CFD在精馏分离中的应用

计算流体力学(CFD)是研究精馏塔内气液两相流动和传质的重要工具.本文介绍了板式塔和填料塔内气液流动状况,塔板上和填料层的流体力学模型,论述了国内外CFD技术在精馏塔流场模拟方面的应用,指出了CFD技术在精馏领域的发展方向,对于板式塔,应充分考虑气液两相间的相互作用,对于填料塔,应根据填料的具体形状建立每个孔道的流体力学方程,进行更接近实际的三维两相流模拟.     

基于OpenFOAM模拟精馏塔板的气液流动

本研究对筛孔型精馏塔板上的空气-水两相流进行了模拟，模拟方法采用基于开源软件平台OpenFOAM的双流体模型框架。模拟体系选用Solari-Bell经典实验体系，研究了不同操作条件下的气液两相流动参数，包括清液层高度、气相速度、液相速度和塔板压降等，模拟结果与实验结果的变化趋势基本一致。基于CFD模拟结果，分析了不同工况下塔内气液两相速度场与气含率分布等流动参数，结果表明本工作可以较好地捕捉塔板上的气液流动特征。进一步地，讨论了应用OpenFOAM模拟精馏塔内气液两相流动的若干影响因素，在此基础上分析了气液错流体系相间曳力对模拟结果的影响，实现了与使用商业软件模拟结果相接近的预测效果，验证了使用OpenFOAM模拟精馏塔体系的可行性。     

规整填料塔气液传质基础理论研究进展

填料塔中气液两相的流体流动与分布、返混、传质问题一直是影响填料塔传质性能的重要因素,对规整填料塔内的气液两相流动与分布、返混、气液两相在常压和高压下的传质特性、Marangoni效应以及计算流体力学(CFD)在规整填料塔中的应用等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述.     

填料塔基础理论研究新进展

规整填料塔具有效率高、压降低、放大效应不明显等优点,其成功应用有赖于对二相流动与传质的深入认识。文中综述了规整填料塔内的气液二相流动与分布、返混、气液二相在常压和高压下的传质特性、M arangon i效应以及计算流体力学(CFD)在规整填料塔中的应用等方面的国内外研究进展。填料塔内液体的分布与返混的研究较多,气相的流动分布与返混特性的研究较少,高压传质、M arangon i效应,特别是利用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟填料塔内的液体流动与传质等已逐渐成为研究的热点。     

新型正交波纹板流体力学性能CFD模拟

介绍一种新型穿流塔板--正交波纹板。以欧拉-欧拉两相流模型为基础,建立了正交波纹板上气液两相流场的三维数学模型。CFD模型中主要考虑了气液两相间的曳力作用,相间动量传递源相采用Krishna计算方法。以清液层高度为指标,对CFD模型的可靠性进行了验证。在不同气液负荷下,对正交波纹板的压降、板上液相速度分布及塔内气液分布状况等流体力学性能进行了研究,并与淋降筛板进行对比,结果表明正交波纹板具有更高的操作弹性和更好的操作稳定性。     

气液两相逆流状态下金属板波纹填料塔内液体流动分布

填料塔内液体流动分布状况直接关系到塔内气液两相的有效接触,影响塔的操作性能.由于液体分布不良,造成填料塔内局部区域的气液比与全塔宏观的气液比有显著差别,从而大大降低塔的总传质效率.因此,填料塔内的液体分布     

气液两相逆流状态下金属板波纹填料塔内液体流动分布

<正>填料塔内液体流动分布状况直接关系到塔内气液两相的有效接触,影响塔的操作性能.由于液体分布不良,造成填料塔内局部区域的气液比与全塔宏观的气液比有显著差别,从而大大降低塔的总传质效率.因此,填料塔内的液体分布     

逆向气流对薄膜流动特性影响研究

气液二相逆流的降膜流动形式是规整填料塔内常见的流动形式,与气液并流模式相比,采用气液逆流的进料方式更有利于物质的交换。文中将在传热传质中起决定性作用的平板和波纹板上薄膜流体微观流动作为研究对象,对逆流气体存在下的薄膜流动特性进行数值仿真。采用开源CFD软件OpenFOAM进行建模,利用基于VOF法的inter Foam求解器,重点分析了不同逆流气速下,薄膜流体自由界面形状、自由界面速度、厚度方向上速度分布和流线图的变化。研究了倾斜平板和波纹板上薄膜流体受逆向气速的影响,分析发现相比平板上的两相流动,波纹板上的液膜受逆向气流的影响更复杂和剧烈,波动性更强,有助于传热传质的进行。     

组合导向浮阀塔板的CFD模拟及反向流分析

精馏塔板上的气液两相流动对传质效率有重要影响。根据实验数据拟合得到平均气含率关联式,将其加入动量源项,采用Fluent软件对1.2 m直径的组合导向浮阀塔板上的气液两相流动进行CFD模拟,考察了塔板上的气液两相流动状况。清液层高度的模拟结果与实验数据关联式相吻合,验证了模拟的正确性。对塔板上液相的非理想流动进行了分析,通过对反向流进行量化和统计计算出反向流体积分数(即反向流体积占塔板总体积的百分比)。3块不同浮阀排布塔板的反向流体积分数时均值的计算结果表明,梯形浮阀和矩形浮阀的排布方式对反向流影响很大,通过合理排布能够使工业塔板的反向流体积分数时均值从22.0%下降到19.4%,降幅达到11.8%。本研究结果可望对塔板的设计和优化提供指导。     

组合导向浮阀塔板的CFD模拟及反向流分析

精馏塔板上的气液两相流动对传质效率有重要影响。根据实验数据拟合得到平均气含率关联式,将其加入动量源项,采用Fluent软件对1.2 m直径的组合导向浮阀塔板上的气液两相流动进行CFD模拟,考察了塔板上的气液两相流动状况。清液层高度的模拟结果与实验数据关联式相吻合,验证了模拟的正确性。对塔板上液相的非理想流动进行了分析,通过对反向流进行量化和统计计算出反向流体积分数(即反向流体积占塔板总体积的百分比)。3块不同浮阀排布塔板的反向流体积分数时均值的计算结果表明,梯形浮阀和矩形浮阀的排布方式对反向流影响很大,通过合理排布能够使工业塔板的反向流体积分数时均值从22.0%下降到19.4%,降幅达到11.8%。本研究结果可望对塔板的设计和优化提供指导。     

计算流体力学在化学工程中的应用

计算流体力学(CFD)用于求解固定几何形状设备内的流体的动量、热量和质量方程以及相关的其他方程,已成为研究化工领域中流体流动和传质的重要工具。本文概述了CFD的基本原理以及CFD在化学工程领域方面的应用,重点介绍了CFD在搅拌槽、换热器、蒸馏塔、薄膜蒸发器、燃烧等方面的应用。     

Hydrodynamics of reactive distillation tray column with catalyst containing envelopes: experiments vs. CFD simulations

We have studied the hydrodynamics of a reactive distillation sieve tray column in which catalyst containing wire-gauze envelopes are disposed along the liquid flow direction. The gas and liquid phases are in cross-current contact on the tray. Experiments were carried out to determine the clear liquid height on the tray as a function of tray geometry and operating conditions. The transient gas–liquid hydrodynamics on the tray was simulated using CFD techniques. The agreement between the experiments and CFD simulations was found to be very good, suggesting that CFD simulations can be used for design and scale-up purposes.     

Hydrodynamics of Distillation Tray Column with Structured Catalyst Containing Envelopes: Experiments versus CFD Simulations

We report studies on the hydrodynamics of a distillation sieve tray column in which structured catalyst containing wire‐gauze envelopes are dispersed along the liquid flow direction. The gas and liquid phases are in cross‐current contact on the tray and were studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Experiments were carried out to determine the clear liquid height on a rectangular tray as a function of geometry and operating conditions. The agreement between the experiments and CFD simulations was found to be very good, suggesting that CFD simulations can be used for design and scale‐up purposes.     

CFD优化精馏塔板的液流状况

应用计算机对过程的模拟(仿真)研究是过程系统工程(process systems engineering,简称PSE)的重要组成部分,本文应用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,简称CFD)模拟研究了液流强度和堰径比对精馏塔板液流状况的影响,并且模拟计算了改进塔板液流状况的两种方案:设置不等高入口堰和设置圆弧型的导流板,从模拟结果可以看出,以上两种方案都能够很好的达到优化塔板液流状况的目的。     

A modified model of computational mass transfer for distillation column

The computational mass transfer (CMT) model is composed of the basic differential mass transfer equation, closing with auxiliary equations, and the appropriate accompanying CFD formulation. In the present modified CMT model, the closing auxiliary equations [Liu, B.T., 2003. Study of a new mass transfer model of CFD and its application on distillation tray. Ph.D. Dissertation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Sun, Z.M., Liu, B.T., Yuan, X.G., Liu, C.J., Yu, K.T., 2005. New turbulent model for computational mass transfer and its application to a commercial-scale distillation column. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44, 4427-4434] are further simplified for reducing the complication of computation. At the same time, the CFD formulation is also improved for better velocity field prediction. By this complex model, the turbulent mass transfer diffusivity, the three-dimensional velocity/concentration profiles and the efficiency of mass transfer equipment can be predicted simultaneously. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed simplified CMT model, simulation was made for distillation column, and the simulated results are compared with the experimental data taken from literatures. The predicted distribution of liquid velocity on a tray and the average mass transfer diffusivity are in reasonable agreement with the reported experimental measurement [Solari, R.B., Bell, R.L., 1986. Fluid flow patterns and velocity distribution on commercial-scale sieve trays. AI.Ch.E. Journal 32, 640-649; Cai, T.J., Chen, G.X., 2004. Liquid back-mixing on distillation trays. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 43, 2590-2597]. In applying the modified model to a commercial scale distillation tray column, the predictions of the concentration at the outlet of each tray and the tray efficiency are satisfactorily confirmed by the published experimental data [Sakata, M., Yanagi, T., 1979. Performance of a commercial scale sieve tray. Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, vol. 56, pp. 3.2/21-3.2/34]. Furthermore, the validity of the present model is also shown by checking the computed results with a reported pilot-scale tray column [Garcia, J.A., Fair, J.R., 2000. A fundamental model for the prediction of distillation sieve tray efficiency. 1. Database development. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 39, 1809-1817] in the bottom concentration and the overall tray efficiency under different operating conditions. The modified CMT model is expected to be useful in the design and analysis of distillation column.     

多溢流大型塔板的计算传质学

利用计算传质学方法研究了直径12.6 m的四溢流大型塔板上液相流动结构对塔板效率的影响,建立了描述多溢流塔板上液相流动和传质状况的理论化计算模型。应用该模型,研究了传统等鼓泡面积设计方法条件下单块塔板的速度场和浓度场。结果表明,所模拟四溢流塔板的左侧翼塔板出现返流区,而右侧翼塔板流动结构相对均匀未出现返流区。为进一步优化塔板结构,提高传质效率,对左侧翼塔板提出了加设导流板的改进结构。计算结果表明,改进的塔板结构在一定程度上改善了塔板上液相的流动结构,使得塔板效率较传统设计方法提升了4.53%～9.22%（当Q₁/Q₂=［0.5,1.5］时）。     

Efficiencies of Sieve Tray Distillation Columns by CFD Simulation

A 3‐D two‐fluid CFD model in the Eulerian‐Eulerian framework was developed to predict the hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer of sieve trays. Interaction between the two phases occurs via interphase momentum and heat and mass transfer. The tray geometries are based on the large rectangular tray of Dribika and Biddulph and FRI commercial‐scale sieve tray of Yanagi and Sakata. In this work a CFD simulation is developed to give predictions of the fluid flow patterns, hydraulics, and mass transfer efficiency of distillation sieve trays including a downcomer. The main objective has been to find the extent to which CFD can be used as a design and prediction tool for real behavior, concentration and temperature distributions, and efficiencies of industrial trays. Despite the use of simple correlations for closure models, the efficiencies obtained are very close to experimental data. The results show that values of point efficiency vary with position on the tray because of variation of affecting parameters, such as velocities, temperature and concentration gradients, and interfacial area. The simulation results show that CFD can be used as a powerful tool in tray design and analysis, and can be considered as a new approach for efficiency calculations and as a new tool for testing mixing models in both phases. CFD can be used as a “virtual experiment” to simulate tray behavior under operating conditions.     

塔板液相三维流场的研究(Ⅰ)试验测量

本文针对热膜流速仪元件的工作原理提出了在平面旋转测量液体三维流速的方法,并测量了大型精馏塔板液相单相三维流场。为计算流体力学对塔板模拟提供了实验验证。测量结果发现在塔板的回流区、出口堰和塔壁附近流速的垂直分量是不可忽略的,有的地方流速的垂直分量的大小与其水平分量数量级相同。     

塔板液相三维流场的研究（I）试验测量

本文针对热膜流速仪元件的工作原理提出了在平面旋转测量液体三维流速的方法,并测量了大型精馏塔板液相单相三维流场。为计算流体力学对塔板模拟提供了实验验证。测量结果发现在塔板的回流区、出口堰和塔壁附近流速的垂直分量是不可忽略的,有的地方流速的垂直分量的大小与其水平分量数量级相同。