [bmim][BF₄] indicated electrochemical windows in the stability range from 2.7 V of [bmim][[Br] to 4.7 V of [bmim][BF₄].     

固载氨基化离子液体的制备及其对CO2的吸附性能

利用浸渍法将[NH₃P-mim][BF₄]和[MEA]L两种离子液体负载到AC、Al₂O₃和MCM-41上,考察了对CO₂的吸附性能,确定了[NH₃P-mim][BF₄]/AC对CO₂的吸附性能最优。并对[NH₃P-mim][BF₄]/AC考察了不同负载量、不同温度下对CO₂的吸附性能,确定了固载离子液体对CO₂的吸附容量随着负载量的增加而增加,且30℃是固载离子液体吸附CO₂的最佳温度,吸附容量达到0.063 mmol CO₂·(g SILP)^-1。对[NH₃P-mim][BF₄]/AC进行红外和热重两种表征,确定了负载离子液体的结构以及在50℃以下优良的热稳定性。