稳态在线实时优化技术在乙烯装置中的应用

介绍了稳态在线实时优化技术目前在国内外的应用情况,针对该技术在国内炼油和化工装置的推广应用,对稳态在线实时优化技术进行深入的研究。从模拟优化求解方法、组分和热力学模型选择、模型校正、优化方法和逻辑控制等方面介绍了稳态在线实时优化的技术特点,并通过乙烯装置全流程在线实时优化试点案例,说明该技术的实际应用效果。研究和应用表明对于装置全流程模拟和优化,稳态在线实时优化技术具有计算效率高和易收敛的技术特点,在乙烯装置优化的实际应用中,可以为企业带来较好的经济效益。     

利用热导检测器实时检测混合气体组分含量的方法及装置

化工生产过程中,经常需要对混合气体中某一组分的含量进行实时检测。本文提出了一种利用热导检测器实时检测混合气体中某一组分浓度变化的方法及装置,详细介绍了该新型检测系统的原理、构造和使用方法。采用该装置对某流化床冷态模型中示踪气体的浓度进行了检测验证,实验结果表明,该套装置操作简单,通用性强,准确度较高。     

加氢装置紧急泄压限流孔板孔径校核方法

本文介绍了一种加氢装置紧急泄压限流孔板孔径的校核计算方法,采用该方法可验证测试孔板孔径是否可达到规定的泄压速率,并进一步计算实际需要的孔板孔径。     

气相聚乙烯工业装置多牌号质量指标鲁棒滤波估计

针对气相聚乙烯工业装置多牌号质量指标实时估计的复杂性,运用聚乙烯工业装置质量指标实时预测模型,提出了一种鲁棒滤波器设计方法。该方法根据实验室分析数据反馈修正模型预测并实时估计多牌号质量指标。在气相聚乙烯工业装置上的应用结果和与美国联碳技术的应用对比证实了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

CFRP-OFBG板嵌入式加固钢筋混凝土梁荷载效应计算分析

CFRP-OFBG板具备良好的监测性能,其监测数据可用于计算分析加固结构的荷载效应。利用平截面假定及材料应力应变本构关系进行计算推导,提出一种基于CFRP-OFBG板监测应变的加固梁荷载计算方法。采用4根CFRP-OFBG板嵌入式加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力试验对该计算方法进行验证,结果表明:计算值与试验值较为吻合,此法用于分析加固梁的实时荷载效应是可行的。     

实时优化技术在乙烯装置在线优化中的应用

乙烯产业是重要的石化基础产业,对国民经济、石油化工产业及工业社会起着举足轻重的作用,近年来 在我国经济增长过程中保持着蓬勃发展的态势,但是,由于我国乙烯生产总体技术水平的相对滞后以及乙烯工 业所供原料复杂等因素,导致我国目前乙烯装置与世界乙烯生产先进水平存在一定差距,为了减小这一差距, 达到世界先进水平,离不开工业过程自动化和运用实时优化技术。为此,本文介绍了实时优化技术的国内外发 展现状和该技术在乙烯装置的应用情况,并通过实时优化系统的实施,建立了乙烯装置的全流程严格机理模型, 可以实时跟踪乙烯装置的生产情况,持续不断对装置进行在线优化,使装置的操作达到最佳的经济效益操作点, 此外,在优化中以装置的原料、产品和公用工程等价格为导向,对全装置生产过程自动操作执行,减少了优化 计算和结果执行中的人为干预。分析表明实时优化技术有效实现了乙烯装置增产、节能和降耗的目标,可为乙 烯生产企业创造新增经济效益。     

乙烯裂解炉在线优化技术

扬子石化研究院与华东理工大学、扬子石化烯烃厂合作,利用先进模型进行丁艺优化计算,为开发乙烯在线优化技术打下坚实基础。经过近两年的攻关,目前乙烯裂解炉在线模型与实时优化技术研究开发项目取得较大进展。该技术可在线优化乙烯装置运行,大幅降低生产成本。     

参数化条件下影响落板角度的因素

落板破碎装置是玻璃厂冷端的一台重要设备。不必要的重复设计降低了工作效率，通过参数化设计可以提高落板装置设计效率。本文推导了计算落板角度的公式，逐一分析了影响该角度的几个参数，并介绍了如何在落板装置的非标设计中寻找其共同点，实现非标和标准之间的平衡。     

一种水冷壁气化炉全换热器热功率的计算方法

针对目前壳牌气化炉全换热器无法实现在线热功率监控、不能实时反映废热回收情况的现状,以全废锅壳牌气化炉为例,将气化炉全部换热器作为一个整体进行了研究,设计了一种计算瞬时热功率的方法。详细介绍了该方法的计算过程;其在山西某气化装置的实际应用表明,该法可定量反映换热器的结垢程度、并实时反映装置的节能效果。该计算方法可为强化能源安全管理提供准确的判断依据。     

乙烯装置系统优化及其效益

1994年4月在德州毕蒙特的美孚化学公司烯烃/芳烃联合装置的乙烯装置中完成了一种新型闭路稳态实时优化系统(CLR-TO)的性能试验。 该系统应用于在线和离线分析以提高过程操作及利润。该系统将一套全装置的精确的稳态优化模型,与裂解炉、压缩机和分馏塔     

催化精馏塔通用数学模型及其求解方法

建立了醋酸甲酯水解反应精馏实验流程,并探讨了反应精馏的工艺特点和可行性。建立了催化精馏塔通用数学模型,并给出了求解方法。该模型对于化学反应和精馏分离同时进行及交替进行两种形式的催化精馏塔均能适用,且可用于催化精馏塔的动态分析。     

催化精馏塔通用数学模型及其求解方法

建立了醋酸甲酯水解反应精馏实验流程,并探讨了反应精馏的工艺特点和可行性。建立了催化精馏塔通用数学模型,并给出了求解方法。该模型对于化学反应和精馏分离同时进行及交替进行两种形式的催化精馏塔均能适用,且可用于催化精馏塔的动态分析。     

多元精馏过程的非平衡级动态模型

提出了-种通用的多元精馏过程非平衡级动态模型。模型中采用传质、传热速率方程表征实际塔板上的传递过程,避免了级效率的计算。通过引入“分离效率函数”提出一种简洁适用的仿真模型和求解算法,分析了速率模型与“平衡级一级效率”模型之间的内在联系。在两个工业精馏塔上进行了仿真计算和实验检验,结果表明,非平衡级动态模型能够准确预测实际塔板上的动态行为。     

A fundamental principle and systematic procedures for process intensification in reactive distillation columns

A fundamental principle is developed for process intensification through internal mass and energy integration in reactive distillation columns and three systematic procedures are devised for process synthesis and design. For reactive distillation columns involving reactions with highly thermal effect, process intensification can be achieved with an exclusive consideration of internal energy integration between the reaction operation and separation operation involved. However, in the case of a highly endothermic reaction with an extremely low reaction rate and/or small chemical equilibrium constant, internal mass integration has also to be considered between the reactive section and stripping section. For reactive distillation columns involving reactions with negligibly or no thermal effect, process intensification can be performed with an exclusive consideration of internal mass integration. For reactive distillation columns involving reactions with moderately thermal effect, process intensification must be conducted with a careful trade-off between internal mass and energy integration. Five hypothetical and two real reactive distillation systems are employed to evaluate the principle and procedures proposed. It is demonstrated that intensifying internal mass and energy integration is really effective for process intensification. Not only can the thermodynamic efficiency be improved substantially, but also the capital investment can be further reduced.     

动态累积分批精馏过程研究（Ⅱ）─—过程模拟计算

继前文（Ｉ），建立了动态累积分批精馏过程的数学模型，并用其对不同操作条件下的二组元动态累积分批精馏过程进行了模拟计算。结果表明：新操作方法明显优于常规分批精馏过程。     

Modeling,Simulation, and Optimization 4.0 for a Distillation Column

Simulation is besides experimentation a key technology in design, analysis and operation of distillation columns. The reliability of simulations to answer questions concerning the real process strongly depends on model quality, which needs to be reliable and predictive. Usually available plant data can be used to validate and if necessary, to improve the model. In this contribution challenges and opportunities of a continuous model improvement in a flowsheet simulator with emphasis on new possibilities triggered by digitalization will be discussed.     

Decision support for the development,simulation and optimization of dynamic process models

Simulation is besides experimentation the major method for designing,analyzing and optimizing chemical processes.The ability of simulations to reflect real process behavior strongly depends on model quality.Validation and adaption of process models are usually based on available plant data.Using such a model in various simulation and optimization studies can support the process designer in his task.Beneath steady state models there is also a growing demand for dynamic models either to adapt faster to changing conditions or to reflect batch operation.In this contribution challenges of extending an existing decision support framework for steady state models to dynamic models will be discussed and the resulting opportunities will be demonstrated for distillation and reactor examples.     

Understanding process intensification in cyclic distillation systems

The most effective separation possible in distillation columns takes place in the hydrodynamic regime where there is perfect displacement of the liquid and vapor streams. This can be achieved in distillation equipment with separate phase movement (SPM). Such an innovative route for process intensification in distillation is called cyclic distillation. The required process conditions are the lack of liquid outflow from the tray during vapor admission and the lack of liquid mixing in adjacent trays upon outflow of liquid. Remarkably, the throughput of such a column that operates in a controlled cycle mode is two or more times higher than the throughput reachable with conventional operation, at equivalent separation performance.In this study, a theoretical stage model with perfect displacement is proposed and the theory of the process working lines is developed. An adequate mass transfer model is also described along with the mode of calculation of tray columns operating in the cyclic operation mode. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the effect of the key model parameters. The theoretical developments were implemented at industrial scale and subsequent testing showed an increase in the separation efficiency of 2-3 times as compared to the standard process.     

Modelling and control of a continuous distillation tower through fuzzy techniques

This paper presents a methodology for the design of a fuzzy controller applicable to continuous processes based on local fuzzy models and velocity linearizations. It has been applied to the implementation of a fuzzy controller for a continuous distillation tower. Continuous distillation towers can be subjected to variations in feed characteristics that cause loss of product quality or excessive energy consumption. Therefore, the use of a fuzzy controller is interesting to control process performance.A dynamic model for continuous distillation was implemented and used to obtain data to develop the fuzzy controller at different operating points. The fuzzy controller was built by integration of linear controllers obtained for each linearization of the system. Simulation of the model with controller was used to validate the controller effectiveness under different scenarios, including a study of the sensibility of some parameters to the control.The results showed that the fuzzy controller was able to keep the target output in the desired range for different inputs disturbances, changing smoothly from a predefined target output to another. The developed techniques are applicable to more complex distillation systems including more operating variables.     

人工免疫网络多Agent的分馏装置建模

分馏过程是石油化工流程模拟中的重要模块之一。在分馏装置的模拟计算中,塔板Murphree效率直接影响模型质量,且随装置的原料、工况不同而有所改变,因此探索Murphree效率的准确确定方案是分馏建模的关键。本文提出用人工免疫网络多Agent(Maopt-aiNet)确定最佳的Murphree效率。不同于其他智能算法,Maopt-aiNet结合人工免疫网络的核心思想与多Agent技术,搜索算子包括:邻域克隆选择、邻域竞争、自信度激励、自信度邻域学习和邻域协作算子,算法有机结合全局与局部搜索能力,实验表明其对高维系统搜索能力较强。在分馏装置建模应用中,用Maopt-aiNet确定的Murphree效率,能够使分馏塔的塔板温度分布及塔顶、塔釜主要产品的产出与实际吻合得较好,表明用Maopt-aiNet建立的分馏塔模型能较好地描述实际分馏塔的生产过程,可以用来指导分馏装置的操作优化。