光催化臭氧联用降解糖蜜酒精废水的研究

采用光催化臭氧联用手段降解糖蜜酒精废水。用紫外可见分光光度计检测,以糖蜜酒精废水的脱色率为评价基准,考察了光催化臭氧联用降解糖蜜酒精废水的工艺条件,发现催化剂用量、光照时间、臭氧流量、物料的pH值等都影响糖蜜酒精废水的降解。实验结果表明：光催化与臭氧联用对糖蜜酒精废水的降解效率高于单一光催化和单一臭氧催化的降解效率;最佳反应条件：光照时间120min,气流量为48L/h,催化剂用量和臭氧流量的最佳值分别为0.25g/L和0.2g/L,pH〈4或pH〉12,脱色率达到90%以上。     

超声波协同Fenton试剂降解糖蜜酒精废水的工艺

采用超声波为辅助条件,以废水的COD去除率、脱色率为评价指标,考察了Fenton试剂对糖蜜酒精废水催化降解特性.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂对糖蜜酒精废水具有良好的处理效果,超声波与Fenton试剂之间存在着协同作用.通过正交实验得出的最佳降解工艺条件为:H2O2用量10 mL/L,硫酸亚铁0.50 g/L,废水稀释倍数40倍,超声波功率200 W,反应时间30 min,废水的COD去除率达到69%,色度降解率达到74%.     

钨酸铅光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水的研究

糖蜜酒精废水是一种难降解的有机废水,主要成分为焦糖等色素类物质.利用沉淀法制备了PbwoJ光催化剂,将其应用于光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水降解反应中,考察了催化剂用量,空气流量,溶液pH值,助氧化剂及光照强度对糖蜜酒精废水脱色率的影响.研究表明,在紫外光辐照下,PbW04能有效地对糖蜜酒精废水进行光催化作用,过程为一级动力学反应.对于经30倍稀释的糖蜜酒精废水,添加4.0 g·L1的PbW04光催化剂,通入126 L.h1的空气,不改变废水的pH值及不添加助氧化剂H2O2的条件下,在300W高压汞灯照射下反应120 min,PbWO4光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水的脱色率为90.2%,COD去除率为78.6%,得到了较好的降解.     

用于糖蜜酒精废水处理的高效光合细菌的分离及应用研究

从广西三井酒精厂的糖蜜酒精废水氧化塘中分离得到两株光合细菌PSB-C和PSB-D,通过初步鉴定,均属于光合细菌的红假单胞菌属。用其处理糖蜜酒精废水,采用单因子优化法得出最佳处理条件如下:废水COD浓度为20 800 mg.L-1、pH值为7.0、处理温度为30℃、处理时间为3 d,在该条件下两株菌对糖蜜酒精废水COD的去除率分别为55%、54%。     

超声协同臭氧氧化降解糖蜜酒精废水的研究

采用超声强化臭氧氧化对糖蜜酒精废水进行降解,考察了超声与臭氧的协同作用及臭氧流量、超声功率、废水初始pH及反应温度等对超声协同臭氧降解糖蜜酒精废水脱色的影响及废水降解动力学.结果表明,超声与臭氧协同作用可以有效地对糖蜜酒精废水进行降解.将糖蜜酒精废水稀释10倍后,在臭氧流量为60mg·min-1,超声功率为300 W,废水pH为4.2时,在25℃下反应60 min后,糖蜜酒精废水的脱色降解率能迭95%以上,COD的去除率可迭80%以上.糖蜜酒精废水在超声协同臭氧的作用下降解脱色过程符合表现一级动力学.     

活性炭吸附法处理糖蜜酒精废液工艺条件的探讨

用活性炭吸附处理糖蜜酒精废水，研究了活性炭投加量、吸附时间、吸附温度和废液的初始pH值对糖蜜酒精废液的CODcr值的降低和色度去除率的影响。进行了正交实验，得到的最佳工艺条件的组合是：活性炭投加量0．083g／mL；吸附时间40min；吸附温度t=50℃；废液的初始pH=2.50。CODcr值的降低和色度去除率分别为25．5％和24．9％，处理效果不是很理想，但是可为以后研究人员提供参考。通过方差分析，发现活性炭投加量对CODcr和色度去除率的影响最显著。     

SnO2-TiO2/UV/O3催化降解糖蜜酒精废水

用沉积一沉淀法制备了SnO2-TiO2光催化剂,利用XRD、UV-Vi8等技术对其结构进行了表征.以糖蜜酒精废水为处理对象,采用自制的SnO2-TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了在紫外光条件下,稀释比、催化剂投加量、臭氧投加量和pH等因素对光催化臭氧降解反应的影响.结果表明:在紫外光照射、催化剂用量0.25g/L、通气流量30L/h的条件下,稀释20倍的糖蜜酒精废水经120min的处理,其脱色率达到98.57%;此外,还对催化降解糖蜜酒精废水的机理进行了探讨.     

类Fenton试剂深度处理糖蜜酒精废水

采用单因素试验方法,研究了类Fenton试剂对糖蜜酒精废水深度处理的效果。研究结果表明,类Fenton试剂深度处理糖蜜酒精废水的最佳工艺参数为初始pH=6.0,FeCl3·6H2O的最佳投加量为1000g/m3、3%H2O2的最佳投加量6.7L/m3、慢速搅拌时间为5min。在此条件下,色度和COD的去除率分别为90.35%和77.28%。     

甘蔗渣对染料废水的吸附试验研究

利用甘蔗渣对3种染料废水进行了吸附脱色试验研究。结果表明,温度对吸附效率影响最小;pH值对亮蓝染料废水脱色效率有影响;3种染料废水吸附饱和时间均为1h,在常温20℃,pH值为7,吸附时间为1h,蔗渣投加量为10g/L的条件下,蔗渣对亮黄、亮红和亮蓝染料废水的脱色率分别达到80%、60%和30%。与传统吸附剂(活性炭)比较,甘蔗渣吸附效率较低,但其处理成本远低于活性炭,如能采用固体发酵处理吸附饱和的蔗渣,可解决二次污染问题并生产经济副产品。     

铁碳微电解及H2O2在糖蜜酒精废水预处理中的应用

采用铁碳微电解-H2O2联合和铁碳微电解/H2O2耦合2种工艺分别对糖蜜酒精废水进行处理,并考察了两种工艺运行的最佳条件.结果表明,对于COD为75 g·L-1的糖蜜酒精废水,铁碳微电解-H2O2联合工艺在铁碳体积比1∶1,铁与废水体积比1∶5,微电解反应120 min之后,投加8％H2O2,继续反应120 min,COD去除率为33.1％,加入石灰乳调pH到7.0并离心后,COD去除率达到40％;铁碳微电解/H2O2耦合工艺在铁碳体积比1∶1,铁与废水体积比1∶4,H2O2投加量8％,反应120 min后,COD去除率为38％,加入石灰乳调pH到7.0并离心后,COD去除率达到56.3％.     

电镀废水有机污染物的电催化氧化中试研究

采用新型钛基网状电极对电镀废水进行了电催化氧化研究,在间歇试验条件下考察了电流密度、处理时间和原水初始pH对有机污染物处理效果的影响,在连续试验条件下考察了工艺的稳定性,并结合GC-MS中间产物分析探讨了电催化氧化对废水可生化性的影响。结果表明,处理时间、电流密度和原水起始pH对COD去除效果有显著影响,优化的试验参数为:电流密度100 A.m-2,处理时间3 h,起始pH为中性。在该条件下,废水COD可由439 mg.L-1降至70 mg.L-1,且装置运行稳定,吨水处理能耗为5.7 kWh。长链烷烃等大分子有机物在电催化氧化过程中被分解为短链烷烃和小分子有机物,废水可生化性得到显著改善。     

海藻酸钠与聚乙烯醇包埋活性污泥强化聚酯废水生物处理

分别用海藻酸钠与聚乙烯醇（PVA）作为包埋剂包埋活性污泥，并添加活性炭作为添加剂，采用正交试验法．以聚酯废水COD的去除率为主要指标，小球强度和传质性能为辅助指标，确定了最佳包埋条件，将其应用于聚酯废水处理。研究结果表明，海藻酸钠小球COD去除率较普通活性污泥法提高了10％-20％，而聚乙烯醇小球则低于活性污泥法；且海藻酸钠小球传质性能也优于聚乙烯醇小球，但前者小球强度略低于后者。     

Treatment of textile dye wastewater by using an electrochemical bipolar disc stack reactor

Textile dye house wastewater from a reactive dye processing unit was treated by using an electrochemical oxidation technique. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical bipolar disc reactor using RuO₂ coated on titanium as anode and titanium as cathode. The sodium chloride present in the effluent was used as supporting electrolyte. Operating parameters such as current density, reservoir hold‐up and electrolysis time were studied for maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction and other relevant parameters such as current efficiency and power consumption per kg of COD removal were calculated. The higher flow rate and lower reservoir hold‐up resulted in improved COD removal. The applied current density was also found to significantly influence the reduction of COD. A suitable mathematical model is also proposed to illustrate the relationship between the basic parameters. Pseudo mass transfer coefficients were also evaluated for different experimental conditions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

用电-多相催化技术处理油田废水

采用电－多相催化新技术对油田废水进行小试和中试研究。静态实验结果表明，与单独使用催化剂或电场相比，两者同时使用即电场和催化剂协同可以获得更高的CODCr去除率。并通过动态实验对电－多相装置中的催化剂种类和电极配置方式进行了选择。中试实验中，采用槽式反应器、SFS催化剂、多组电极、特定的电极排列方式进行电－多相催化处理，获得令人满意的CODCr去除结果。     

含有机物的废硫酸纯氧催化氧化再生

在一定条件下,以纯氧为氧化剂,对含有机物的废硫酸进行催化氧化。同时考察了ＦｅＳＯ４,ＴｉＯ２,ＭｎＯ２,ＳｅＯ２等催化剂的自理效果,其ＣＯＤ去除率均在６０％以上,此外,以Ｆｅ＾２＋为催化剂,重点探讨了纯氧流速,反应温度,反应时间,催化剂用量,Ｈ２Ｏ２用量等因素对ＣＯＤ去除率的影响。     

应用铝和铁电极电化学处理酒精废醪蒸馏废水(英文)

Electrochemical treatment of distillery spent wash was carried out using different combinations of aluminum and iron electrodes in batch mode of operation.The spent wash was characterized for various parameters as per standard method of analysis and the treatment results were analyzed in terms of chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal efficiency of the spent wash.The experiments were performed to study the effect of operating parameters such as current density,pH of the spent wash,agitation speed,electrolysis time and the distance between the electrodes on the COD removal efficiency of the spent wash.It was observed that aluminum electrodes were more suitable for treatment of distillery spent wash as compared to iron electrodes.The maximum COD removal efficiency of 81.3% was obtained with Al-Al electrodes at the current density of 0.187 A·cm-2 and pH 3 for an electrolysis time of 2 h.     

Enhancement in mineralization of some natural refractory organic compounds by ozonation–aerobic biodegradation

Two schemes, the first involving ozonation followed by final aerobic biodegradation (phase I experiments), and the second involving initial aerobic biodegradation, followed by ozonation and subsequent final aerobic biodegradation (phase II experiments), were examined for enhanced mineralization of refractory model compounds, viz. gallic acid, tannin and lignin. In all cases, and irrespective of the applied scheme, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), COD/TOC ratio, and specific UV absorbance at 280 nm attributed to the model compounds decreased with application of increasing ozone dose. The residual organic matter remaining after ozonation exhibited enhanced aerobic biodegradability in all cases. Further, in all cases and irrespective of the applied scheme, the overall amount of COD and TOC removed through the combination of ozonation and biodegradation processes increased with increase in ozone dose for all three model compounds, and more than 90% COD removal could be achieved with an ozone dose of 3 mg ozone absorbed per mg initial TOC, as compared with approximately 40% COD removal when no ozone was applied. Treatment by the first scheme resulted in the fraction of starting COD removed through biodegradation decreasing with increase in ozone dose in all cases, while this fraction increased or remained constant during treatment using the second scheme. In the case of tannin and lignin, similar overall COD removal could be achieved at lower ozone doses using scheme II. Due to incorporation of the initial aerobic biodegradation step in scheme II, the ozone requirement for additional mineralization, ie mineralization over and above that achieved by aerobic biodegradation, was also lower than that in scheme I. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Dependency of removal efficiency on electrode arrangements in the treatment of oily wastewaters by electrocoagulation

Turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were analyzed depending on electrode layouts by performing electrocoagulation experiments using horizontal and vertical electrochemical cells. Multiple aluminum plate electrodes were placed into different sections of the electrochemical cells. Removal efficiencies at the horizontal electrochemical cell were always higher than the one’s obtained from the vertical electrochemical cell. But the use of vertical electrochemical cell consumed less energy during the electrocoagulation tests. The highest COD removal efficiencies were 97% and 88% in the horizontal and vertical electrochemical cells, respectively. However, the energy consumption for COD removal in the horizontal electrochemical cell was 47% higher than the energy consumed in the vertical electrochemical cell.     

两级复合滤料生物滤池处理洗衣废水的试验

采用两级复合滤料生物滤池进行洗衣废水的处理试验,研究了水力负荷、气水比、COD负荷、滤层厚度及生物对其处理效果的影响,结果表明两种方式运行(工况1控制滤柱Ⅰ、滤柱Ⅱ好氧,工况2控制滤柱Ⅰ厌氧、滤柱Ⅱ好氧)的最佳工况均为气水比为2∶1,水力负荷为1.4 m3/m2.h。工况1对COD平均去除率为91.3%,对LAS的平均去除率为88.4%,对TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到29.8%和39.7%;工况2对COD去除率为87.1%,对LAS的平均去除率为93.3%,对TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到48.9%和93.3%,其出水COD、LAS、TP和TN可分别达到56 mg/L、3.1 mg/L、0.5 mg/L和15.8 mg/L。     

交替好氧/缺氧短程生物脱氮工艺抗冲击负荷能力

采用序批式间歇活性污泥反应器(SBR)研究了进水有机物和氨氮负荷对交替好氧/缺氧短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺的影响。研究结果认为:进水中不同COD和氨氮质量浓度均没有对交替好氧/缺氧短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺中的实时控制参数和处理效果产生影响,系统运行稳定,仅是由于进水COD和氨氮质量浓度的大幅度变化将会导致各自的好氧曝气所需时间有所差异;进水氨氮质量浓度越高,所需硝化时间越长。但经过实时控制以后,无论进水氨氮质量浓度如何变化,硝化和反硝化作用都是很完全的;反应器最终出水中基本检测不到氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度。因此,可以得出交替好氧/缺氧短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺抗冲击负荷能力强,当采用实时控制策略控制脱氮过程时,系统运行稳定。