国内外真空灌封技术进展

综述了国内外真空材料、真空灌封工艺、真空灌封设备、真空灌封质量检测方面的研究进展,分析了真空灌封技术的现状及存在的主要问题。     

干式稀油密封煤气柜密封油聚结-真空联合脱水工艺探讨

对煤气柜密封油进行聚结分离脱水、真空分离脱水、聚结-真空串联和聚结-真空并联的联合脱水。结果表明,相较于单纯的聚结分离脱水和真空分离脱水,密封油聚结-真空联合脱水具有较为明显的优势;相较于聚结-真空串联工艺,聚结-真空并联工艺可根据密封油工况调节聚结分离和真空分离的联合方式,在脱水效率、能耗方面的优势较为明显。     

生物质真空热解液化技术研究现状

对生物质真空热解液化技术特点、工艺路线、研究现状及多层真空热解磨反应器和熔盐加热真空热解反应器热解装置进行了介绍,指出该技术工业化过程中需要解决的问题是深入研究生物质的真空热解反应机理、催化真空热解反应机理以及生物质的真空热解动力学特性等.     

干式稀油密封煤气柜密封油聚结-真空联合脱水工艺探讨

对煤气柜密封油进行聚结分离脱水、真空分离脱水、聚结-真空串联和聚结-真空并联的联合脱水。结果表明,相较于单纯的聚结分离脱水和真空分离脱水,密封油聚结-真空联合脱水具有较为明显的优势;相较于聚结-真空串联工艺,聚结-真空并联工艺可根据密封油工况调节聚结分离和真空分离的联合方式,在脱水效率、能耗方面的优势较为明显。     

突破真空玻璃发展瓶颈的关键技术

本文论述了真空玻璃发展的技术瓶颈和价格瓶颈的根本原因是生产技术路线还存在严重的问题。着重介绍了作者在集成玻璃深加工、真空技术与装备和特种印刷技术等多学科先进技术基础上,创新成功的真空玻璃工业化生产技术与装备及形成的系列专利技术,例如《建筑真空玻璃板》、《建筑真空玻璃板的生产方法》、《生产建筑真空玻璃板的真空焊接炉》、《生产建筑真空玻璃板用的玻璃焊料》以及《钢化真空玻璃生产技术与装备》等。上述发明是突破真空玻璃发展瓶颈的关键技术,将为真空玻璃高质量、大批量、低成本的工业化生产和真空玻璃的应用推广,奠定可靠的技术基础。     

基于有限元分析的真空玻璃传热性能数值模拟研究

真空玻璃是具有优异保温、隔热、降噪性能的新型绿色建筑材料。本研究运用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6软件建立了相关物理模型,探究不同规格真空玻璃的性能差异及不同玻璃在节能建筑中的应用情况。结果表明：500 mm×500 mm规格的真空玻璃的保温性能强于200 mm×200 mm及100 mm×100 mm规格的真空玻璃。随着真空玻璃规格的增大,真空腔体积变大,导致边缘密封层占整个真空玻璃表面面积百分比减小,边缘密封层的传热对真空玻璃的传热影响减少,真空玻璃的保温性能因而得到增强。节能建筑中使用真空玻璃替换普通平板玻璃和中空玻璃可以达到更好的节能效果。建筑物在冬季使用真空玻璃7 d时室内平均温度比使用平板玻璃高出3.91 K,比中空玻璃高出2.25 K。     

基于有限元分析的真空玻璃传热性能数值模拟研究

真空玻璃是具有优异保温、隔热、降噪性能的新型绿色建筑材料。本研究运用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6软件建立了相关物理模型,探究不同规格真空玻璃的性能差异及不同玻璃在节能建筑中的应用情况。结果表明：500 mm×500 mm规格的真空玻璃的保温性能强于200 mm×200 mm及100 mm×100 mm规格的真空玻璃。随着真空玻璃规格的增大,真空腔体积变大,导致边缘密封层占整个真空玻璃表面面积百分比减小,边缘密封层的传热对真空玻璃的传热影响减少,真空玻璃的保温性能因而得到增强。节能建筑中使用真空玻璃替换普通平板玻璃和中空玻璃可以达到更好的节能效果。建筑物在冬季使用真空玻璃7 d时室内平均温度比使用平板玻璃高出3.91 K,比中空玻璃高出2.25 K。     

微波真空组合干燥技术的研究

微波真空干燥是综合微波干燥和真空干燥各自优点的一项新技术,将微波干燥的快速高效性和真空干燥的低温高质相结合,在真空条件下利用微波对物料进行干燥处理,从而实现物料的快速低温干燥。着重阐述了微波真空组合干燥技术的机理、特点、干燥动力学以及影响微波真空干燥的重要因素,并对微波真空组合干燥的应用研究进行了介绍。     

真空玻璃隔热原理分析及实验

利用辐射-边部传导耦合模式分析真空玻璃的隔热原理,通过传热通量和传热系数的计算,建立真空玻璃的传热方程,计算出真空玻璃结构沿厚度方向的温度分布和热流通量,对计算值和实验值进行了对比分析。结果表明,真空玻璃传热系数与真空压强正相关,真空度决定真空玻璃隔热性能;真空玻璃双面镀低辐射膜隔绝了较多的辐射热交换,其效果比单面镀膜好。     

全塑整芯输送带浸渍真空塔的设计

介绍了输送带带芯真空浸渍系统的结构、工作原理及其设计中的注意事项。真空浸渍系统采用真空吸出浸渍带芯中的剩余空气,可明显提高带芯的浸渍效果。在设计中要注意真空塔的气密性、真空塔的高度和真空塔板的强度。特别是塔板,必须经过槽钢加固后方可安全使用     

Dewatering of drinking water treatment sludge by vacuum electro-osmosis

The objective of this research was to evaluate the dewatering of drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) by vacuum electro-osmosis dewatering (VEOD) technology. DWTS has a high moisture content, with the water existing as free water, pore water, surface adhesion water and internal combined water. Vacuum filtration of 0.05 MPa can quickly dewater sludge and has low energy consumption, but can only remove free water and some pore water. The moisture content of the DWTS was reduced to below 79% by vacuum filtration technique alone. At this moisture content, all free water had been expelled by vacuum filtration. Electro-osmosis optimized for the experimental conditions (0.05 MPa, 2.5 V/cm) began after vacuum filtration ceased, and drew pore water and surface adhesion water to the cathode, where it was expelled through vacuum filtration. The VEOD process removed all free water. In addition, pore water and surface adhesion water were reduced by 60.2% and 15.9%, respectively.     

Influence of vacuum pressure,pH, and potential gradient on the vacuum electro-osmosis dewatering of drinking water treatment sludge

This paper describes research that evaluated the influence of vacuum pressure, pH, and potential gradient on the vacuum electro-osmosis dewatering (VEOD) of drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS). In the first phase of the VEOD process, a vacuum pressure of ?0.05 MPa was applied alone to DWTS for 30 min, removing almost all free water and part of pore water. In phase two, electro-osmosis was applied in combination with intermittent vacuum filtration, further reducing pore water and surface adhesion water in DWTS. However, statistical analysis indicated that the optimum dewatering parameter values were vacuum pressure at ?0.06 MPa, pH at 6.2, and potential gradient at 2.5 V/cm, which resulted in a relevant energy consumption of 0.35 kW.h/kg removed water.     

Optimizing Drying Conditions for the Microwave Vacuum Drying of Enzymes

The aim of this study was the methodological use of experimental planning for the optimization of microwave vacuum drying of enzymes using α-amylase as a model. A factorial in star designwas used to optimize the microwave vacuum–drying process, and the variables were power output and vacuum pressure. The material dehydrated by this technique was analyzed with regard to its enzymatic activity, water activity, and moisture content. Response surface methodology was used to estimate the main effects of vacuum pressure and power on the enzymatic and water activities. The experimental in star design revealed that microwave vacuum drying is influenced mainly by power. The dehydrated product showed high enzymatic activity and low water activity.     

水喷射真空冷凝泵对真空干燥系统的影响及提高措施

通过对水喷射真空冷凝泵系统工作原理进行分析。推导了水喷射真空冷凝泵各工作状态参数与设备真空度的关系式,研究了水泵的流量与压力及水喷射真空冷凝泵对真空低温连续干燥系统真空度的影响。指出水泵的额定流量与水喷射真空冷凝泵的水流量相匹配及低住安装有利于提高水喷射真空冷凝泵系统的工作效率。     

Experimental Approach to an Efficient and Versatile Water Filtration Vacuum Cleaner

A simple and robust suction technique is proposed for vacuum cleaning based on an innovative water filtration method for dry, wet, and water swab modes. The technique relies on applying vacuum above the free surface of water to drive the dust‐laden airstream to be released at constant depth below the water surface. Unlike conventional vacuum cleaner types, experimental measurements revealed that a high negative suction pressure availability and low exhaust air temperature with negligible and irrelevant increase in humidity levels were maintained regardless of the filling state. The proposed technique thus ensures more efficient utilization and conservation of energy.     

Compressive characteristics of cellular solids produced using vacuum-microwave, freeze, vacuum and hot air dehydration methods

Dried cellular solids were produced using different hydrocolloids such as locust bean gum, low methoxy pectin, methyl cellulose and tapioca starch. They were dried to less than 5% (w.b) moisture content using freeze-drying, vacuum drying, vacuum microwave drying or air-drying methods. The dry cellular solids were subjected to uniaxial compression using a Texture analyzer to study the compressive characteristics. True stress–strain relationship curves were developed for the dry cellular solids produced by different drying methods. Hencky’s strain was calculated for true strain. Comparisons of samples dried by different drying methods were done in terms of their compressive characteristics at various water activities. No matter the type of drying, the dried materials were brittle at low water activity, plastic at medium water activity and elastomeric at higher water activity levels. Due to non-uniformity in air-dried samples and more closed pores in vacuum dried samples as well as less mechanical strength, these two were considered inferior for production of strong elastomeric foams. Microwave vacuum dried foams were mechanically the strongest. All the microwave vacuum dried samples were close in their Young’s modulus. Increases in microwave power did not make any appreciable changes in pore structures although higher microwave power levels resulted in faster drying.     

间歇缩聚真空喷淋水系统的工艺改造

通过对间歇缩聚真空喷淋水系统真空密封罐 3 5 5 D 0 9和喷淋水过滤器 3 5 5 F 0 9的工艺改造 ,保证真空喷淋水系统的连续稳定运行     

Method to Characterize the Air Flow and Water Removal Characteristics during Vacuum Dewatering. Part I—Experimental Method

An experimental method using a novel design to characterize the air flow and water removal during vacuum dewatering in paper manufacturing is discussed. The experimental setup involves the intermittent application of vacuum, similar to commercial systems, using a rotating disk with slot opening arrangement. The system is capable of commercially realistic residence times of the order of milliseconds. The intermittent application of vacuum simulates vacuum dewatering on commercial paper machines. The air flow rate is calculated from changes in pressure and temperature in the vacuum tank underneath the sample. The role and importance of air flow during vacuum dewatering is studied by accurately measuring the air flow, properly taking into account the leaks during vacuum dewatering. The method described here provides for the first time accurate air flow and water removal data during vacuum dewatering. Methods of analysis of the experimental data are also presented. This information can be used to better understand the water removal process as well the role and importance of air flow during vacuum dewatering.     

Method to Characterize the Air Flow and Water Removal Characteristics during Vacuum Dewatering. Part I—Experimental Method

An experimental method using a novel design to characterize the air flow and water removal during vacuum dewatering in paper manufacturing is discussed. The experimental setup involves the intermittent application of vacuum, similar to commercial systems, using a rotating disk with slot opening arrangement. The system is capable of commercially realistic residence times of the order of milliseconds. The intermittent application of vacuum simulates vacuum dewatering on commercial paper machines. The air flow rate is calculated from changes in pressure and temperature in the vacuum tank underneath the sample. The role and importance of air flow during vacuum dewatering is studied by accurately measuring the air flow, properly taking into account the leaks during vacuum dewatering. The method described here provides for the first time accurate air flow and water removal data during vacuum dewatering. Methods of analysis of the experimental data are also presented. This information can be used to better understand the water removal process as well the role and importance of air flow during vacuum dewatering.     

真空脱氯法处理回收氯水

介绍了真空脱氯法处理回收氯水的原理和设备;并以山东阳煤恒通化工股份有限公司的运行效果为例,分析了采用真空脱氯法回收氯水的经济效益.