水性聚氨酯亲水性扩链剂的研究进展

水性聚氨酯在涂料、医学、胶黏剂等领域都有着广泛的应用,而扩链剂是合成聚氨酯的一种关键原料。在扩链剂上引入某些特征基团就会对聚氨酯的性能产生一定的影响,亲水性扩链剂可以使水性聚氨酯具有良好的分散性或自乳化性能。羧酸型和磺酸型亲水扩链剂是目前使用较为普遍的阴离子型亲水扩链剂材料。该文简述了扩链剂的定义、作用以及亲水性扩链剂的种类,综述了羧酸型和磺酸型亲水扩链剂的研究进展,详细分析了磺酸型水性聚氨酯的高耐水性、高柔软性,高固含量等性能以及相比于羧酸型水性聚氨酯在各方面性能上的优势。文中还简述了非离子型亲水扩链剂和两性亲水扩链剂的研究进展,并就成本、合成路线及环保方面对亲水性扩链剂的发展趋势作了展望。     

水性聚氨酯合成及其在玻纤上的应用

介绍了用于玻璃纤维的表面处理时,对水性聚氨酯的特别要求.实验采用二异氰酸酯与聚醚二元醇、亲水扩链剂反应合成水性聚氨酯.讨论了合成工艺和亲水扩链剂加入量等因素对水性聚氨酯性能的影响.研究发现:调整合成工艺参数、亲水扩链剂加入量能实现溶液的亲水性、弱阴离子性与成膜性能于玻纤应用中的最佳统一.     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料讲座(连载)

第六讲聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料聚氨酯石蜡泡由于具有绝热效果好,比强度大,电学性能佳,耐化学试剂及隔音效果优越等特点,已广泛用作保温,保冷材料,结构材料和“合成木材”等。聚氨酯硬泡的另一个特点是可以根据不同技术部门的使用要求,通过改变配方,调整原料规格及不同的施工工艺就能分别制成不同密度、硬度、耐热、耐燃及亲水亲油度等的性能的硬泡制品;还可制成增强复合材料,以代替木材、水泥以及钢材制品。从当今世界聚氨酯泡沫塑料消费结构上分析,硬泡的应用比例在逐年增加。世界能     

两亲聚氨酯弹性体(APU)的研究* Ⅰ.嵌段型APU制备及力学性能

以聚己二酸乙二酸为疏水组分,聚乙二醇为亲水组分,通过溶液聚合制备了具有嵌段结构的两亲聚氨酯弹性体。研究了亲疏水组分比例、软硬段比例、合成条件等因素对型ＡＰＵ力学性能的影响。     

水性聚氨酯的制备及其生化防护性能的研究

采用自乳化法合成了水性聚氨酯乳液,通过织物涂层法制备亲水聚氨酯膜复合材料.研究了乳化工艺对水性聚氨酯乳液的影响.检测了亲水聚氨酯膜复合材料对气溶胶、细菌、病毒及化学介质的防护性能,并与相关标准和其它材料进行了比较.结果表明,研制的亲水聚氨酯膜复合材料具有优良的生化防护性能,对微粒气溶胶和细菌气溶胶的过滤效率为99.99%,细菌悬液阻隔率和病毒阻隔率大于99.999%,酸性和碱性化学液体防护时间大于 600 s,碱性化学气体防护时间为 192 s.     

透明聚氨酯材料的研究进展及其应用

透明聚氨酯材料由于具有良好的光学性能、耐热性、耐磨性和机械性能可调控性,引起了科研工作者的极大兴趣。文章就国内外关于透明聚氨酯材料的合成过程及应用进行分类总结,分析了透明聚氨酯材料合成方法,指出各种合成方法的优缺点,并提出了透明聚氨酯材料发展的方向。     

亲水—疏水嵌段聚氨酯的合成及透湿性能

以聚己二酸亚乙基酯、聚乙二醇、ＴＤＩ、ＭＯＣＡ为原料，用预聚合法合成了亲水－疏水嵌段聚氨酯弹性体。该聚氨酯为非微孔结构的透湿材料，具有良好的力学性能和透湿性能，可用做皮革代用材料。     

侧基含铵盐的新型阳离子UV固化阴极电泳涂料

将叔胺位于主链的N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)和叔胺位于侧基的7,12-二氧-3,16-二氮-3,16-二乙基-5,14-十八二醇(DDDOD)分别作为亲水单体,与聚己内酯二元醇(PCL)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)等反应,制备聚氨酯分散体。通过聚氨酯的分散性、分散体平均粒径,比较了亲水基位于聚氨酯主链和侧基的两种单体的亲水性。结果表明,亲水基团位于侧基时,亲水效果比位于主链的好。将叔氨基位于侧基的单体DDDOD作为亲水单体,与PCL、IPDI反应,制备了聚氨酯,加入UV固化单体,分散得到UV固化的阴极电泳涂料。研究了涂料的乳液性能和UV固化后双键转化率和膜性能。     

耐高电压聚氨酯弹性体材料的制备与性能研究

在聚氨酯弹性体合成过程中,加入甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯水解产物,制备了耐高电压聚氨酯弹性体材料。对其进行了红外分析以及介电常数、体积电阻和力学性能的测定。研究结果表明,随着加入甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯含量的增加,聚氨酯抗拉强度有明显的增大,引入疏水氟基团,降低了聚氨酯的亲水性能,从而提高它的抗高电压能力。     

水性聚氨酯印花粘合剂的合成及应用研究

主要研究软段结构、亲水基团含量和n(—NCO)/n(—OH+—NH2)的比值等参数对水性聚氨酯性能的影响。研究表明使用聚酯聚醚共混、亲水基团含量为3%以及n(—NCO)/n(—OH+—NH2)的比值为1.1时,合成的水性聚氨酯用作印花粘合剂性能优异;应用测试表明,合成的水性聚氨酯用作印花粘合剂,总体性能优于市售产品。     

双亲性聚氨酯的制备和应用进展

综述了双亲性聚氨酯的结构分类,各种制备方法和亲疏水基团的引入方法,介绍了双亲性聚氨酯材料在弹性体、医用材料和表面活性剂等方面的应用。     

Intelligent polymeric surfaces through molecular self-assembly

Recently, stimuli-responsive surfaces have gained considerable interest among coatings researchers in industry as well as in academe. To date, many switchable surfaces based on such external stimuli as temperature, electricity, pH, and many others have been designed and developed. Environmentally switchable surfaces have been among the most widely studied surfaces since they are known to exhibit smart behavior under external influence. In the present work, we report the synthesis of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic polyurethane coatings with tethered hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic moieties. These coatings have been characterized and tested for mechanical properties and surface characteristics using such advanced instruments as the scanning probe microscope (SPM), dynamic contact angle analyzer (DCA), adhesion tester, and nanoindenter. The surfaces with tethered hydrophobic or hydrophilic moieties, when immersed in water, showed remarkable changes in the surface topography, hence, their dynamic surface characteristics. The amphiphilic surfaces, containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, showed intelligent behavior in response to the external environment. The ability to tailor surfaces with predictable behavior upon exposure to the external environment opens up enormous opportunities for their potential end-use applications. This paper was presented at the FSCT FutureCoat! 2007 Conference, Toronto, Canada, October 3–5, 2007, and was selected as the “best student paper” for the A.L. Hendry Award.     

双负载抗生素亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的制备与表征

因细菌、异物和炎症等因素引起的慢性伤口会有过量的伤口渗出液流出,影响伤口周围健康皮肤,不利于伤口愈合.针对以上问题,我们开发了双负载亲、疏水性抗生素的亲水性聚氨酯泡沫作为慢性伤口的创面敷料.通过电子显微镜观察,泡沫的孔径均匀地分布在200～400 μm之间.聚氨酯泡沫中载入的药物对聚氨酯泡沫的力学性能略有影响,对吸液率...     

基于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮合成非离子型水性聚氨酯

以偶氮二异丁氰（AIBN）为引发剂,异丙氧基乙醇（IPGE）和巯基乙醇（MCE）作链转移剂,合成低相对分子质量单端羟基的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（ PVP）。采用甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMEG,M_n=1 000）为原料, 1,4-丁二醇（BDO）和三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）作小分子扩链剂,添加羟基功能化的 PVP作亲水性链段,合成了以 PVP作为非离子亲水链段的水性聚氨酯分散体。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、激光解离基质飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）等方法对合成的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及水性聚氨酯进行分析表征。结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮链段可作为水性聚氨酯亲水性链段,并且合成出的非离子聚氨酯乳液具有耐电解质、冻融稳定性好的特性。     

Surface behavior and micelle morphology of novel nonionic polyurethane bolaform amphiphilic block copolymers

A novel series of nonionic bolaamphiphiles—polyurethane amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized by addition polymerization. Their chemical structures were characterized using FTIR and ¹H-NMR spectra. The critical micelle concentration was determined by surface tensiometer and UV-vis absorption spectra. The surface behaviors of copolymers at air/water interface were also investigated including the effects of concentration, molecular structure, electrolytes, and rest time. The results show that these bolaform polyurethane amphiphilic block copolymers exhibited excellent surface activity: PU₃₄ could attain surface tension as low as 35.6 mN m⁻¹. According to the images of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the copolymers could self-assemble star-like aggregates comprised of hydrophobic block PPO surrounded by hydrophilic block PEO. Moreover, variation of concentration, the weight fraction of the hydrophilic block (f_phil), and the molecular weight of the copolymers could lead to the transformation of micelle (or premicelle) morphology. This provides a new and simple way to obtain nanoparticles with control over structure on the nanometer scale.     

非离子型水分散性聚氨酯的制备及性能研究

主要讨论了以聚乙二醇为亲水单体,聚醚多元醇N220为多元醇制备非离子水性聚氨酯乳液。讨论了亲水单体的用量,NCO与OH比例对聚氨酯乳液及干膜性能的影响。并比较了阴离子型,阳离子型和非离子型聚氨酯乳液的性能。     

基于羧酸-磺酸盐的聚氨酯乳液的制备及性能研究

以二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和1,2-二羟基-3-丙磺酸钠(DHPA)为亲水扩连剂制备含有磺酸基团的水性聚氨酯微乳液。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对DHPA和水性聚氨酯的结构进行表征,证实了目标产物DHPA的生成,并作为亲水扩链剂引入PU链上。研究表明,随着DHPA含量增大,乳胶粒平均粒径减小,粒径分布宽度变窄。聚氨酯乳液呈假塑性流体特征。所制得的聚氨酯表面活性剂对丙烯酸单体具有良好的乳化性能,可用于乳液聚合中。     

Synthesis of biodegradable PU/PEGDA IPNs having micro-separated morphology for enhanced blood compatibility

Summary New biodegradable hydrophobic polyurethane (PU)/hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) IPN was simultaneously synthesized with changing the molecular weight of PEGDA to investigate the effect of crosslinking density on the degree of phase separation. PU was modified using biodegradable poly(-caprolactone)diol and the hydroxy group of PEG was substituted to crosslinkable acrylate group having double bond, which induce photo-polymerization. The sturucture of PEGDA was confirmed by NMR. Because the reaction rate of PEGDA was faster than that of PU, the continuous matrix of the micro-separated PU/PEGDA IPNs having amphiphilic character was made of hydrophilic PEGDA-rich phase. All IPNs have sea-island morphology resulting from the suppressed phase separation. The effect of the degree of phase separation on blood compatibility was investigated.     

无溶剂法制备水性聚氨酯工艺研究

用预聚体法制备水性聚氨酯,探讨在无溶剂的路线下水性聚氨酯的合成稳定性及实验操作的可行性。讨论了原料的选择、配比、DMPA加入方式、温度等因素的影响。通过实验得出的WPU合成工艺为:TDI和多元醇预聚阶段前期适宜的温度为60℃,亲水基团在预聚反应后期加入,反应温度为75~80℃,以二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂,二乙烯三胺为预聚阶段扩链剂,三乙胺为中和剂。     

基于磺酸盐的水性聚氨酯研究进展

用于水性聚氨酯(WPU)合成的磺酸盐包括小分子羟基磺酸盐、氨基磺酸盐以及含磺酸盐基团的聚醚和聚酯低聚物。小分子磺酸盐熔点高、脂溶性小,仅N-(2-氨基乙基)-氨基乙烷磺酸钠(AAS)在实际生产中得到应用,含磺酸盐基团的聚醚和聚酯低聚物作为WPU合成的亲水单体值得深入研究。