Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Apocrine and Eccrine Differentiation

Adnexal tumors of the skin are a rare group of benign and malignant neoplasms that exhibit morphological differentiation toward one or more of the adnexal epithelium types present in normal skin. Tumors deriving from apocrine or eccrine glands are highly heterogeneous and represent various histological entities. Macroscopic and dermatoscopic features of these tumors are unspecific; therefore, a specialized pathological examination is required to correctly diagnose patients. Limited treatment guidelines of adnexal tumor cases are available; thus, therapy is still challenging. Patients should be referred to high-volume skin cancer centers to receive an appropriate multidisciplinary treatment, affecting their outcome. The purpose of this review is to summarize currently available data on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment approach for apocrine and eccrine tumors.     

Current Options and Future Directions for NAFLD and NASH Treatment

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with a broad spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to advanced stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although there are many undergoing clinical trials for NAFLD treatment, there is no currently approved treatment. NAFLD accounts as a major causing factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its incidence rises accompanying the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Reprogramming of antidiabetic and anti-obesity medicine is a major treatment option for NAFLD and NASH. Liver inflammation and cellular death, with or without fibrosis account for the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Therefore, molecules and signaling pathways involved in hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and cell death are critically important targets for the therapy of NAFLD and NASH. In addition, the avoidance of aberrant infiltration of inflammatory cytokines by treating with CCR antagonists also provides a therapeutic option. Currently, there is an increasing number of pre-clinical and clinical trials undergoing to evaluate the effects of antidiabetic and anti-obesity drugs, antibiotics, pan-caspase inhibitors, CCR2/5 antagonists, and others on NAFLD, NASH, and liver fibrosis. Non-invasive serum diagnostic markers are developed for fulfilling the need of diagnostic testing in a large amount of NAFLD cases. Overall, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of the pathogenesis of NAFLD is helpful to choose an optimized treatment.     

心脏黏液瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨心脏黏液瘤的诊断和外科治疗。方法35例心脏黏液瘤病人,在全麻低温体外循环下进行心脏肿瘤切除术。其中1例同期行二尖瓣置换术,1例行室缺直视修补术。结果术后死亡1例(2.85%),34例病人术后恢复好,临床症状消失,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级。随访6个月～10年,未见肿瘤复发和远处转移。结论超声心动图是诊断心脏黏液瘤的最有效方法,心脏黏液瘤一经确诊应尽快手术。     

Immunotherapy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal Cancer—Current Treatment Options and Future Perspectives

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer constitutes a highly lethal entity among malignancies in the last decades and is still a major challenge for cancer therapeutic options. Despite the current combinational treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies, the survival rates remain notably low for patients with advanced disease. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that influence tumor progression and the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for GI malignancies are urgently needed. Currently, the development and the assessment of the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in GI cancer are in the spotlight of several clinical trials. Thus, several new modalities and combinational treatments with other anti-neoplastic agents have been identified and evaluated for their efficiency in cancer management, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and/or combinations thereof. Understanding the interrelation among the tumor microenvironment, cancer progression, and immune resistance is pivotal for the optimal therapeutic management of all gastrointestinal solid tumors. This review will shed light on the recent advances and future directions of immunotherapy for malignant tumors of the GI system.     

Current and Emerging Approaches for Spine Tumor Treatment

Spine tumors represent a significant social and medical problem, affecting the quality of life of thousands of patients and imposing a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Encompassing a wide range of diseases, spine tumors require prompt multidisciplinary treatment strategies, being mainly approached through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, either alone or in various combinations. However, these conventional tactics exhibit a series of drawbacks (e.g., multidrug resistance, tumor recurrence, systemic adverse effects, invasiveness, formation of large bone defects) which limit their application and efficacy. Therefore, recent research focused on finding better treatment alternatives by utilizing modern technologies to overcome the challenges associated with conventional treatments. In this context, the present paper aims to describe the types of spine tumors and the most common current treatment alternatives, further detailing the recent developments in anticancer nanoformulations, personalized implants, and enhanced surgical techniques.     

超声诊疗一体化的载药壳聚糖纳米微泡的制备

载药微泡在超声诊疗一体化中具有广阔的应用前景.以壳聚糖为原料制备了一种能够实现超声诊疗一体化功能的载药壳聚糖纳米微泡,采用激光粒度仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜、紫外分光光度计、超声成像仪以及圆二色谱仪等对载药纳米微泡进行表征,研究了载药纳米微泡的稳定性,并验证了其体外超声显影和超声释放的能力.结果 表明,载药纳米微泡平均粒径...     

Options for Healthcare Waste Management and Treatment in China

Healthcare waste management and treatment is one of the national priority tasks of China's Tenth Five-Year Plan. Numerous installations disposing medical waste have already operated the project or under construction to the operation in 2006. This paper focuses on the assessment of existing and future options to handle medical waste (MW). Internationally available and so far in China applied technologies and management practice are analysed, including the problems how to segregate medical waste streams at the source and to reduce the 'critical waste' to mainly infectious and aesthetically sensible materials. Non-hazardous MW can be managed and treated in analogue to municipal solid waste (MSW). In most of the European countries decentralised hospital incinerators have been, because of high operation costs and pollution problems, widely banned and replaced by pre-treatment technologies at the source and centralised incineration plants for hazardous MW. Information for adapting and further developing MW management solutions and treatment technologies in China and applying the most appropriate MWM practice is provided.     

空分压缩机组的故障诊断及处理措施

针对空分装置压缩机组的常见故障进行了分析,并且给出了相关的处理措施。     

Iron-Based Nanozymes in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Iron-based nanozymes are currently one of the few clinical inorganic nanoparticles for disease diagnosis and treatment. Overcoming the shortcomings of natural enzymes, such as easy inactivation and low yield, combined with their special nanometer properties and magnetic functions, iron-based nanozymes have broad prospects in biomedicine. This minireview summarizes their preparation, biological activity, catalytic mechanism, and applications in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Finally, challenges to their future development and the trends of iron-based nanozymes are discussed. The purpose of this minireview is to better understand and reasonably speculate on the rational design of iron-based nanozymes as an increasingly important new paradigm for diagnostics.     

A2O污水处理工艺过程故障诊断专家系统的设计与实现

提出一种基于故障树模型的A2O污水处理工艺过程智能故障诊断专家系统,可以根据故障信息判断故障的类型和引起故障的原因,并给出适当的处理措施,最终提高了污水处理效率.     

加氢裂化装置Honeywell DCS系统通信网络的故障诊断及处理方法

介绍辽阳石化公司炼油厂加氢装置集散控制系统（Honeywell公司的DCS）的基本配置、过程网络和万能控制网络的日常维护、故障诊断及处理方法等。     

Emerging Options for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections and the Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance

Precise and rapid identification and characterization of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns are critical for the adequate treatment of infections, which represent an increasing problem in intensive care medicine. The current situation remains far from satisfactory in terms of turnaround times and overall efficacy. Application of an ineffective antimicrobial agent or the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics worsens the patient prognosis and further accelerates the generation of resistant mutants. Here, we provide an overview that includes an evaluation and comparison of existing tools used to diagnose bacterial infections, together with a consideration of the underlying molecular principles and technologies. Special emphasis is placed on emerging developments that may lead to significant improvements in point of care detection and diagnosis of multi-resistant pathogens, and new directions that may be used to guide antibiotic therapy.     

铝及其合金浸锌技术的发展及现状

浸锌是铝及其合金特殊前处理中较为常见的方式,在实际生产中占有重要地位。对浸锌前处理的碱蚀和出光的改进方法进行了总结。较为详细的阐述了铝及铝合金浸锌溶液从浓溶液到稀溶液,从单纯浸锌到多元合金浸锌,从有氰到无氰的发展过程。同时,对浸锌工艺的改良与发展及浸锌机理的研究进行了简要评述。     

低温厌氧消化废水处理的现状及展望

低温厌氧消化是一种低成本、低技术门槛的绿色生物废水处理方法,能够在经济和环境方面为社会带来巨大效益。本文介绍了低温厌氧消化技术的原理、优势和应用现状,并对附加后处理程序,结合深度测序或宏基因组学以及其他功能经济途径所获得的信息,发展更加稳定高效的低温厌氧消化反应器设备进行了展望。     

Asthma and Allergy: Unravelling a Tangled Relationship with a Focus on New Biomarkers and Treatment

Asthma is a major driver of health care costs across ages. Despite widely disseminated asthma-treatment guidelines and a growing variety of effective therapeutic options, most patients still experience symptoms and/or refractoriness to standard of care treatments. As a result, most patients undergo a further intensification of therapy to optimize symptom control with a subsequent increased risk of side effects. Raising awareness about the relevance of evaluating aeroallergen sensitizations in asthmatic patients is a key step in better informing clinical practice while new molecular tools, such as the component resolved diagnosis, may be of help in refining the relationship between sensitization and therapeutic recommendations. In addition, patient care should benefit from reliable, easy-to-measure and clinically accessible biomarkers that are able to predict outcome and disease monitoring. To attain a personalized asthma management and to guide adequate treatment decisions, it is of paramount importance to expand clinicians’ knowledge about the tangled relationship between asthma and allergy from a molecular perspective. Our review explores the relevance of allergen testing along the asthma patient’s journey, with a special focus on recurrent wheezing children. Here, we also discuss the unresolved issues regarding currently available biomarkers and summarize the evidence supporting the eosinophil-derived neurotoxin as promising biomarker.     

三维电极电解法在水质净化中的应用及其研究方向

在参阅大量国内外文献资料的基础上,介绍了三维电极电解法的概念、机理、应用现状及存在的问题。综述了三维电极电解法的现状及发展方向。     

Folate-Targeted Monodisperse PEG-Based Conjugates Made by Chemo-Enzymatic Methods for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

This paper focuses on preliminary in vitro and in vivo testing of new bivalent folate-targeted PEGylated doxorubicin (DOX) made by modular chemo-enzymatic processes (FA₂-dPEG-DOX₂). A unique feature is the use of monodisperse PEG (dPEG). The modular approach with enzyme catalysis ensures exclusive γ-conjugation of folic acid, full conversion and selectivity, and no metal catalyst residues. Flow cytometry analysis showed that at 10 µM concentration, both free DOX and FA₂-dPEG-DOX₂ would be taken up by 99.9% of triple-negative breast cancer cells in 2 h. Intratumoral injection to mice seemed to delay tumor growth more than intravenous delivery. The mouse health status, food, water consumption, and behavior remained unchanged during the observation.     

我国磷肥工业废水处理技术现状及建议(待续)

介绍了我国磷肥工业废水处理技术现状,对存在的主要污染问题进行了分析,对照正在修订的磷肥工业水污染物排放标准,结合磷肥工业含氟、磷废水排放特点和现场调查所了解的攻关技术,提出了今后对氟、磷水污染物控制的建议.     

Liquid Biopsy: A New Translational Diagnostic and Monitoring Tool for Musculoskeletal Tumors

Soft tissue and bone sarcomas represent a group of aggressive neoplasms often accompanied by dismal patient prognosis, especially when distant metastases are present. Moreover, effective treatment can pose a challenge, as recurrences are frequent and almost half of patients present with advanced disease. Researchers have unveiled the molecular abnormalities implicated in sarcomas’ carcinogenesis, paving the way for novel treatment strategies based on each individual tumor’s characteristics. Therefore, the development of new techniques aiding in early disease detection and tumor molecular profiling is imperative. Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and analysis of patients’ fluids, such as blood, to identify tumor biomarkers, through a variety of methods, including qRT-PCR, qPCR, droplet digital PCR, magnetic microbeads and digital PCR. Assessment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free DNA (ctDNA), micro RNAs (miRs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), exosomes and exosome–associated proteins can yield a plethora of information on tumor molecular signature, histologic type and disease stage. In addition, the minimal invasiveness of the procedure renders possible its wide application in the clinical setting, and, therefore, the early detection of the presence of tumors. In this review of the literature, we gathered information on biomarkers assessed through liquid biopsy in soft tissue and bone sarcoma patients and we present the information they can yield for each individual tumor type.     

氨汽提法尿素合成塔泄漏的维护及处理

介绍了尿素合成塔的腐蚀特点;简述了尿素合成塔出现漏点后的维护措施及处理方案。