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1.
通过测定铝酸盐水泥在24 h内水化时的电阻率、浆体内部温度和水化产物的变化规律,研究铝酸盐水泥的早期水化过程。结果表明:根据电阻率变化规律可将铝酸盐水泥的水化过程分为4个阶段(溶解期、诱导期、晶相转变期和硬化期);溶解期的电阻率快速减小;诱导期的电阻率几乎保持不变;晶相转变期的电阻率急剧减小,水泥浆体温度升高,水化产物CAH_(10)发生转变,AH_3凝胶转变为AH_3晶体;硬化期的电阻率逐渐增大,水化产物增多,孔隙率减小;在相同龄期,高水灰比水泥浆体的电阻率比低水灰比水泥浆体的小。  相似文献   

2.
电阻率法研究水泥早期行为   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
测定了水泥水化电阻率变化,根据浆体电阻率和Ca(OH)2含量的变化规律可将水泥水化分为初始期、诱导期、加速期、减速期4个阶段.诱导期开始时,浆体电阻率突然增大,热重/差示扫描量热综合分析表明此时可能生成了中间反应物水化铝酸钙.水化物包裹在水泥颗粒表面,形成保护层,阻止水泥进一步水化,水化进入诱导期,这与诱导期的"保护层理论"相符.电阻率微分曲线在加速中期有极大值,X射线衍射分析表明该极大值的出现与钙矾石(AFt)转化为单硫型铝酸钙水化物(AFm)有关.研究发现电阻率微分曲线与放热速率曲线的对应性较好,诱导期结束后浆体电阻率与其Ca(OH)2质量分数成线性关系,电阻率变化可反映水化程度变化.  相似文献   

3.
磷酸及磷酸盐类化合物对水泥水化动力学的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过测定磷酸及磷酸盐类化合物对水泥浆体水化热、Zeta电位和液相中离子浓度的影响,研究它们对水泥水化动力学的影响。结果表明:磷酸和磷酸盐类化合物明显延长了水泥水化诱导期,并降低了水泥水化加速期水化速率。与磷酸或单磷酸盐相比,聚磷酸盐类化合物更多地延长了水化诱导期时间;磷酸比磷酸盐类化合物更为显著地降低了水化最大放热速率;磷酸和磷酸盐类化合物均可降低水泥早期的溶解速率,同时改变了水泥颗粒表面的性质;磷酸和磷酸盐类化合物对水泥水化动力学的影响,与其在水泥表面形成包覆层影响了水泥溶解速率及成核速率有关。  相似文献   

4.
用电阻率法研究新拌混凝土的早期凝结和硬化   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
肖莲珍  李宗津  魏小胜 《硅酸盐学报》2005,33(10):1271-1275
测定和分析了新拌混凝土早期水化期间电阻率发展的特性。根据电阻率曲线和其微分曲线上的特征点将混凝土的水化分为:溶解期、凝结期、硬化前期和硬化的减速期。提出从电阻率发展微分曲线第1峰值特征点查找混凝土终凝时间和推算初凝时间的方法。结果表明:电阻率法得到的初凝时间和终凝时间与贯入阻力法测试得到的凝结时间有良好的相关性。比较了纯水泥混凝土和掺粉煤灰混凝土的电阻率发展特性和强度特性。结果显示:掺粉煤灰混凝土的早期强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加呈下降趋势,同龄期样品的电阻率也有相同的下降趋势。  相似文献   

5.
采用交流阻抗方法对掺有粉煤灰的水泥硬化浆体的微结构及对不同龄期粉煤灰水泥硬化浆体的交流阻抗参数和硬化水泥浆体微结构的关系、抗压强度进行了研究,并与纯硅酸盐水泥体系进行了比较。结果表明,与纯硅酸盐水泥相比,粉煤灰水泥水化后期的水化程度较高,浆体总孔隙率较低。  相似文献   

6.
复合磷铝酸盐-硅酸盐水泥的早期水化行为   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
主要研究了复合磷铝酸盐-硅酸盐熟水泥新拌和硬化浆体早期水化行为以及外加剂(NB)掺量对相应参数的影响,并与52.5级硅酸盐水泥浆体的相应行为进行了比较。测定了外加剂(NB)掺量对净浆和砂浆1d和3d强度,分析了新拌和硬化磨细浆体悬浮溶液的pH值、ξ电位和离子电导(K);并运用分光光度法和比尔定律研究了浆体中[Ca^2 ]和[AlO4]^5-溶出浓度的规律同时用XRD半定量分析了浆体早期的水化程度。硬化浆体粉末悬浮液的ξ电位、离子电导(K),[Ca^2 ]和[AlO4]^5-离子的溶出浓度的研究结果综合表明:外加剂掺量为水泥的0.15%~0.21%范围内时各早期水化行为呈现出最佳值:复合水泥浆体1d,3d和7d中Alite的水化程度较硅酸盐水泥浆体相应龄期分别提高了35%,33%和49%;净浆和砂浆1d抗压强度较同龄期硅酸盐水泥浆体分别增长了3%~15%和10%~17%;3天净浆强度增长了9%~19%;与此同时,浆体溶液的pH值维持在11.6~11.75;与此同时,复合浆体的凝结时间随外加剂掺量有所增长,但仍在国标范围内,而且终凝时间较PC短。复合水泥新拌浆体悬浮液的[Ca^2 ]的比浓度和溶液离子电导分析表明:复合水泥诱导期出现的时间较Pc的缩短了1倍,并且加速期较PC约提早2h出现;而且诱导期和加速期之间,溶液中[Ca^2 ]浓度差明显小于PC的。这意味复合水泥加速期到来所需要的活化能比PC低;同时比PC较低的离子电导表明更多的大尺寸基团[AlO4]^5-和[PO4]^3-的存在,减缓了Ca^2 的过度快速迁移,使其有充足的时间与OH^-,[AlO4]^5-和[PO4]^3-结合生成水化产物。  相似文献   

7.
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP–OES)测定水化过程中水泥浆体液相中元素组成,研究三乙醇胺(triethanolamine,TEA)对水泥浆体液相中离子浓度的影响。结果表明:TEA的加入明显提高了水化过程中水泥浆体液相中的Fe、Ca和 Al的浓度,同时提高了S、Si和OH–的浓度。另外,水化热测试表明:0.1%掺量的TEA提高了水泥第一个水化放热峰,延长了水泥水化诱导期。采用总有机碳测试法跟踪测试TEA加入到水泥浆体后,在浆体液相中的浓度变化,结果发现:TEA的消耗主要发生在水泥水化加速期,表明TEA通过化学反应或物理吸附进入了水泥水化产物中。将TEA加入到饱和Ca(OH)2溶液及含有Ca(OH)2沉淀的饱和Ca(OH)2溶液中,对溶液电导率的测试证实了TEA可以和钙离子形成络合物的推测。  相似文献   

8.
测定和分析了水灰比为0.4和0.5的不同骨料掺量(Va)的混凝土早龄期(24 h)水化期间电阻率发展的特性.根据电阻率微分曲线上的特征峰值点将混凝土分为:溶解和结晶期、诱导和凝结期、硬化加速期、硬化减速期4个结构形成发展阶段.相同水灰比、不同骨料掺量的混凝土电阻率微分曲线上的前2个特征峰值点对应的时间几乎相等,骨料含量高(Va=70%)的混凝土的第3个特征峰值点对应的时间延长,这与其界面过渡区面积较大有关.不同水灰比、相同骨料掺量的混凝土的电阻率微分曲线表明,水灰比为0.4时混凝土的3个特征峰值点对应的时间都提前,这与低水灰比基体材料的结构密实速度较快有关.混凝土电阻率随时间对数的发展在硬化后表现出线性关系,混凝土电阻率时间对数曲线斜率越大,说明单位体积混凝土中的骨料量较多,或者净浆基体的水泥颗粒较多.  相似文献   

9.
粉煤灰对水泥浆体早期水化和孔结构的影响   总被引:30,自引:4,他引:26  
通过硬化水泥浆体力学性能、交流阻抗和孔结构等性能的测试,以及扫描电镜分析,研究了不同掺量的粉煤灰对硬化水泥浆体早期水化和孔结构的影响。结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,水泥的凝结时间增加,抗压强度降低,熟料矿物的水化速率提高,但水泥-粉煤灰体系的水化速率降低,水泥浆体中孔溶液电阻和阻抗相应降低,硬化水泥浆体中大孔数量减少,微孔数量增加。  相似文献   

10.
大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料早期水化性能和浆体结构   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
通过对胶凝材料早期水化放热性能和水化产物种类的测定,以及对硬化浆体显微形貌和孔结构的观察,研究了大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料的早期水化性能和硬化浆体结构.结果表明:钢渣具有弱胶凝性能,早期活性低,大掺量钢渣使复合胶凝材料的水化诱导期延长,水化放热量降低,但对水泥早期的水化产物形成过程影响很小.大掺量钢渣复合胶凝材料早期的硬化浆体结构较疏松,孔隙率高于纯水泥浆体,且大孔数量较多.  相似文献   

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Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.  相似文献   

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In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.  相似文献   

14.
A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by 1H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO2 coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N2 absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.  相似文献   

15.
Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.  相似文献   

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Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.  相似文献   

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