EII型多管旋风分离器分离性能的试验研究

为了系统评价EII型旋风分离器的分离性能,探究了入口气速为6～20.5m/s,入口颗粒质量浓度为8.6～17.5g/m~3时,多管旋风分离器的分离效率和压降。结果表明:多管旋风分离器的分离效率随入口气速和入口颗粒质量浓度的增大而出现先升高后下降的趋势,多管旋风分离器的压降随入口气速的增大而增大。在相同实验条件下,与单个旋风子相比,多管旋风分离器的压降升高幅度为20%～25%,分离效率下降不大于2%,具有很好的细粉尘捕集能力。     

直流导叶式旋风管性能的数值模拟研究

应用fluent6.3软件,RNG k-ε模型,对直流导叶式旋风管流场进行数值模拟,分析了装置的压降特性;应用欧拉-拉格朗日2相流思想,通过离散颗粒模型（DPM）模型,对装置在不同颗粒粒径下的分离效率进行了模拟.结果表明,直流导叶式旋风管压降和分离效率的影响因素主要包括气流进口流速和装置结构参数2方面.随着进口流速的增大,装置压降增大,分离效果显著提高;对于装置结构,则分剐研究了进口包括导流叶片偏转角及个数,分离段长度和排气管入口结构包括内径、插入深度及形状,得到部分结论为：增大导叶偏转角或增大分离段长度,压降增大,分离效果提高;增大排气管入口内径,压降减少,分离效果减弱;随着直筒、锥形、直筒＋锥形改变,压降逐渐减小.数值模拟结果与实验结果有较好的一致性,因此,数值模拟对于设计过程中压降和分离效果的预测起到了较好作用.     

输气站场多管旋风分离器流场分析

为了系统评价输气站场用多管导叶式旋风分离器的分离性能,模拟计算了入口速度7~27 m/s、颗粒密度1000~5000 kg/m3、颗粒浓度2.5~2500 g/m3、操作压力1~5 MPa条件下21管旋风分离器的分离效率和压降. 结果表明,多管旋风分离器的压降主要来自单管压降,约占整个压降的80%~90%,旋风子单独使用和并联使用时其流场分布规律相同,沿轴向对称分布,中心涡核处压力最低;分离效率和压降均随入口速度增大而增加,粒径为1~10 mm的固体颗粒分离效率从30.57%增加到63.86%,压降从9053 Pa增加到116864 Pa,在入口速度7~27 m/s范围内基本能除尽粒径大于6 mm的颗粒;随颗粒密度增加,分离效率增大,压降几乎不变;操作压力增大分离效率降低,而压降略增加. 各单管间进气量波动均不超过5%.     

旋流分离对天然气水合物除砂提纯的影响

针对固态流化开采方法开采海底天然气水合物含砂量大导致开采效率低的问题,提出原位分离工艺,设计了旋流分离装置,基于该装置利用CFD数值模拟方法研究了固相(砂和水合物颗粒)直径、入口浆体流量及浆体中砂浓度对装置分离性能的影响。结果表明,在研究范围内,砂和水合物分离效率大部分高于60%,最高达98.72%,压降大部分低于0.5 MPa,最低至0.03 MPa。砂粒分离效率随固相粒径增大先增大后趋于平稳,随浆体入口流量增大先增大后减小,随砂浓度增大而降低;水合物分离效率随固相粒径增大先增大后趋于平稳,随浆体入口流量增大先增大后减小,随砂浓度增大而降低。溢流口和底流口压降几乎不随固相粒径变化,随砂浓度和浆体入口流量增大而增大。固相粒径、入口流量、砂浓度对分离性能有较大影响,在砂粒径大于20 ?m、水合物粒径大于40 ?m、浆体入口流量约5 m3/h、入口砂浓度不超过25vol%的条件下分离性能良好。     

竖直转折入口结构旋风分离器流场模拟

采用雷诺应力模型（Reynolds Stress Model,RSM）对在竖直方向带转折入口烟道结构分离器气相流场进行数值模拟,采用拉格朗日法追踪了分离器内颗粒的运动轨迹。结果表明：分离器气固流场与已有试验结果基本吻合;在相同入口面积下,在竖直方向上带有转折烟道结构旋风分离器B的效率比传统直段入口结构旋风分离器A的分离效率更高,同时分离器B的压降更大。分离器B的转折烟道结构可使入射颗粒在分离器B筒体入口具有向下的速度分量,利于提高分离效率。     

天然气净化用多管旋风分离器的分离性能

为了系统评价天然气净化用多管旋风分离器的分离性能,在线测量了入口气速6~24 m/s、入口颗粒浓度30~2000 mg/m3范围内多管旋风分离器的分离效率和分级效率. 结果表明,多管旋风分离器的分离效率和分级效率都随入口气速和入口颗粒浓度增大而提高. 与单管旋风分离器相比,在相同实验条件下,多管旋风分离器的分离效率下降2%~15%;单管旋风分离器基本能除净粒径大于10 mm的颗粒,而多管旋风分离器只能去除15 mm以上的颗粒. 多管旋风分离器的压降主要是内部单管旋风分离器的压降,占整个压降的80%~90%.     

基于响应曲面法径向入口旋风分离器的结构优化

采用流体力学软件对不同结构径向入口旋风分离器的气固两相流场进行了数值模拟,并基于响应曲面法得到旋风分离器的压降模型及分离效率模型。结果表明升气管直径和入口角度对旋风分离器的分离性能影响较大,且两者对旋风分离器分离性能的影响有着很强的交互作用;直筒段高度、锥体高度及升气管插入深度对分离性能影响相对较弱;下降管直径对分离效率影响较大,但对压降影响较弱;随着下降管长度的增大,压降不断增大,分离效率先减小后增大;在考虑压降及分离效率权重的基础上,得到了最优性能的旋风分离器结构,通过比较该结构旋风分离器的分离性能,发现模拟值和模型预测值吻合良好。     

多管水力除砂器内液-固两相流的数值模拟

通过数值模拟的方法,采用RSM湍流模型对多管式水力除砂器内液-固两相流场进行了研究。研究表明:进液室的流场分布、压力分布影响各单管入口流量及速度分布;除砂器内颗粒运动的轨迹包括储料室捕集和集液室逃逸;将1000个颗粒同时射入除砂器总入口,跟踪每个颗粒得到颗粒的入管比例和分离效率,单管的颗粒入管比例与流量呈正相关,单管分离效率受速度分布影响出现差异;随着颗粒粒径增大,从单管分离出的颗粒在储料罐内的沉降速度也增大;综合各单管的颗粒入管比例和分离效率对除砂器分离系统的结构提出改进方向。     

旋风分离器分离性能的数值模拟与分析

以XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0两种旋风分离器为原型,采用CFD软件对这两种旋风分离器进行了流场与分离效率的数值模拟,初步探讨了入口蜗壳形式与芯管结构对分离效率的影响。模拟结果显示:旋风分离器内流场呈各向异性分布特点,切向速度是影响分离效率的首要因素,径向速度的存在会造成"流场短路"现象,使轴向速度呈不对称分布,导致分离效率的降低。轴向速度与径向速度的共同作用促使颗粒在旋风分离器内做螺旋运动;XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0的分离效率分别为92.55%和94.96%,与实验结果基本吻合,且不同芯管参数下XCX型的分离效率比XLPB型高;螺旋式入口蜗壳(XCX-5.0型)对旋风分离器上部流场的影响相比直流式入口蜗壳(XLPB-5.0型)复杂;对于两种旋风分离器,随着芯管直径的增大,分离效率逐渐变小;随着芯管深度的增大,分离效率先增大后减小。     

旋风筒中磷石膏颗粒浓度分布的电容层析法实验研究

采用双层电容层析法在线测量旋风筒中磷石膏颗粒的径向分布浓度,考察风速、气相中磷石膏颗粒质量浓度、排料口直径对颗粒浓度分布和分离效率的影响。结果表明:磷石膏颗粒在旋风筒中呈环状分布,中心处颗粒浓度小,筒壁处颗粒浓度最大;风速增大,磷石膏径向颗粒浓度减小,分离效率呈现先增大后降低的趋势,有利于改善传热效率,不利于SO_2浓度提升;气相中磷石膏颗粒质量浓度增大,磷石膏径向颗粒浓度增大,分离效率提高,不利于改善传热效率,有利于SO_2浓度提升;不同的风速存在不同的适宜排料口直径。     

Multi-object optimization study on the performance of gas cyclones based on heterogeneous condensation and turbulent agglomeration

Improving the separation efficiency of fine particles becomes more and more critical as environmental pollution aggravates. This study aims to investigate the effects of four key parameters on the performance of gas cyclones, including cyclone body height, particle concentration, initial supersaturation degree, and inlet temperature. Then, the two-way coupling numerical model, in which is the process of heterogeneous condensation and agglomeration for insoluble fine particles, was achieved by user defined function. On this basis, the response surface analysis method and multi-objective genetic algorithm were adopted to optimize the cyclone. The results show that when the particle concentration is less than 1000 mg/m³, the separation efficiency can reach above 95%. The initial supersaturation degree has the greatest effect on the separation efficiency and vapour consumption rate, while the cyclone body height is the most critical factor on the pressure drop. As the particle concentration increases, the separation efficiency decreases at first and then keeps almost stable. With the increase of inlet temperature, the separation efficiency is enhanced, and the pressure drop reduces. These research results can provide important guidance for the optimization and engineering application of this technology.     

多效旋风分离器性能的实验研究

多效旋风分离器通过采用2级螺旋管预分离含尘气体、螺旋形顶盖板导流、筒体中心稳流锥稳流和吸气回流系统防止粉尘返混等措施,解决了在旋风流场中分离微米及亚微米级颗粒的难题。文中通过实验研究了直径为0.25 m的多效旋风分离器的压降、分离效率和进口风速的关系,实验物料粒径范围为0.1—23μm,平均粒径为7.59μm。结果表明:在10—14 m/s入口风速时,对0.1—3μm颗粒的分离效率大于90%,对大于5μm颗粒的分离效率接近100%,压降在500—1 000 Pa。风速大于16 m/s时,对0.1—2μm颗粒的分离效率大于75%。     

Effect of the Solid Loading on a PFBC Cyclone with Pneumatic Extraction of Solids

This paper presents the effects of solid loading on the performance of a cyclone with pneumatic extraction of solids. The cyclone is a non‐conventional design, especially used for hot‐gas cleaning applications such as pressurized fluidized bed combustors (PFBC). A scaled‐down cold‐flow model was employed for the research. Experiments were conducted at 9–14 m/s inlet gas velocities, inlet solid loadings ranging from 30 to 230 g/kg gas, and bottom gas extraction percentages from 0.3 to 1.5%. Experimental results of pressure drop resistance coefficients and collection efficiency were compared with literature predictions. At PFBC operating conditions, cyclone geometry and solid concentration are the main parameters influencing cyclone pressure drop and collection efficiency. The vortex penetration in dipleg causes lower pressure drop values and higher collection efficiencies than predicted. These parameters can be suitably predicted for PFBC cyclones by introducing a modified penetration length in Muschelknautz's model [1]. For the present cyclone design, a new correlation of pressure drop, including the influence of solid loading, is proposed. A new method for detecting cyclone fouling, not previously addressed, is also presented, based on the evolution of the pressure drop resistance coefficient. An enhanced separation efficiency has been found, related to collection efficiency, which is especially important for particle sizes below 10 μm revealing agglomeration effects.     

Effects of Surface Roughness on the Performance of Tangential Inlet Cyclone Separators

This study is carried out to investigate the effects of surface roughness on the flow field and cyclone performance. The flow inside the cyclone separator is modeled as a three-dimensional turbulent continuous gas flow with solid particles as a discrete phase. The continuous gas flow is predicted by solving the governing equations by using the Reynolds Stress turbulence model, and the modeling of the particle motions is based on a Lagrangian approach. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with experimental data as well as with the results of mathematical models. Analysis of computed results shows that increase of relative roughness due to corrosion, wear, or accumulation of particles on the inner walls considerably influences the tangential velocity, cyclone separation efficiency, and cyclone pressure drop especially for high inlet velocities. Decreases in cyclone collection efficiency and pressure drop with the increase in surface roughness are found to be more pronounced for high values of relative roughness.     

Determining Cyclone Particle Holdup by Pressure Drop for a CFB Boiler

An experimental study was conducted to assess the possibility of determining particle holdup by measuring the pressure drop of a conventional cyclone used in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. It was found that within a wide range of inlet solid concentrations, i.e., 0.54–4.42 kg/kg‐gas, the cyclone pressure drop increased linearly with inlet solid concentration at a given gas velocity, while the pressure drop between the dust exit and the vortex finder of the cyclone remained almost constant. Since particle holdup increases virtually linearly with solid flow rate, the particle holdup in the cyclone can be derived from the cyclone pressure drop, and therefore, an equation set was proposed to calculate the particle holdup from the cyclone pressure drop.     

Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology

A cyclone technology for a vacuum cleaner—axial inlet flow cyclone and the tangential inlet flow cyclone — to collect dusts efficiently and reduce pressure drop has been studied experimentally. The optimal design factors such as dust collection efficiency, pressure drop, and cut-size being the particle size corresponding to the fractional collection efficiency of 50% were investigated. The particle cut-size decreases with reduced inlet area, body diameter, and vortex finder diameter of the cyclone. The tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone has good performance taking into account the low pressure drop of 350 mmAq and the cut-size of 1.5 μm in mass median diameter at the flow rate of 1 m³/min. A vacuum cleaner using tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone shows the potential to be an effective method for collecting dusts generated in the household.     

CFD–DEM simulation of the gas–solid flow in a cyclone separator

In this work, a numerical study of the gas–solid flow in a gas cyclone is carried out by use of the combined discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model where the motion of discrete particles phase is obtained by DEM which applies Newton’s equations of motion to every individual particle and the flow of continuum fluid by the traditional CFD which solves the Navier–Stokes equations at a computational cell scale. The model successfully captures the key flow features in a gas cyclone, such as the strands flow pattern of particles, and the decrease of pressure drop and tangential velocity after loading solids. The effect of solid loading ratio is studied and analysed in terms of gas and solid flow structures, and the particle–gas, particle–particle and particle–wall interaction forces. It is found that the gas pressure drop increases first and then decreases when solids are loaded. The reaction force of particles on gas flow is mainly in the tangential direction and directs mainly upward in the axial direction. The reaction force in the tangential direction will decelerate gas phase and the upward axial force will prevent gas phase from flowing downward in the near wall region. The intensive particle–wall collision regions mainly locate in the wall opposite to the cyclone inlet and the cone wall. Moreover, as the solid loading ratio increases, number of turns travelled by solids in a cyclone decreases especially in the apex region of the cyclone while the width of solid strands increases, the pressure drop and tangential velocity decrease, the high axial velocity region moves upwards, and the radial flow of gas phase is significantly dampened.