新型分子印迹生物传感器在癌症生物标志物中的应用

癌症生物标志物作为一种特定的身体中可测量的指标，可以通过自身产生的变化来监测癌症健康状况，对于癌症的预防、早期诊断和精准治疗具有重要意义。因此，面向典型疾病标志物的快速检测与精准分析已成为科学研究和临床诊断的热点领域。基于分子印迹的生物传感器由于其灵敏度高、响应速度快、特异性强以及成本低等优点，有望成为癌症生物标志物快速检测的新手段，在癌症临床分析领域得到了广泛研究。本综述简要介绍了分子印迹聚合物的合成方法和策略，分子印迹与电化学、表面等离子共振和光学分析集成的传感技术和手段，以及分子印迹生物传感在癌症生物标志物的应用。最后本综述就目前国内外关于分子印迹传感器在分析检测癌症生物标志物领域的应用现状进行了总结和讨论，并展望了其未来发展前景。     

近红外光谱分析技术及其在油脂领域的应用

主要综述了近10年来近红外光谱分析技术的发展状况,重点介绍了该技术在油脂领域的应用,利用近红外进行定性分析,可对油脂中的组分进行判别,也可判断油的品质及是否掺假。进行定量分析可检测油脂中脂肪酸、碘价、酸价和过氧化值等多种物理化学指标及其中的油含量。展望了近红外光谱分析技术的发展前景。     

Chiral vibrational structures of proteins at interfaces probed by sum frequency generation spectroscopy

We review the recent development of chiral sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and its applications to study chiral vibrational structures at interfaces. This review summarizes observations of chiral SFG signals from various molecular systems and describes the molecular origins of chiral SFG response. It focuses on the chiral vibrational structures of proteins and presents the chiral SFG spectra of proteins at interfaces in the C-H stretch, amide I, and N-H stretch regions. In particular, a combination of chiral amide I and N-H stretches of the peptide backbone provides highly characteristic vibrational signatures, unique to various secondary structures, which demonstrate the capacity of chiral SFG spectroscopy to distinguish protein secondary structures at interfaces. On the basis of these recent developments, we further discuss the advantages of chiral SFG spectroscopy and its potential application in various fields of science and technology. We conclude that chiral SFG spectroscopy can be a new approach to probe chiral vibrational structures of protein at interfaces, providing structural and dynamic information to study in situ and in real time protein structures and dynamics at interfaces.     

光谱法在癌症诊断中的应用

癌症是导致人类死亡的重大疾病之一,严重的危害人类的生命健康。实验研究表明,现今有效治愈癌症的能力直接取决于癌症早期检出的能力。光谱技术（诸如：质谱法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱法等等）作为一种检测方法,广泛应用于癌症的早期诊断方面的研究,为癌症的医学诊断提供了理论依据,本文对光谱法在癌症早期诊断中的应用作一简单介绍。     

Development of a ligation-based impedimetric DNA sensor for single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with metabolic syndrome

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection is becoming important in molecular diagnostics, clinical assay, and novel drug development. Electrochemical methods are well suited for the DNA diagnostics system. Since electrochemical reactions directly emit an electronic signal, expensive signal transduction equipment is not required. We describe the development of a novel DNA sensor that utilizes impedance spectroscopy and DNA ligation reaction on a gold electrode. Impedance spectroscopy enables label-free detection and is nondestructive and useful in equivalent circuit models for interpretation on an electrode surface, whereas from the ligation reaction, the specificity is derived by the allele-specific oligonucleotide of the capture probe on immobilized gold electrode. In other words, DNA diagnostics system using the combination of impedance spectroscopy and ligation reaction is simple, rapid, and allele specific. In this report, we have described a ligation-based impedimetric DNA sensor and the analysis of Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRβ3).     

天然气长输管道泄漏检测技术进展

天然气管道泄漏检测技术可分为直接检漏和间接检漏两种类型。综述了国内外泄漏检测技术的原理、技术特点和优缺点,认为间接检测中的无损检测技术具有良好的应用价值,是未来检测技术的发展方向。     

Continuous Gradient Temperature Raman Spectroscopy of Oleic and Linoleic Acids from −100 to 50 °C

We analyzed the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (OA, 18:1n‐9) and linoleic (LA, 18:2n‐3), and a 3:1 LA:OA mixture from ?100 to 50 °C with continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy (GTRS). The 20 Mb three‐dimensional data arrays with 0.2 °C increments and first/second derivatives allowed rapid, complete assignment of solid, liquid, and transition state vibrational modes. For OA, large spectral and line width changes occurred in the solid state γ to α transition near ?4 °C, and the melt (13 °C) over a range of only 1 °C. For LA, major intensity reductions from 200 to 1750 cm^?1 and some peak shifts marked one solid state phase transition at ?50 °C. A second solid state transition (?33 °C) had minor spectral changes. Large spectral and line width changes occurred at the melt transition (?7 °C) over a narrow temperature range. For both molecules, melting initiates at the diene structure, then progresses towards the ends. In the 3:1 LA:OA mixture, some less intense and lower frequencies present in the individual lipids are weaker or absent. For example, modes assignable to C8 rocking, C9H–C10H wagging, C10H–C11H wagging, and CH3 rocking are present in OA but absent in LA:OA. Our data quantify the concept of lipid premelting and identify the flexible structures within OA and LA, which have characteristic vibrational modes beginning at cryogenic temperatures.     

Modeling of oil near-infrared spectroscopy based on similarity and transfer learning algorithm

Near-infrared spectroscopy mainly reflects the frequency-doubled and total-frequency absorption information of hydrogen-containing groups (0 -H, C-H, N-H, S-H) in organic molecules for near-infrared lights with different wavelengths, so it is applicable to testing of most raw materials and products in the field of petrochemicals. However, the modeling process needs to collect a large number of laboratory analysis data. There are many oil sources in China, and oil properties change frequently. Modeling of each raw material is not only unfeasible but also will affect its engineering application efficiency. In order to achieve rapid modeling of near-infrared spectroscopy and based on historical data of different crude oils under different detection conditions, this paper discusses about the feasibility of the application of transfer learning algorithm and makes it possible that transfer learning can assist in rapid modeling using certain historical data under similar distributions under a small quantity of new data. In consideration of the requirement of transfer learning for certain similarity of different datasets, a transfer learning method based on local similarity feature selection is proposed. The simulation verification of spectral data of 13 crude oils measured by three different probe detection methods is performed. The effectiveness and application scope of the transfer modeling method under different similarity conditions are analyzed.     

Nondestructive rapid and quantitative analysis for the curing process of silicone resin by near-infrared spectra

Reactive group content was a key parameter in polymer curing process. However, the conventional methods to measure the curing were destructive and time consuming. In this article, near-infrared spectra technology had been applied for reactive group analysis of the photothermal curing silicone to achieve rapid nondestructive and quantitative detection. The calibration model was developed about epoxy value and CC double bond value, with determination coefficient (R²) of 0.9631 and 0.9689. Root mean square error of prediction were 0.0179 and 0.0143 by partial least square regression. The optimized calibration model was used to predict the content of epoxy value and CC double bond value in the photothermal curing process, it proved that the silicone resin cured under UV-radiation and heat. This novel method provided a promising approach to analysis the curing mechanism and quality parameters of resin.     

Laser photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopies as novel characterization methods for microparticles

Photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy methods can be effectively applied to the characterization of single microparticles. As the optical beam deflection method, in which a thermal wave generated by non-radiative transition is detected by deflection of a probe beam, is sensitive for a single microparticle, and is a remote-measurement method without using a cell, it is suitable for nondestructive characterization of microparticles. This method was applied to determination of chemical species adsorbed on a single microparticle, and spectral differences between leukemia and normal white blood corpuscles could be obtained. A more violent photothermal conversion phenomenon of a particle, laser breakdown and accompanying plasma and acoustic emission, was applied to individual detection and analysis of ultrafine particles in liquids. Laser-like nonlinear emission from the plasma was observed.     

Raman spectroscopy as process analytical tool in downstream processing of biotechnology

Downstream processing or product recovery plays a vital role in the development of bioprocesses. To improve the bioprocess efficiency, some unconventional methods are much required. The continuous manufacturing in downstream processing makes the Process Analytical Technologies (PATs) as an important tool. Monitoring and controlling bioprocess are an essential factor for the principles of PAT and quality by design. Spectroscopic methods can apply to monitor multiple analytes in real-time with less sample processing with significant advancements. Raman spectroscopy is an extensively used technique as an analytical and research tool owing to its modest process form, non-destructive, non-invasive optical molecular spectroscopic imaging with computer-based analysis. Generally, its application is essential for the analysis and characterization of biological samples, and it is easy to operate with minimal sample. The innovation on various types of enhanced Raman spectroscopy was designed to enhance the Raman analytical technique. Raman spectroscopy could couple with chemometrics to provide reliable alternative analysis method of downstream process analysis. Thus, this review aims to provide useful insight on the application of Raman spectroscopy for PAT in downstream processing of biotechnology and Raman data analysis in biological fields.     

红外光谱法植物油脂分析研究进展

综述了红外光谱法在植物油脂油定性识别及定量分析中的应用。介绍了红外光谱法分析植物油脂的基本原理。论述了红外光谱法在油脂理化参数的定量分析的研究进展。展望了红外光谱法在油脂检测中的应用前景。提出多种方法联合运用的检测油脂的新思路,为红外光谱法油脂快速分析检以及定性识别分析提供参考。     

刍议压力容器的无损检测技术

压力容器长期间且持续性的使用将致使其使用性能极易受到外界环境条件相关因素的影响,由此可能导致压力容器处理腐蚀、开裂甚至是损毁等质量问题。为最大限度的确保压力容器运行作业的安全性与可靠性,有必要对其进行系统化的无损检测。本文依据这一实际情况,以无损检测技术为研究对象,着眼于压力容器运行实际情况,从压力容器无损检测技术分析以及超声检测技术在压力容器无损检测中的实践应用分析这两个方面入手,围绕压力容器的无损检测技术这一中心问题展开了较为详细的分析与阐述,并据此论证了无损检测技术的应用在进一步提高压力容器运行质量、运行安全性以及运行可靠性的过程中所发挥的至关重要的作用与意义。     

近红外光谱在油品快速分析中的应用

各项性能指标合格的油品是用油机械正常运行的前提和保证。因此,油品性质的快速检测具有重要的经济和军用价值。阐述了傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术测定油品多项物理性质的原理,介绍了其与化学计量学相结合进行油品快速分析的方法,综述了近红外光谱技术在油品快速分析领域中的应用现状,最后展望了其发展方向。     

Electrochemical Sensors for Detection of Markers on Tumor Cells

In recent years, the increasing incidence and mortality of cancer have inspired the development of accurate and rapid early diagnosis methods in order to successfully cure cancer; however, conventional methods used for detecting tumor cells, including histopathological and immunological methods, often involve complex operation processes, high analytical costs, and high false positive rates, in addition to requiring experienced personnel. With the rapid emergence of sensing techniques, electrochemical cytosensors have attracted wide attention in the field of tumor cell detection because of their advantages, such as their high sensitivity, simple equipment, and low cost. These cytosensors are not only able to differentiate tumor cells from normal cells, but can also allow targeted protein detection of tumor cells. In this review, the research achievements of various electrochemical cytosensors for tumor cell detection reported in the past five years are reviewed, including the structures, detection ranges, and detection limits of the cytosensors. Certain trends and prospects related to the electrochemical cytosensors are also discussed.     

Quantitative determination of castor oil in edible and heat-abused oils by13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Application of¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for detection of castor oil (CO) in various edible oils, such as coconut oil, palm oil, groundnut oil and mustard oil, is described. Characteristic signals observed at δ 132.4, δ 125.6, δ 71.3, δ 36.8 and δ 35.4 ppm, due to C10, C9, C12, C13 and C11 carbons of ricinoleic acid (RA) in CO, were selected for distinguishing it from edible oils. Quantitative¹³C NMR spectra of oils were recorded in CDCl₃ with a gated decoupling technique. The minimum detection limits for qualitative and quantitative analyses were 2.0 and 3.0%, respectively. The proposed method is simple, nondestructive and requires no sample pretreatment. Its application to heat-abused oils has also been demonstrated successfully without any of the interferences observed in most other methods.     

Single Cell Confocal Raman Spectroscopy of Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes: A Preliminary Study

A great deal of effort has been focused on exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA) especially at the cellular level. We report a confocal Raman spectroscopic investigation on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. The objective of this investigation is to identify molecular features and the stage of OA based on the spectral signatures corresponding to bio-molecular changes at the cellular level in chondrocytes. In this study, we isolated chondrocytes from human osteoarthritic cartilage and acquired Raman spectra from single cells. Major spectral differences between the cells obtained from different International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades of osteoarthritic cartilage were identified. During progression of OA, a decrease in protein content and an increase in cell death were observed from the vibrational spectra. Principal component analysis and subsequent cross-validation was able to associate osteoarthritic chondrocytes to ICRS Grade I, II and III with specificity 100.0%, 98.1%, and 90.7% respectively, while, sensitivity was 98.6%, 82.8%, and 97.5% respectively. The overall predictive efficiency was 92.2%. Our pilot study encourages further use of Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive and label free technique for revealing molecular features associated with osteoarthritic chondrocytes.     

Application of Particle Measurement Technology in Process Intensification

The competitive pressure in the chemical industry makes it necessary to take measures that enable processes to be drastically improved in order to remain competitive also in the future. For the development and implementation of such process‐intensive measures, it is expedient to perform a complete analysis of the process of interest. This approach is demonstrated using a size reduction process for a particulate active substance as an example. Correlations between the dispersion characteristics and quality characteristics of the product were found using two complementary methods of particle measurement technology, ultrasonic spectroscopy and laser diffraction. These methods make it possible to analyze the efficiency of the comminution apparatuses, but also of the processes. Ultrasonic spectroscopy can be used as a measurement method for local process control.     

Analyzing seed weight,fatty acid composition,oil, and protein contents in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vernonia galamensis</Emphasis> germplasm by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Vernonia galamensis is a potential new industrial oilseed crop from the Asteraceae family. The interest in this species is due to the presence of a high vernolic acid content of its seed oil, which is useful in the oleochemical industry for paints and coatings. The development of a rapid, precise, robust, nondestructive, and economical method to evaluate quality components is of major interest to growers, processors, and breeders. NIR reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is routinely used for the prediction of quality traits in many crops. This study was conducted to establish a rapid analytical method for determining the quality of intact seeds of V. galamensis. A total of 114 Vernonia accessions were scanned to determine seed weight, FA composition, oil, and protein contents using NIRS. Conventional chemical analysis for FA composition, total oil, and protein contents were performed by GC, Soxhlet extraction, and the Dumas combustion method, respectively. Calibration equations were developed and tested through cross-validation. The coefficient of determination in cross-validation for FA ranged from 0.47 (linoleic acid) to 0.55 (vernolic acid), and for oil, protein, and seed weight from 0.71 (oil) to 0.86 (seed protein). It was concluded that NIRS calibration equations developed for seed weight and seed quality traits can be satisfactorily used as early screening methods in V. galamensis breeding programs.     

Polymer molecular behaviors at buried polymer/metal and polymer/polymer interfaces and their relations to adhesion in packaging

Packaging materials are widely used in modern microelectronics. The interfacial structures of packaging materials determine the adhesion properties of these materials. Weak adhesion or delamination at interfaces involving packaging materials can lead to failure of microelectronic devices. Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular structures of such interfaces. However, it is difficult to study molecular structures of buried interfaces due to the lack of appropriate analytical techniques. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has recently been used to probe buried solid/solid interfaces to understand molecular structures and behaviors such as the presence, coverage, ordering, orientation, and diffusion of functional groups at buried interfaces and their relations to adhesion in situ in real time. In this review, we describe our recent progress in the development of nondestructive methodology to examine buried polymer/metal interfaces and summarize how the developed methodology has been used to elucidate adhesion mechanisms at buried polymer/metal interfaces using SFG. We also elucidated the molecular interactions between polymers and various model and commercial epoxy materials, and the correlations between such interactions and the interfacial adhesion, providing in-depth understanding on the adhesion mechanisms of polymer adhesives.