淀粉/聚乙烯醇活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装应用中的研究进展

综述了淀粉/聚乙烯醇（PVA）活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装中的研究进展，主要对从不同比例共混、疏水改性、增强改性等方面对淀粉/PVA薄膜的改性研究，从功能特性和活性物质对薄膜性能的影响2个方面对淀粉/PVA活性薄膜研究和薄膜在食品包装中的应用3个方面进行了归纳总结，旨在为以淀粉/PVA为基材的活性包装薄膜研究提供参考。     

PLA/α-生育酚抗氧化包装薄膜的制备及其性能研究

制备了纯聚乳酸(PLA)薄膜、特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)-邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)-PLA薄膜(TDP薄膜)、α-生育酚-TBHQ/DOP/PLA薄膜(αTDP薄膜)三种薄膜,并对比了三种薄膜在抗氧化性、透氧性能、水蒸气透过性、热性能和力学性能方面的差异。红外证明了纯PLA薄膜、TDP薄膜和αTDP薄膜的成功合成,三种薄膜在热重以及表面形貌方面差异不大。TDP薄膜由于TBHQ的存在而具有一定的抗氧化活性,但在添加了α-生育酚之后,αTDP薄膜抗氧化活性得到了显著的提高,能够达到89.8%。将DOP添加到纯PLA薄膜中可降低薄膜的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。TDP薄膜和αTDP薄膜的Tg在51°C左右,而纯PLA薄膜的Tg约为67°C。将α-生育酚掺入TDP薄膜中,增加了αTDP薄膜的水蒸气透过率和断裂伸长率,降低了αTDP薄膜的透氧性,但依旧表现良好。总体来说,α-生育酚的加入能够显著提高PLA薄膜的抗氧化性且对PLA薄膜的拉伸强度影响不大,却能够有效提高薄膜的断裂伸长率。     

MCM-41表面基团对α-生育酚/MCM-41/LDPE薄膜性能的影响

先采用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、三甲基氯硅烷、N-辛基三甲氧基硅烷等硅烷偶联剂对MCM-41介孔材料进行氨基和不同长度的烷基链后嫁接处理,然后将天然抗氧化剂α-生育酚负载于表面修饰前后的MCM-41,再与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)熔融共混制备抗氧化活性食品包装膜。对α-生育酚/MCM-41组装体及活性膜的性能进行表征分析,研究表面修饰前后不同表面基团对活性膜微观形貌、结晶性的影响;此外,通过迁移试验研究MCM-41表面修饰对薄膜控释性能的影响,开发具有不同控释行为的抗氧化活性薄膜。结果表明,疏水性基团的嫁接提高了组装体在非极性聚合物基质中分布的均一性;由于MCM-41表面嫁接了有机官能团,聚合物的结晶度得到提高;烷基链长度增加,α-生育酚在活性膜中的释放速率减缓,嫁接氨丙基的MCM-41对α-生育酚的缓释效果最明显,释放速率相较于未嫁接以前降低了约71%。     

食品包装用LDPE／LDPE／nano-TiO2复合抗菌薄膜的研究

研究了食品包装用LLDPE/LDPE/nano-TiO2复合抗苗薄膜的性能。采用流变仪对复合体系熔体的流变行为进行了研究，以SEM表征nano-TiO2粒子在复合薄膜中的分散性，并对复合薄膜的光学性能和抗菌效果进行了评价。结果表明，以高流动性LDPE为基体的纳米TiO2母料具有良好的流动性；复台薄膜中的纳米TiO2分散均匀；在实验范围内（TiO2含量≤10％(wt)，复合薄膜的透光度基本不变，对紫外光具有较强吸收，纳米含量为0.5％（wt）的复合薄膜就具有了良好的抗菌效果。     

天然产物抗氧化活性的常见评价方法

天然产物抗氧化活性的评价是天然产物研究的重要组成部分,对其在日化领域的开发应用具有显著的指导意义。本文从实验原理、实验方法等方面对天然产物抗氧化活性的常见评价方法进行综述,详细介绍了化学分析法中的自由基(ABTS自由基阳离子、DPPH自由基、超氧自由基、羟自由基)清除实验、脂质过氧化抑制实验、还原能力测定及脂质氧化抑制等评价方法;描述了以生物细胞为模型的CAA抗氧评价方法;概述了在动物体内进行的抗氧化活性评价方法及指标,为相关领域中抗氧化天然产物的研究和开发提供实验理论基础。     

近红外光响应聚乳酸薄膜的制备及其性能研究

采用了层层自主装沉积技术制备了具有近红外光响应的聚乳酸/硫酸软骨素/金(PLA/CS/Au)薄膜,并研究了纳米金在PLA/CS表面的分布情况及激光功率对PLA/CS/Au薄膜的影响。FTIR光谱证实了PLA/CS的成功合成。TG分析中,PLA/CS/Au薄膜中纳米金的含量大致在5%,验证了PLA/CS/Au薄膜的成功合成。TEM表明纳米金仅存在于PLA/CS薄膜表面,而且纳米金对PLA/CS薄膜具有稳定的附着性。近红外光响应测试表明,可以通过调节激光功率对PLA/CS/Au薄膜进行激光活化以释放或去除薄膜的上涂层,并且随着激光功率的升高,纳米金对薄膜的破坏程度也随之提高。     

纳米复合包装材料的研究与应用进展

综述了纳米复合包装材料的特点及其在食品包装领域的应用,介绍了纳米复合包装材料特有的保鲜性、抗菌性、高阻隔性等性能的研究和应用现状,并对纳米复合包装材料的安全性进行了分析评价。     

国外有关塑料助剂研究的期刊文摘

正基于甲基纤维素和天然浆果提取物的抗氧化交联薄膜用于食品包装(Carbohydrate Polymers,2016,136:1052-1060)基于可降解高分子材料和天然植物提取物开发抗氧化、抗微生物的食品包装材料具有多重优势,如降低合成添加剂想食品的迁移、减少塑料废品、保护食品免遭微生物和氧化反应的侵害等。基于这一思路,本文利用甲基纤维素(MC)和一种智利马奇浆果提取物作为抗氧化剂来源制备了一种活性薄膜作为食品包装。同时,利用MC高度亲水的特性,将这一高分子利用戊二醛(GA)进行了不     

琼榄提取物的抗氧化及抗菌活性初步研究

为研究琼榄的药用活性成分,更好地开发和利用琼榄资源,对琼榄根、茎、叶的5种不同溶剂提取物分别采用清除DPPH自由基法和滤纸片扩散法进行抗氧化及抗菌活性研究。结果表明,琼榄叶的乙酸乙酯提取物（L-EtOAc）清除DPPH自由基的IC50最小,为154.1μg/mL,是15组提取样品中清除自由基活性最强的部位。琼榄根、茎、叶的15组提取物对5种供试菌均具有不同程度的抑菌活性,且以琼榄叶的乙酸乙酯提取部位对5种供试菌的抑菌作用均较强,特别是对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用和阳性对照品头孢他啶的抑菌作用接近。因此,琼榄叶部位的抗氧化和抗菌活性最强,且活性物质在乙酸乙酯部位,L-EtOAc为有效提取部位。     

PLA/nano-TiO_2复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用流延成膜法,通过向聚乳酸(PLA)体系中添加无机抗菌剂纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO_2)共混制备得到PLA/nano-TiO_2复合膜。为研究nano-TiO_2的含量对PLA膜的性能的影响,测定了纯PLA膜及不同质量分数的PLA/nano-TiO_2复合膜的密度、色度、溶解率、力学性能、抗菌性能、水蒸气透过量等性能指标,并通过傅里叶红外光谱分析了其官能团变化,对比研究其实际应用价值。结果表明,由于nano-TiO_2的加入,复合膜的密度、溶解率、拉伸强度均有一定降低,但色度、抗菌性能、水蒸气透过量及断裂伸长率都呈明显升高趋势。当nano-TiO_2质量分数为1%时,透湿性最低为纯PLA膜的(132.1±10.0)%。PLA/3%nano-TiO_2复合膜的抗菌性最佳,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径大小分别是(4.86±0.50)mm和(5.98±0.77)mm。PLA/2%nano-TiO_2复合膜的色度达到最大值7.52±1.05,是纯PLA膜的(306.5±30.8)%。PLA/4%nano-TiO_2复合膜有最高的断裂伸长率为(62.7±5.70)%。综合来看,PLA/2%nano-TiO_2复合膜具有最佳的性能参数。将PLA与nano-TiO_2复合,可以明显改善PLA膜的各方面性能,使其更有望用于食品包装领域。     

The influence of cinnamon and litsea cubeba essential oils on methylcellulose films

The aim of this study was to prepare active, biodegradable methylcellulose films and evaluate their properties after incorporating cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and litsea cubeba (Litsea cubeba) essential oils. The properties of the methylcellulose films were modified with the addition of essential oils. The surfaces were smooth and homogeneous in all samples. The film with cinnamon oil showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the film with litsea cubeba showed higher antioxidant activity against ABTS radical. The biodegradation time of the films in black sand and beach soil was 20 days. The films produced that presented the highest potential to become active packaging were the film with litsea cubabe oil as antioxidant packaging and the film with cinnamon oil as antibacterial packaging.     

Anthocyanins/chitosan films doped by nano zinc oxide for active and intelligent packaging: comparison of anthocyanins source from purple tomato or black wolfberry

The multifunctional films was prepared by blending chitosan and nano-ZnO with purple tomato anthocyanins or black wolfberry anthocyanins. The properties of films functioned by anthocyanins source and nano-ZnO content were studied. It was found purple tomato anthocyanins showed more significant color change against pH than black wolfberry anthocyanins. The nano-ZnO were widely dispersed in matrix and enhanced the compatibility of anthocyanins with chitosan. However, the anthocyanins source influenced the properties of the films more slightly than nano-ZnO addition. The tensile strength, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of the chitosan films dramatically increased after cooperated by nano-ZnO and anthocyanins, which also enhanced with increase of nano-ZnO content, whereas the elongation at break of the composite films decreased. Especially, the anthocyanin and nano-ZnO promoted the antibacterial activity of films synergistically. Composite films made from black wolfberry anthocyanins exhibited higher mechanical performance than those made from purple tomato anthocyanins but weaker antibacterial effects. The purple tomato anthocyanins/chitosan and nano-ZnO/purple tomato anthocyanins/chitosan films effectively reflected pork spoilage, changing their colors from dark green to brown, indicating the potential for applications in active and intelligent food packaging.     

防雾抗菌包装薄膜及其在果蔬保鲜中应用的研究进展

综述了防雾包装薄膜和防雾抗菌包装薄膜的防雾原理和制备方法,详细介绍了防雾包装材料的3种制备方法,包括利用防雾剂改性、覆盖光敏材料涂层和使用亲水性基材等;总结了防雾包装薄膜和防雾抗菌包装薄膜在果蔬保鲜中应用的研究进展;最后,对防雾抗菌包装材料的制备和应用发展前景进行了展望。     

不同粒径氧化锌以及改性纳米氧化锌对多功能PBAT复合膜的影响

采用溶剂铸膜法制备了聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）/聚乳酸（PLA）/对苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOTP）/氧化锌（ZnO）复合膜材料,并通过硬脂酸改性纳米ZnO,探讨了不同粒径ZnO以及改性纳米ZnO对复合薄膜力学性能、热性能、疏水性能、耐抽出性能以及抗菌性能的影响。结果表明,通过硬脂酸代替纳米ZnO表面的羟基极性基团,复合膜的耐抽出性能提高。硬脂酸的长链烷基与高分子链的链纠缠改善了改性纳米ZnO与PBAT的相容性。随着ZnO粒径的减小以及改性纳米ZnO含量的增大,复合薄膜的热性能有所下降,但耐抽出性能提高。拉伸强度提高,最高达到13.8 MPa。复合膜的疏水性能得到改善,接触角最高达到110°,复合膜材料的抑菌区域增大,抗菌性能有所增强。     

纯亲水自组装体构建抗菌纳米材料

以纯亲水无规共聚物poly（DMAEMA-co-AA）在纯水相中诱导自组装，构建出可用于负载抗菌活性成分的纳米自组装体。结果表明，当AA 链段质量分数为51.6 %时poly（DMAEMA-co-AA）在水中更倾向于形成球状与多孔球状自组装体；另外，随着pH值的升高，自组装体表现出“呼吸”作用，从小尺寸的球状逐步膨胀为多孔球状自组装体，可稳定负载85 %以上抗菌成分（对羟基苯甲酸乙酯钠）构建抗菌纳米材料，得到对数抗菌值高于4.4的抗菌材料，用于抗菌包装后常温食品存储的时间显著延长。     

Development of poly(lactic acid) films with propolis as a source of active compounds: Biodegradability,physical, and functional properties

Active films (AFs) using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a polymeric matrix containing various propolis concentrations (5, 8.5, and 13%) as the active agent (AA) were developed using a casting method. The purpose was to determine the effects of the incorporation of AA on the physical properties of the films and to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the AFs decreased relative to the control (PLA without AA). Introducing the active substances from propolis into the PLA also affected its thermal properties (glass transition). Adding AAs to the polymer generated more opacity with a green-yellowish color compared to the control. In addition, AFs exhibited reduced water vapor permeability as the AA concentration increased. Biodegradation assay showed that the AFs degraded faster than the control. AFs exhibited antioxidant activity, which was measured as the ability to scavenge free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), due to the presence of bioactive compounds (phenolics). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and showed a reduction over 4-log cycles. Therefore, incorporation of propolis is a useful strategy for the development of active packaging with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, which increase the shelf life of food products. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47090.     

PBAT薄膜的制备及应用研究进展

综述了聚己二酸?对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）及其复合膜在食品活性包装膜和地膜中应用的研究进展；详细介绍了提高PBAT膜性能的主要方法，包括与聚合物共混、与无机填料共混、与其他可再生资源共混等；阐述了PBAT及其复合膜的降解性能；并对PBAT膜未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Behavior of α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin‐encapsulated allyl isothiocyanate as slow‐release additives in polylactide‐co‐polycaprolactone films

The natural antibacterial agent allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) encapsulated in either α‐ or β‐cyclodextrin (CD) has previously been evaluated as a slow‐release additive in polylactide‐co‐polycaprolactone (PLA–PCL) films designed for use in cheese packaging. In the research described in this article, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric analysis in tandem with mass spectrometry (TGA–MS) were used to explore the thermal properties of CD‐encapsulated AITC complexes as well as those of PLA–PCL films containing these complexes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported application of the TGA–MS technique to explore the thermal stability of CD‐entrapped AITC and the first study to report differences in thermal stability of AITC in α‐and β‐CD cavities in the solid state. Observed differences in the thermal degradation profile of films containing the CD complexes can be explained if AITC binds more strongly to β‐CD than to α‐CD. This hypothesis has been reinforced by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) studies, the results of which suggest that a new covalently bound AITC–CD complex may be formed when incorporating the β‐CD complex of AITC in PLA–PCL films but not when incorporating the α‐CD complex of AITC. This finding means that the α‐CD complex of AITC would be preferred in situations where adequate long‐term controlled release of AITC from polymer films is required, as for example in the case of active packaging applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

聚乳酸/芦苇纤维复合材料降解性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了不同比例的聚乳酸/芦苇纤维（PLA/RF）共混物,并通过吹塑制备了相对应的薄膜。研究了在蛋白酶K的作用下不同RF含量的PLA/RF薄膜的生物降解性能,同时用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测定了样品降解过程中的结晶行为以及表面形貌变化。结果表明,RF对PLA的酶解降解有促进作用,随着RF含量的增加PLA/RF复合材料的酶解速率提升,其中含有30 %（质量分数,下同）芦苇纤维的PLA/RF薄膜的降解速率最大,16天内可降解81.11 %。研究还表明,加入芦苇纤维可以降低PLA的结晶度,从而影响降解速度。