超低温(≤1100℃)玻化砖的研究与开发

本实验利用传统的陶瓷原料,通过多元复合熔剂体系对建筑陶瓷坯体性能影响的深入研究与优化,在明显降低产品烧结温度(100℃)的同时,成功制备出了1100℃以下烧结,且性能符合并高于国家玻化砖标准的产品。研究发现,合理设计运用多元复合熔剂,促使坯体在烧成中逐渐产生低共熔液相,是有效解决建陶产品在超低温快速烧成中常见的烧成温度范围窄、易变形等瓶颈难题的技术关键。     

锂瓷石在超低温玻化砖中的应用研究

锂瓷石引入坯体可有效地降低产品的烧结温度,实验表明,当基础配方中直接外加35%的锂瓷石,或以锂瓷石替代基础配方中25%长石时,均可将产品的烧结温度降低约30℃,锂瓷石的引入,可提高坯体的干坯强度,在配方中形成K20-Na20-Li20多元复合熔剂,将产品的烧结温度范围拓宽为50℃,保证坯体可在超低温度烧结,满足生产需求.     

釉面砖坯体中石灰石加入量的探讨

目前国内釉面砖生产大多为二次烧成,坯体配方中所用的原料又多应用透辉石或硅灰石,采用辊道窑快速烧成,对于这方面的资料很多刊物上均有报导。而对焦宝石—粘土质的坯体在隧道窑中烧成的报导却很少。我厂于89年采用焦宝石—粘土质的坯体配方,熔剂选用滑石和石灰石,由于石灰石用量不当,致使我厂曾出现了一次重大质     

硼锆瓷——一种新型低温烧成瓷

瓷大体上可分为硬质瓷和软质瓷。这两种瓷用的基本原料都是高岭土、长石和石英。传统硬质瓷的配方为:50％高岭土、25％长石和25％石英。经1350—1460℃烧成后,瓷坯的玻璃相量约为65％、吸水率0—0.2％、密度2.3—2.4g/cm~3。软质瓷的配方不同于     

三种添加剂对复合植物蜡性能的影响

以聚乙烯蜡、软质微晶蜡和硬质微晶蜡为稳定剂,用量为0%~20%,添加到复合植物蜡中,测定其基本物理性能(针入度、滴点、运动粘度)的变化。实验结果表明,3种稳定剂加入量在0%~20%范围内:聚乙烯蜡对复合植物蜡的运动粘度和针入度的影响相对较小,变化比较平缓,当添加量为20%时,滴点增加了5℃;软质微晶蜡对复合植物蜡的运动粘度、针入度的影响较大,当添加量为20%时,运动粘度整体下降2.7mm2/s、针入度降了2.7 mm;硬质微晶蜡对复合植物蜡的运动粘度影响较小,而针入度、滴点的变化幅度较大,当添加量为20%时,针入度减小了3.2 mm,滴点提高了16℃,硬质微晶蜡能很大程度的提升复合植物蜡的硬度和滴点。     

硅灰石在日用陶瓷坯体中的应用研究

为了研制出在1100℃~1150℃烧成的致密日用陶瓷,在坯料配方中加入较多的硅灰石,利用硅灰石本身的针状形貌以及与粘土生成的钙长石可提高坯体的烧结强度;同时加入钾长石、锂瓷石、黑滑石、玻璃粉、硼钙石作为坯料中的助熔剂,通过多种成分的低共熔作用,大幅度降低了坯体的烧成温度,缩短了烧成时间,实现了低温快速一次烧成。通过采用正交试验法多批次试验,优选出了较好的坯料配方,其中硅灰石的含量达到13%左右;烧成时从室温升温至1120℃为150m in,保温40m in,得到的坯体平整、致密,白度达到64,抗折强度达到160M Pa。     

废玻璃降低日用陶瓷烧成温度的研究

研究废玻璃降低日用陶瓷烧成温度的可能性.以普通陶瓷坯料为基体,外加不同粒度的废玻璃并调整废玻璃的掺加量,经干燥成型制备坯体,干燥后在1100℃～1250℃烧结.通过测定吸水率、电子扫描电镜观察断面形貌确定其烧结程度及致密度,测试其强度进行比较.实验结果表明,陶瓷坯体掺入废玻璃不仅能降低烧成温度还能增加强度,添加9%、120目废玻璃粉的坯体强度增加16.73%.     

钙长石系轻质隔热砖的制备及钙长石形成过程

本文对钙长石系轻质隔热砖的泡沫法坯体成型技术和砖样烧成条件以及砖样煅烧过程中钙长石的形成情况进行了系统的实验研究.结果表明,控制铝酸盐水泥用量23%左右,料浆水固比0.71左右,借助于泡沫法可以制得干坯容重为370～450 kg/m3的轻质隔热砖坯体;添加0.3%ZnO作为烧结助剂,在1350～1380 ℃之间保温2 h可以制得容重低于550 kg/m3的钙长石系轻质隔热砖.XRD分析表明,在煅烧过程中轻质隔热砖配合原料体系于1000～1100 ℃之间钙长石开始形成,1100～1300 ℃之间钙长石的形成量随煅烧温度的提高而增加,1350 ℃时钙长石形成反应基本完成.     

木质素磺酸钙在卫生陶瓷泥浆中的应用研究

在卫生陶瓷生产中 ,普遍采用纯碱、水玻璃等电解质调整和改善泥浆的性能 ,起到了一定作用。但这类电解质仍存在不足之处 :①水玻璃用量大时 ,坯体脱模后硬化快、易开裂 ;②纯碱用量大时 ,坯体硬化慢 ,坯体软或外硬内软 ,且纯碱易受潮生成碳酸氢钠起促凝作用 ,影响泥浆的稀释效果 ;③不便于调整泥浆的可塑性、结合性。随着软质粘土类原料资源和质量的变化(资源减少、可塑性和结合性降低 )及减少粘土用量的需求 ,研究和使用适宜的电解质来改善泥浆的性能 ,提高干坯强度 ,具有较好的实际意义。1　实验1.1　实验用泥料配方砂岩 12 % ,长石 11% ,…     

精陶面砖坯料

四、以滑石为主要原料的精陶面砖坯体在混合精陶中,滑石的用量通常低于10％。而在以滑石为主要原料的精陶坯体——滑石质坯体中,滑石的用量可达35～80％,其他的原料主要为粘土或腊石,也可以掺加其他的熔剂性原料。滑石质坯体的优点为: ①干燥与烧成收缩小,产品平整,规格一致; ②湿膨胀小,不易产生后期龟裂; ③抗弯强度高; ④适于一次烧成。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

制备板状玻璃炭工艺中固化曲线的确定

固化处理是在玻璃炭制备工艺中很关键的阶段．在差热分析和热失重分析的基础上．建立了玻璃炭（GC）固化升温曲线，并与等速升温法作了比较．